Common sense of first aid after heatstroke
Heatstroke is a disorder of body temperature regulation under the influence of high temperature, which is often caused by exposure to hot sun or heavy physical labor in high temperature environment.
Common causes of heatstroke:
Normal people's body temperature can be kept at 37. C or so is the result of balancing heat production and heat dissipation through the role of hypothalamic thermoregulation center. When the ambient temperature exceeds the skin temperature, heat dissipation mainly depends on sweating and evaporation on the skin and alveolar surface. The heat dissipation of human body can also bring the heat of deep tissue to upper and lower tissues through circulating blood flow, and dissipate heat through expanded skin blood vessels, so the more blood flow in skin blood vessels, the more heat dissipation. If heat production is greater than heat dissipation or heat dissipation is blocked, there will be too much heat accumulated in the body, that is, high fever and heatstroke will occur.
Heatstroke can be divided into:
1, threatened heatstroke
In high temperature environment, heatstroke patients have symptoms such as dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, chest tightness, palpitation, fatigue, thirst, sweating, inattention, numbness of limbs and so on. At this time, the body temperature is normal or slightly higher, generally not exceeding 37.5. C. This is a harbinger of heatstroke. If measures are taken in time, such as leaving the high temperature scene quickly, the development of heatstroke can be prevented.
2, mild heatstroke
In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke, there are early symptoms of respiratory and circulatory failure, such as flushing or pallor, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, sweating, hot or wet skin, weak pulse, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. At this time, the body temperature is over 38. C.
3. Severe heatstroke
In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke, it is accompanied by fainting, coma, spasm or high fever.
4, severe heatstroke can continue to be divided into:
Heatstroke and high fever, that is, a lot of heat accumulation in the body. People suffering from heatstroke will have drowsiness, coma, flushing, dry and hot skin, no sweat, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and high fever, and their body temperature may exceed 40 degrees.
Heat exhaustion means that there is not a lot of accumulated heat in the body. People suffering from heatstroke may have pale face, cold skin, weak pulse, shallow and rapid breathing, syncope, coma and blood pressure drop.
Heatstroke spasm:
That is, it is not directly related to high temperature, but occurs after strenuous labor and exercise. Because drinking water without supplementing salt after sweating a lot, blood sodium and chlorine are reduced, and blood potassium can also be reduced, resulting in paroxysmal painful muscle spasm (commonly known as cramp), thirst, less urine, but normal body temperature.
Eclipse:
That is, strong sunlight irradiates the head, leading to an increase in intracranial temperature. Patients with heatstroke have severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, dizziness, irritability, mental disorder, coma in severe cases, and slight increase in body temperature.
Emergency rescue in case of heatstroke:
Get rid of the high temperature environment and quickly transfer the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place to rest. Let it lie flat, raise its head and unbutton it.
Cosmetic liquid:
If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea and vomiting, they can drink salty drinks, tea, mung bean soup and so on. To cool down and replenish blood volume.
Artificial heat dissipation:
You can use a fan to cool down, but you can't blow directly at the patient to prevent catching a cold again.
Ice compress:
Cold compress can also be used on the head. Ice packs should be placed in the head, armpits, groin and other large blood vessels (ice cubes, popsicles, water ice cream, etc.). Put it in a plastic bag and seal it tightly), you can rub it with cold water or 30% alcohol until your skin turns red.
Temperature was measured every 10- 15 minutes 1 time.
Preventive measures and key points of first aid after heatstroke in the field
When outdoor athletes go to Shan Ye, they often run after them. However, when they are exposed to intense sunlight for a long time, the heat and temperature in the body are not fully distributed, which leads to the increase of body temperature, the damage of the thermoregulatory center inside the brain and the cessation of activities. This is heatstroke.
People suffering from heatstroke will have headaches, high fever, vomiting or fainting, and sometimes they will die. So outdoor athletes must pay attention to prevention and first aid. You'd better wear a sun hat to prevent exposure to the sun for too long.
Once heatstroke occurs, first aid should be given as soon as possible to avoid collapse and death. First, move the patient to the shade, loosen or take off his clothes, let him lie down comfortably, and raise his head and shoulders with something.
Cover his head with a cold wet towel, preferably a water bag or an ice bag. Wipe your body with a sponge soaked in alcohol or a towel soaked in cold water, and fan it as cold as possible to let his body temperature drop to normal temperature.
Finally, measure his temperature or observe the patient's pulse rate. If it is lower than 1 10 per minute, it means that his body temperature is tolerable. If it is above 1 10, all cooling methods should be stopped. Observe 10 minutes or so. If the body temperature continues to rise, it should be cooled again.
After regaining consciousness, give salt water to drink, but not * * *. In addition, coverage is provided according to the patient's comfort.
2. Emergency measures for heatstroke
Tips for heatstroke prevention
Wear light-colored clothes: You should wear white, light-colored or plain clothes in summer to avoid heatstroke.
Wear an insulated straw hat: The raw materials for weaving straw hats are mostly hollow, which contains a certain amount of air and is a bad conductor of heat. In addition, the straw hat has a certain shielding effect on the sun.
Rest at noon: The air is fresh and the climate is cool in the morning. Therefore, if you travel in summer, you should start early, rest at noon and travel after three or four in the afternoon. In this way, when traveling, you will not only be energetic, but also feel tired and heatstroke.
Drink more salt and boiled water: summer is hot and sweaty, the salt in the body is reduced, and the osmotic pressure in the body will be unbalanced, leading to heatstroke. Drinking more salty boiled water or salty tea can replenish the salt lost in the body, thus preventing heatstroke. When drinking salt water, you need to drink a small amount of salt water many times to prevent heatstroke.
