Why is Ji 'an, China known as a famous historical and cultural city in China?
Ji 'an has a long history and rich cultural heritage. In the first 37 years, Koguryo, a northern ethnic minority in China, established political power in the middle reaches of Yalu River and Hunjiang River Basin. In the third year, Koguryo moved its capital to the domestic city (now Ji 'an City), and Ji 'an was the capital of Koguryo for 425 years. After the death of Koguryo in 668, it experienced the dynasties of Bohai, Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming. In the 28th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1902), Ji 'an County was established, changed to Ji 'an County in 1965, changed to Ji 'an City in May/988, was established as a provincial economic development zone by the provincial government in July/988, and was approved as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council in 2004.
Ji 'an is an ancient city with a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age, people lived here. This is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. In AD 3, the second king of Koguryo, King Liu Li, moved to Ji 'an. Ji 'an, as the capital of Koguryo, lasted for 425 years and experienced 19 kings. It was the center of political, cultural and economic exchanges in Northeast China at that time. The splendid culture in ancient times left many cultural relics in Ji 'an, including China Koguryo Royal City, the royal tombs (world-class), Donggou Ancient Tombs, Malubu Mountain City (national level), including 75 Koguryo Ancient Tombs, more than 0/0 ancient tombs, and more than 0/0 large tombs called "Oriental Pyramid". There are more than 20 mural tombs known as "the first monument in Haidong" and "the art treasure house in Northeast Asia", among which the murals in the tomb of Five Helmets are the most colorful. Ji 'an cultural relics and historic sites are of great academic value and practical significance to the study of China's history and archaeological history.
Koguryo historic site
On the plains around Ji 'an, there are more than 10,000 ancient tombs in the Koguryo era, which is a famous "Donggou ancient tomb group" at home and abroad. In July 2004, the World Heritage Committee listed the Koguryo Imperial City, Mausoleum and Noble Tombs in Ji 'an in the World Cultural Heritage List.
Jiangjunfen
Located at the foot of Longshan Mountain, about 4.5 kilometers northeast of Ji 'an City, it is known as the "Oriental Pyramid". It was built in the early 5th century and was the 20th king of Koguryo dynasty.
Shouwangling.
The whole mausoleum is square-stepped, with a side length of 31.58m, a height of 13. 1 m and more than one stone strip10/00, which is magnificent. This square "stone altar" tomb is made of finely carved granite and has seven steps, the largest of which is 5.7m long,1.12m wide,1.10m thick and weighs about 32 tons. The remaining six layers, each layer is composed of three layers of stone strips. The whole mausoleum is square, with a bottom area of 997 square meters and a top area of 270 square meters. In the middle of the fifth step of the mausoleum, there is a leisure road opened in the early years, which can lead to the mausoleum. The tomb is square, with a length of 5 meters and a height of 5.5 meters. The four walls are made of six layers of stone strips, and the top of the tomb is covered with a huge and complete slate with a plane of more than 50 square meters and a weight of about 50 tons.
Hao tai Wang Bei
At the foot of Yushan Mountain, 4 kilometers east of Ji 'an City, it is the tombstone of the King of Koguryo 19. The Monument to King Tai Hao was built in the 10th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 14). It is made of a whole piece of breccia tuff with a small chisel, slightly square column. This kind of stone is more common in the good citizens of Ji 'an and the Yalu River around Shangxiahuolong. The Monument to the King of Tai Hao is 6.39 meters high and 1.34~2.0 meters wide. Koguryo craftsmen carved and formed, stood up, and then wrote and engraved. The inscription of Chinese characters is engraved on four sides, with 44 lines of 4 1 each. Except for writing and blank inscriptions on stone tablets, 1 is * * *. The inscription is in Chinese characters, and the size is about 9- 10 cm. It is a square and heavy official script, which retains part of seal script and regular script and forms a square calligraphy style. It is one of the important examples of China calligraphy from official script to regular script.
Tai Hao tomb
Located 200 meters southwest of King Tai Hao Monument, it is the tomb of King Taihao of Koguryo 19. Established on 39 1. This is the only typical tomb with a known age and burial person among the existing Koguryo tombs.
Taihao Mausoleum is a huge stone tomb with a stepped square altar. Before the altar of Tai Hao Mausoleum Square was built, an 80 cm foundation trench was dug and a cornerstone was laid at 90 cm. Due to the stratigraphic change of 1600 years, the base of the square altar has changed greatly, with a side length of about 66 meters, close to a square, and a residual height of 14.8 meters, which is close to the west. The internal and external structure of Tai Wang Mausoleum is slightly different from that of General Cemetery. At present, there are 16 steps in Taiwangling. The first step altar is made of five rebuilt and neatly cut stone strips, with a tomb at the top, which is 2.95 meters long from east to west and 3.25 meters long from north to south. The stone strips at the top of the caisson are slightly retracted. Gaishi is a whole round slate with a long diameter of 8.4 meters, a short diameter of 5 meters and a thickness of 0.8 meters.
