What does Guanzhong mean?

The Central Plains, a cultural region in the history of China, is divided into the Central Plains in a broad sense (the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River) and the Central Plains in a narrow sense (Henan Province). The Central Plains in history refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, including central and northern Henan Province, central and northern Shaanxi Province, central and southern Shanxi Province, northern Anhui Province and neighboring areas of Gansu Province, Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province. It is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the cradle of the Chinese nation.

The Central Plains region starts from the north of Shanxi, the north of Shaanxi and the north of Hebei in the north, and reaches the south of Henan, the north of Hubei, the north of Anhui and the north of Jiangsu in the south, the west of Shandong in the east and Longyou in the west. Its core is centered on Guanzhong, southern Shanxi and western Henan in Qin, Jin and Henan provinces, which is proved by archaeological and historical documents.

The definition scope of Central Plains in historical ancient books;

1. Northern boundary: Beijing, Yulin, Taiyuan and Zhangjiakou.

In the fourteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty: "Fu Weijing, south of the Central Plains."

Famous Mountain Collection in Ming Dynasty: "Shaanxi Sanchao is also the gateway to the Central Plains." (Ming Sanzhen is a trilateral town such as Yulin and Guyuan in Shaanxi Province)

Jin's "Book of Passing Jinyang Old City": "The North Gate of the Central Plains is in a good situation and wants to see the clouds." (Jinyang is now Taiyuan)

Yuan's Northbound Ridge: "The north and south of the Central Plains are limited to Xiling, and the wild fox is higher than Dagengding" (Xiling refers to the mountain of Malaysia, and the wild fox is the wild fox of Zhangbei).

2. South boundary: Qinling Mountains.

"Model": "The Central Plains in the north is still in the old capital." Shu is located at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains.

3. East boundary: Huai 'an

"Boarding Chuzhou City": "Today's trip to the Central Plains is three miles, and a jade belt wears the sky." (Chuzhou, now Huai 'an, Jiangsu)

4. Western border: Longnan, Tianshui and Guyuan.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "Shu soldiers have arrived at Qishan, and the former army is west of Weihe River and has invaded the Central Plains. Can Qing Anren sit back and watch? " Qishan is located in Longnan and Tianshui, and the enemy is Qishan, invading the Central Plains.

Famous Mountain Collection in Ming Dynasty: "Shaanxi Sanchao is also the gateway to the Central Plains." (Ming Sanzhen is a trilateral town such as Yulin and Guyuan in Shaanxi Province)

Guanzhong, an important town in the Central Plains, is mainly located in the alluvial plain of Weihe River in the middle of Shaanxi Province, China, with an average elevation of about 500 meters. Also known as Guanzhong basin. The northern part is the Beishan mountain system, and the west, south and east are surrounded by Qinling Mountains. It is a developed industrial and agricultural area in Shaanxi, with dense population and rich land, and is known as "800 Li Qinchuan". ?

The name of Guanzhong began in the Warring States period. It is generally believed that there are four passes in the west, namely Hangu Pass in the east, Wuguan Pass in the south and Xiaoguan Pass in the north. The four-way barrier, coupled with the two natural barriers of the northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, makes Guanzhong? It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Guanzhong has fertile land, criss-crossing rivers and mild climate, which is called "Huang Jincheng Thousand Miles", "Land of Abundance" and "Land of Four Blocks" in history books. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, 14 dynasties have established their capitals here, which lasted for more than 1 100 years. In addition, the cradle of Chinese civilization is in the Yellow River basin, and the cradle of Yellow River civilization is in the Weihe River basin (Guanzhong). According to myths, legends and archaeological excavations, Yan Di and Huangdi from western China are recognized as the earliest kings and "ancestors of mankind". The ancestral homes and tombs of Yan Di and Huangdi are in Guanzhong area. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that Guanzhong is one of the most important and concentrated cradles of ancient civilization in China. ? There are Lantian and Dali cultures hundreds of thousands of years ago, and the typical representatives of Yangshao culture are Yangguanzhai culture and Banpo culture. For example, Anyang Guanzhai site, Banpo site, Lintong Jiangzhai site and Baoji Doujitai site are the earliest birthplaces of primitive agriculture in China, forming the earliest production technologies such as farming, building houses, weaving and pottery making, and even creating the earliest characters. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Xi 'an, there are a series of evidences of the earliest culture in China, such as the earliest agricultural and fishery tools in Banpo, the earliest pottery kiln, the earliest Wen Tao, the earliest civil buildings and the earliest bone carving head in Jiawan. Guanzhong Plain is a well-deserved cradle of Chinese civilization and one of the most important centers of human origin and prehistoric culture in Asia.