Where is the location of the ancient building complex in Wubaotian Village?
The ancient building complex of Wubaotian Village is located in Wubaotian Village, Shangpuxi Yao Township, Chenxi County.
The ancient buildings in Wubaotian Village were discovered in the third national immovable cultural relics survey in 2008, and were announced as a national historical and cultural village in 2010, and announced by the Hunan Provincial People's Government in 2011 It is a provincial cultural relic protection unit.
Wubaotian Village was moved to Wubaotian by Xiao Zongan and his family from Huangxikou during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 300 years.
The ancients were very particular about site selection. According to Feng Shui theory, "Mountains make people happy, and water gathers wealth." Wubaotian was built near mountains and rivers, backed by Longmai Mountain, facing Yudai River, and Wubaotian. The terrain is like a net, and the fish swimming in the stream in front of the door are "fish in the net". If there are "fish", there will be more money and rice, so the ancestors of the Xiao family chose to settle here. I hope the Xiao family will prosper and be rich forever. Because there were five small earthen bags in the field in front of the village that resembled "yuanbao", it was gradually renamed Wubao Tian.
Wubaotian Village is mainly composed of the old courtyard area, _ling villa, farming and reading institute, and new courtyard area. Everyone, follow me into Wubaotian Village and experience the carrier and inheritance of Wubaotian Village’s hundreds of years of cultural heritage.
Introduction to attractions
Old courtyard area
What comes into view now is an ancient tree in front of the village. Have you noticed that there are ancient trees in front of the ancient village and an ancient bridge at the end of the village? I wonder if anyone knows the reason? Because the old trees are spreading their branches and leaves, it means that children and grandchildren will be born and people will be prosperous. The bridge at the end of the village is because the ancients believed that water is wealth, and the bridge standing on the water is to block wealth and prevent it from flowing out. The old courtyard area is surrounded by fire-sealing horse-head walls and waist gates more than two feet high, and the inner courtyard is a three-bay, two-depth wooden through-bucket structure. The door frames, lintels and pillar foundation stones of the house are all made of jade bamboo stone, which is abundant in the local area, and are carefully carved into heaven and earth patterns such as "Double Dragons Playing with Phoenix", "Two Phoenixes Chaoyang", "Tai Chi" and "Bagua". The village is laid out according to the Bagua array. Bagua is the eight basic figures used by ancient Chinese Confucians to interpret the changes of all things. Their names are: Qian, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Dui. It symbolizes the eight natural phenomena of heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountain and lake, and is used to speculate on changes in nature and society. The ancients believed that people are surrounded by disasters and disasters. Some of these disasters come from nature, called "natural disasters"; some are man-made, called "-". The house is a "refuge" for people to avoid these natural disasters. Therefore, the ancestors of Wubaotian Village carved the symbols of Qian and Kun on the door frames of some houses in order to deter people and avoid natural disasters. The doors, windows and pavilions of the wooden houses in the inner courtyard are decorated with patterns of birds, animals and flowers. It shows the ideal pursuit of a better material life and spiritual life by the ancestors of Wubaotian Village. The word "Shi Jian Qing Feng" on the door of this ancient building now comes from Sima Qian's "Historical Records: The Family of Xiao Xiangguo": He who buys a farm and house must live in a poor place, and the family does not repair the dilapidated house. He said: "If the future generations are wise, I will teach me how to be thrifty; if you are not wise, don't let yourself be robbed by the powerful." It means that Xiao He, the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, bought houses in remote places and built houses without building walls. He explained to others: "If My descendants Sun Xianneng will naturally imitate my frugality and will not dislike the humble house and thin land I left behind; if they are not worthy, (then this kind of house) will not be taken away by powerful people." The "_Guodongjia" on the door of this building means that the ancestors of the Xiao family want their descendants to uphold the country and be the pillars of the country. These are some of the ancestral rules and family rules left by the ancestors of the Xiao family to the descendants of the Xiao family.
The waist gates built at the gates of these ancient buildings are because the villagers of Wubaotian are simple and kind-hearted. You can achieve the state of "not picking up lost things on the road and never closing the door at night".
Buildings in different eras have different styles. These ancient buildings in Wubaotian Village have both traditional Chinese architectural features and Western-style architectural features. Chinese doors and windows are generally square and square. Western-style doors and windows are round or arched. Buildings with arched windows like this have this feature only after the introduction of Western culture.