Wandu shancheng fortress
Located on Marudo Mountain in the north of Ji 'an, 2.5 kilometers (kilometers) away from domestic cities. It is one of the famous city sites in Koguryo in the early and middle period. It is not only the military garrison city of domestic cities, but also the capital of Koguryo, which has played an important role in the historical development of Koguryo. Malubu Mountain City and domestic cities are interdependent and mutually capitals, forming a new model of attaching capital in the history of world capital architecture, and writing a magnificent chapter for the history books of world ancient capitals.
Marubi Mountain City was originally named "Na Wei Yanshi". According to documents, Goguryeo moved the capital to China in the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (3 years) and built "Yancheng, Na Wei" in the second year of Jian 'an (197). Goguryeo had a large-scale war with the Gongsun regime to which Cao Wei belonged. Goguryeo was defeated and the domestic city was destroyed. In the third year of Jian 'an (198), the tenth generation of Koguryo, Wang Shangwang, strengthened and expanded the Yancheng in Na Wei and built a large palace. Na Wei Yan City was renamed Marukou City. In 2009, King Shan moved the capital to Maludo. At this point, the overall layout of Marudao Mountain City was basically completed, and it became the only mountain king with the Daguong site as the core in Koguryo period.
Maludo Mountain City is a wall built by the trend of natural mountains, and the wall fluctuates. Building low walls on steep cliffs or not, and building high walls on gentle ridges will make the city high and steep and enhance its defense ability. The mountain city is high in the north and low in the south, shaped like a dustpan inclined to the south. The city wall is an irregular rectangle with a circumference of 6395 meters. Marudao Mountain City takes the mountain as the screen, the mountainside as the palace and the taniguchi as the door, which fully embodies the traditional concept of Feng Shui in China. The mountain city has a strong defense, but the city is spacious and comfortable, with beautiful environment, which integrates architecture, military affairs, life, production and natural environment, and creates a mouth-shaped mountain city architectural model that is perfectly combined with natural environment. This kind of creation adapted to local conditions has strong national characteristics and is a full display of Koguryo's national architectural talent and city-building concept. Goguryeo's "whimsy" in building Marube Mountain City made it an outstanding example of medieval capital architecture.
Domestic cities
Located in the downtown area of Ji 'an, the ancient city wall is still strong, capital style and unique after thousands of years. In the second year of Emperor Zhao Jian of the Han and Yuan Dynasties (the first 37 years), Zhu Meng established a local regime-Koguryo in Xuantu County of the Western Han Dynasty. The early capital was Ge Sheng Gucheng (now Wunvshan City, Huanren County, Liaoning Province). In the third year of the Western Han Dynasty, Goguryeo moved its capital to the domestic city (now Ji 'an City) and built Yanna City (later called Maru City). During the 425 years before Guang Guang moved to Pyongyang in the fourth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (427), the inner city was always the political, economic and cultural center of Koguryo.
Koguryo Tomb Mural
The murals in Ji 'an ancient tomb are rich and colorful, which can be basically divided into three types. The murals in the early and middle period are simple and elegant, full of spirituality, very close to real life, showing a naive humor, and truly and vividly reappearing the local nostalgia and social features of Koguryo nationality. On these murals, people can see: nobles and wives are feasting, and the chef in the kitchen is cooking fish and fried meat. Koguryo people who love dancing line up, wear feathers, wave their arms, dance in groups, or perform solo dances. The performances in the market are more lively. There are monkeys, magicians and jugglers under the big tree. Fighting and expanding territory are important parts of Koguryo's life. The generals of both sides are wearing armor, wearing móu helmets, and the horses are also wearing armor. Infantry from both sides also fought together. The winner raised his sword to kill the prisoner, who knelt in front of the horse and waited for death. ...
In addition to the above-mentioned contents reflecting life customs, there are also a large part of myths and legends and religious contents, especially the late murals, which account for the main body. There are many murals depicting the four gods. Suzaku, Xuanwu, Qinglong and Baihu, the gods of the four directions, have become the main theme in some ancient tombs, monopolizing the four walls. Smooth lines, contrasting colors, exaggerated images and mysterious atmosphere show that Koguryo painters are more proficient in skills and more refined and vivid in brushwork. In addition, religious contents such as buddhas, bodhisattvas, guardian lions, boys and lotus flowers on Mount Sumi also appear in the murals. What is even more fascinating is that Fuxi, Nu Wa, Shennong, Tian Fei, Lapras immortals, crane drivers, immortals, geisha musicians, Xizhong, Shen Lishi, the sun, the moon and stars also appear on the murals. This phenomenon just shows that Koguryo culture and Yanhuang culture are in the same strain. Another feature of Koguryo murals is decorative patterns. There are mainly "Wang" continuous patterns, lotus patterns and ring patterns. These patterns are concise, lively, rich and elegant, and have a strong decorative effect.