What are Indian numerals and Arabic numerals?
1202, Italy published an important mathematical book, The Book of Calculations, which widely used Indian numerals improved by Arabs, which marked the beginning of using new numerals in Europe. This book is divided into fifteen chapters. The first chapter reads: "The nine numbers in India are' 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1'. Any number can be represented by these nine numbers and the symbol' 0' called' zero' by Arabs. "
With the passage of time, China printing spread to Europe in the14th century, which accelerated the popularization and application of Indian numerals in Europe. Indian numbers are gradually adopted by all Europeans.
Westerners accepted the Indian figures from Arabia, but ignored the ancient Indians at that time and regarded them only as the achievements of Arabs, so they called them Arabic figures, which have been passed down to this day.
specify
Numbers are both unfamiliar and familiar terms. It consists of ten letters from 0 to 9. Numbers not only include counting, but also have rich philosophical connotations.
1: It can be seen as the number "1", a stick, a crutch, an upright gun, a candle and a one-dimensional space. ...
2. It can be seen as the number "2", a wooden horse, a kneeling person, a steep slope, a slide and a goose. ...
3. Can be seen as the number "3", two fingers, breasts, cross-eyed, branches, inverted W. ...
It can be seen as the number "4", a squatting person, a small sailboat, a small red flag and a knife. ...
5: Can be seen as the number "5", big belly, little ass, notes. ...
6. It can be seen as the number "6", a tadpole, a person with a head and an arm exposed. ...
7. It can be seen as the number "7", crutches, small tables, benches, fork roads, T-shaped objects and sickles. ...
8. It can be seen as the number "8", the mathematical symbol "∞", peanuts, collars and snowman. ...
9: Can be seen as the number "9", a person sitting next to it, a small bud. ...
0: can be regarded as the number "0", chubby person, round "○", sole, feet, two-dimensional space, thin face, eggs. ...
Numbers can be divided into real numbers and imaginary numbers, real numbers can be divided into rational numbers and irrational numbers, or into integers and decimals, and any rational number can be converted into digital form.
Roman numeral
On the basis of Greek numerals, the Romans established their own counting methods.
Romans used letters to represent numbers, I for 1, V for 5, X for 10, C for 100, and M for 1000. Such a large number is relatively short to write, but it is still very inconvenient to calculate. So today people seldom count with Roman numerals, but sometimes they can be seen to be used in year numbers or clocks. [