Bring heatstroke prevention medicine: it is easy to encounter changeable climate during the journey. Cold and hot temperatures are easy to catch a cold, and sultry weather is the most prone to heatstroke. Therefore, when traveling in summer, you should take some heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Ren Dan, cooling oil, tiger balm, wind oil, ten drops of water, and Huoxiang Zhengqi water.
If the patient faints, you can pinch the patient's Renzhong point with your fingers or acupuncture Xuan Shi point with your fingertips. When the patient gets better, he will be sent to a nearby hospital for treatment.
Symptoms of heatstroke and first aid methods
1, symptoms of heatstroke
(1) threatened heatstroke: hyperhidrosis, thirst, dizziness, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpitation, nausea, elevated body temperature and general weakness.
(2) Mild heatstroke: In addition to the above symptoms, the body temperature is above 38℃, facial flushing, chest tightness, pallor, nausea, vomiting, sweating, cold skin, blood pressure drop and other early symptoms of respiratory and circulatory failure.
(3) Severe heatstroke: In addition to the above symptoms, there are also symptoms such as syncope and spasm, dry skin and no sweat, and body temperature above 40℃.
First aid measures:
1. Immediately transfer the patient to a ventilated, cool and dry place, such as a corridor or under a tree.
2. Let the patient lie on his back, unbutton his collar and take off or loosen his coat. If clothes are soaked by sweat, change dry clothes, and turn on the electric fan or air conditioner (direct blowing should be avoided) to dissipate heat as soon as possible.
3. Cold compress the head, armpit and groin with a wet towel, and wipe the whole body with warm water if possible, at the same time, accelerate blood circulation and promote heat dissipation.
4. Conscious patients or patients who have cooled off summer heat can drink mung bean soup and light salt water, or take Ren Dan, ten drops of water and Huoxiang Zhengqi water (capsules) to cool off summer heat.
5. In case of high fever, coma, convulsion and other symptoms, the patient should lie on his side, tilt his head back, and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. At the same time, you should immediately call 120 for help from medical staff for emergency treatment.
3. How to give first aid to heatstroke?
First aid method: (1) Immediately transfer the patient to a ventilated, cool and dry place, such as under the shade of a tree.
Ask the patient to take a semi-recumbent position and unbutton his clothes, or take off and loosen his clothes and change wet clothes into dry clothes. At the same time, using an electric fan or fan to help dissipate heat can also cool down in an air-conditioned room.
(2) Reduce the body temperature below 38℃ as soon as possible. Can be used in the patient's head, armpits, groin and other places with cold wet towel cold compress, or alcohol local bath.
You can take a bath with warm water or cold water. (3) Patients who are conscious or awake after cooling can drink mung bean soup, light salt water and watermelon water.
Drugs such as Ren Dan and Huoxiang Zhengqi Water can be kept at home at any time. (4) After the above treatment, it still doesn't get better, and it was rushed to the hospital for treatment.
Special attention: the elderly should wear thin, light-colored and loose clothes and drink more drinks or cold water in hot summer, and the daily consumption should be about 2000 ml. Pay attention to reasonable rest and try to avoid going out in hot noon or strong sunshine.
4. What are the first aid methods for heatstroke?
When someone falls down due to heatstroke, different treatments should be given according to the different symptoms of the patient.
(1) If the patient stays in strong sunlight or sultry environment for too long, and his skin is hot due to facial flushing, he should be quickly carried to a cool and ventilated environment to lie down, his head should be slightly padded, his clothes and trousers should be taken off, and the wind should be fanned by an electric fan. At the same time, wipe the body with cold water or spray it to speed up the heat dissipation in the patient.
In order to avoid the contraction of subcutaneous blood vessels caused by the skin cooling too fast, the rescuer should also * * the limbs and trunk of the patient from time to time until the skin turns red, so as to promote the circulating blood to bring the heat in the body to the body surface and dissipate it. If the patient is unconscious, acupuncture or fingernail can be used to pinch the patient's body acupoint (located at the junction of upper middle 1/3 between nose and lips) to make the patient awake.
(2) If you are in a humid and sultry environment, which leads to excessive fatigue, you should carry the patient with pale face, cold skin, palpitation and dyspnea to a cool and ventilated place as soon as possible, loosen the collar and belt, and keep breathing smoothly. Just hot compress your forehead and neck with a cold towel, and don't do any other cooling treatment to avoid aggravating symptoms.
For comatose patients, after waking up, be sure to rest quietly in a cool and ventilated place, drink plenty of salt water and replenish body fluids.
5. How to give first aid to heatstroke?
Symptoms of heatstroke: People suffering from heatstroke are generally characterized by elevated body temperature, fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, rapid pulse and breathing, red complexion, dry skin, even high fever, mental disorder, convulsions, and even coma and sudden death.
First aid for heatstroke: 1. On-the-spot judgment of threatened heatstroke: In high temperature environment, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, thirst, hyperhidrosis, weakness of limbs, inattention and uncoordinated movements appear. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated.
Mild heatstroke: facial flushing, sweating profusely, burning skin, or cold limbs, pale face, decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse. Body temperature is often higher than normal.
Severe heatstroke: it is the most serious kind of heatstroke. If it is not treated in time, it will be life-threatening. Severe heatstroke can be divided into three types: heat spasm, heat exhaustion and heatstroke.
2. The treatment mechanism is normal. The relative stability of human body temperature is the result of the balance of heat production and heat dissipation. Heatstroke is because the environment is hot and humid, and the heat absorbed and generated by the body is greater than the heat released, so the body temperature rises sharply, which has toxic effects on cells and causes large-scale organ dysfunction.