What is vertical and horizontal writing?

Vertical and horizontal writing generally refers to writing from right to left, with 8 or 9 words in each column. Neat introduction is a creative technique commonly used by many calligraphers. In hard-pen calligraphy, the horizontal manuscript paper is long from left to right, and the vertical manuscript paper is long from top to bottom. When writing horizontally, you write horizontally, and when you write vertically, you write vertically (from top to bottom, from right to left). When writing hard-pen calligraphy, writing horizontally is more comfortable and natural. .

Writing vertically, whether in ancient times or now, always starts from the right. Half of the ancient texts do not require punctuation. Modern texts add two characters to each paragraph. Leave a space or add punctuation at the place where you need to pause during the article.

The basic shape of Chinese characters is square, but through the expansion and contraction of stippling and the twisting of the axis, various different moving shapes can be formed, thus combining them into beautiful calligraphy works.

The structure form is mainly affected by two factors. One is the need to express the interest of calligraphy; the other is the formal factor of calligraphy expression.

As for the latter, it is mainly reflected in three aspects: one is the influence of the calligraphy style, such as the seal script taking a vertical rectangular shape; the other is the influence of the font shape, some characters are flat and rectangular, and some are flat and rectangular. It is rectangular; the third one is influenced by the rules and regulations.

Therefore, only by actively creating forms under the control of the above two types of factors can we create beautiful structural forms.