What are the four ancient bridges in China?
China is the hometown of bridges, which has been called "the country of bridges" since ancient times. It developed in Sui Dynasty and flourished in Song Dynasty. Bridges all over China are woven into a transportation network extending in all directions, connecting all directions of the motherland. The art of ancient bridge architecture in China is a pioneering work in the history of bridges in the world, which fully shows the extraordinary wisdom of the ancient working people in China. Chaozhou Guangji Bridge (Xiangzi Bridge), Hebei Zhao Zhouqiao, Quanzhou Luoyang Bridge and Beijing Lugou Bridge are also called the four ancient bridges in China.
Chaozhou Xiangzi bridge
Xiangzi Bridge, namely Guangji Bridge, is located on the rolling Hanjiang River outside the east gate of Chaozhou, with Bijia Mountain in the east, the east gate of downtown in the west, Phoenix Island in the south and jincheng mountain in the north. The scenery is magnificent and charming. Folk songs sing: "it's a waste of time to leave before the tide reaches;" If you can't get to the bridge, you will leave for nothing. "
Guangji Bridge, commonly known as Xiangzi Bridge, was built by Ceng Jiang (11), the satrap of the Song trunk road for seven years. It was originally a pontoon bridge, and it was named "Jikang Bridge" because it connected 86 huge ships. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), the pontoon was washed away by the flood, and the magistrate Chang Wei rebuilt it, and built a pavilion on the west bank to start the construction of the west bank wharf. During the fifty-four years from the first year of Shaoding (1 194), officials such as,, Wang, Ding Yunyuan, Sun, etc. Among them, in the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), the Taishou Yunyuan built the largest and most outstanding bridge and renamed the West Bridge "Dinggong Bridge".
In the fifth year of Shao Xi (194), Taishou Shen built the "Gaixiuting" and called the East Bridge "Jichuan Bridge". Then, the satrap Chen Honggui, Lin Biao and Lin Hui were added one after another until the second year of Kathy (1206). After the completion of the East-West Bridge, the middle is still connected by columns, forming the basic pattern of the combination of beam bridge and pontoon bridge.
Luoyang Quanzhou bridge
Quanzhou is a famous historical and cultural city with a history of 1700 years. As early as the Tang and Song Dynasties, Quanzhou was known as an important trading port in the East. Businessmen, scholars and missionaries from all over the world flocked to Quanzhou, leaving many extremely precious historical and religious relics and classical buildings. There are seven religions in Quanzhou, namely Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, Islam, Brahmanism and Manichaeism, which are extremely rare in the world. Therefore, Quanzhou is known as a religious museum, and Quanzhou is also the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road, which proves the economic development and social prosperity of Quanzhou Port at that time. Today, our first stop is Luoyang Bridge, a great ancient building in Quanzhou. Luoyang Bridge, also known as "Wan 'an Bridge", is at the mouth of Luoyang River, which is the dividing line between Hui 'an and Luojiang today.
The initial construction of Luoyang Bridge was very difficult. It is close to the bay, with wide rivers, fast-flowing water and sometimes waves. "There are rolling waves in the west and surging tides in the east" ("Quanzhou Governs Luoyang Bridge"), and the water potential is sinister. Before the bridge was built, people used to rely on ferries, which often led to capsizing accidents. In order to pray for a safe transition, the ferry here was named Wan 'an Ferry, so it was also named Wan 'an Bridge after the bridge was completed. It is also called Luoyang Bridge because it is built on the Luoyang River. Luoyang bridge has many innovations in bridge construction technology and technology: it pioneered the raft foundation; Application and development of wedge pier: floating and erecting Liang Shi by tidal fluctuation; The pier is fixed with oyster glue. Luoyang Bridge is built with local granite. Flying over the west of Liang Yao and going to Haidong is magnificent and magnificent. After its completion, it will become an important channel for traffic between Quanzhou and the mainland. People move by boat, and it is easy to encounter danger. Therefore, Luoyang Bridge has the reputation of "Wanan Bangzhong". Under the influence of Luoyang Bridge, Fujian, especially Minnan, set off a bridge-building boom, and dozens of large and medium-sized Liang Shi bridges were built successively.
Beijing Lugou Bridge
Lugou Bridge is located in the southwest of Beijing13km, outside the west gate of wanping county, Fengtai District, and across Yongding River. It is the oldest stone multi-span arch bridge in Beijing. It was founded in the 29th year of Jin Dading (1 189) and in the 3rd year of Ming Chang (1 192). It has a history of over 800 years. In the Jin Dynasty, Lugou River was a transportation hub in and out of Kyoto, and it was also a military hub. This bridge was rebuilt in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. According to historical records, this bridge was destroyed by floods during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. Twelve feet on the northeast side of the bridge are rebuilt, that is, the first and second holes counted from the east are rebuilt, and the rest are the original buildings of the Jin Dynasty. The total length of the bridge is 2 12.2m, and the width is 9.3m Counting the piers at both ends, it is about 266.5m. There are 1 1 span and height of each span. The rhythmic design and construction method of small bridge holes on both sides and gradually increasing towards the center is adopted to form a beautiful bridge type. As early as the Jin Dynasty, this bridge was listed as one of the "Eight Scenes of Beijing".
Zhao Zhouqiao, Hebei
Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, is the oldest existing long-span stone arch bridge in China. The bridge was built on the _ River five miles south of Zhao County, Hebei Province. It is magnificent, beautiful in shape and unique in structure. From a distance, it is like a bright moon emerging from the clouds, and the rainbow hangs in the air after the rain, which is very beautiful and spectacular. It was built during the great cause of the Sui Dynasty by the famous craftsman Li Chun. With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world. Because the shoulders at both ends of the bridge have two small holes, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type, which is a creation in the history of bridge building in the world (called full shoulder type or solid shoulder type without small arch). In terms of arch style, Li Chun adopted a flat arc, but if a semi-circular arch is also used on a 37-meter-wide river, the vault will be nearly 20 meters high and the bridge will be steep, making it very inconvenient for pedestrians and horses to cross the bridge. Li Chun creatively changed the flat arch style, making the bridge into a flat arc, reducing the height of the stone arch to 7.23 meters, and the height-span ratio of the arch is about 1∶5. In this way, the slope of the bridge deck is gentle, which is convenient for vehicles and horses to pass. It also has the advantages of saving materials, fast construction and increasing the strength and stability of the bridge.