The drainage channels in the old courtyard area are hidden under the bamboo stone slabs. The entire village has sewers for discharging sewage from top to bottom. These drainage ditches are built along the fire sealing wall, and the branch ditches of each household gather together. After drying the ditch, it flows down the mountain and is finally discharged at the outlet beside the ditch at the entrance of the village. It allows villagers to go from house to house without getting their shoes wet in the rain. This shows the ingenuity and wisdom of the ancestors of Wubaotian Village in the original planning and construction of the building.
Gujing: Built in the Qing Dynasty, it is made of jade bamboo stones and hidden under the building.
The crystal clear spring water; the sweet spring water nourishes the descendants of the Xiao family.
Tu Tu Temple: Restored in the 7th year of Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, Tu Tu Temple generally refers to an ancestral hall where people from one or several villages worship the God of the Earth together.
Tutu Hall: Built in the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Tutu Hall is a place where families worship the God of Earth in their courtyards. The land god originated from ancient people's worship of land ownership. The land can produce grains and is the "food and clothing parent" of mankind, so people worship the land.
Fubo Temple: During the Guangwu period of the Han Dynasty, General Fubo Ma Yuan pacified the barbarians in western Hunan and won the trust of the people. Later, after General Fubo died of illness on the head of Yuanling Hutou, in order to commemorate his great achievements, the Fubo temples have been built all over western Hunan to commemorate him.
Xiao Hongliang’s former residence: In 1939, Xiao Hongliang, the 31st generation descendant of the Xiao family in Wubaotian and a member of the Communist Party of China, mobilized the large households in Wubaotian to raise the price of fifty barrels of tung oil to bail out a member of the Communist Party of China and an old Red Army member. Cadre Chen Ce is released from prison. In 1949, Xiao Hongliang returned to Wubaotian and sold his property to use as food and salary, thus preserving the vitality of the revolution. After the liberation of Chenxi, Xiao Hongliang served as the head of the supply department of the Xiangxi Column, and worked hard for the army's military supplies and grain collection to support the second field's war in Sichuan. In April 1950, when Xiao Hongliang was 38 years old, he was returning from a meeting at Yuanling Military Headquarters to Huitong. He passed through Lanchong Village, Shawan, Qianyang, and was ambushed by bandits. He died heroically because he was outnumbered.
_Ling Villa
_Ling Villa This ancient building was built in the 18th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1813), with an area of 550 square meters and a height of 7.2 meters. _Ling, a famous city in ancient China. It is said that it was named by Qu Yuan, a doctor of Chu. "_" means the hometown of the holy king, and the mausoleum means the high ground, which means "holy land". The Xiao family was a prominent family in Ling County. It first rose to prominence during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty when Xiao Wangzhi, the minister and crown prince, became the Taifu. However, it fell into decline in more than two hundred years from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. Li Ciming, a famous literary historian in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote in "Yuemantang Study Notes": "The aristocratic families in the Tang Dynasty include the Zheng family in Xingyang, the Pei family in Hedong, the Wei family in Jingzhao, the Li family in Zhaojun, the Xiao family in _Ling, and the Bo family. The six Lingcui clans are the largest. "As for the origin of this family, it is said that it was Xiao Biao, the youngest grandson of Xiao He, the prime minister of the early Han Dynasty. Both "Book of Southern Qi" and "Book of New Tang" record that Xiao Biao was the grandson of Xiao He. After he was dismissed from office, he moved to _Ling, and only then did the _Ling Xiao family come into existence. Xiao Biao became an official in the service, and later he was dismissed and moved to Donghai Ling. It is said that four generations appeared in Ling. The first celebrity of the Xiao family was Xiao Wangzhi, who ranked among the three nobles. This was his great-great-grandson and the seventh son of Xiao He. Grandson.
A villa is a residence used to enjoy life apart from the home. It is a second residence rather than the first residence. Therefore, the meaning of "_Ling Villa" on the door is mainly to reflect Xiao's high pursuit of quality of life.
The Farming Reading House
The Farming Reading House is located in the heart of Wubaotian Village. It is a place where villagers can read poems, books and etiquette after storing grain and farming. Therefore, it is of a higher level than other buildings in the village. The floor plan of the Farming and Reading Institute adopts the well-courtyard style, with a five-bay main building and a roof with a gabled roof. The corners of the roof are gently curved and lightly upturned; the horizontal buildings on the two wings adopt suspended gable roofs. The farming and reading center is surrounded by thick brick walls made of "three-six-nine" bricks, with a solid structure. There are small stone lattice windows on the wall, which were used to resist foreign invasion in the old days; the eaves are intertwined with the volcano sealing wall and are well-proportioned; The front kiss and the raised corners of the house and gables are shaped like birds with spread wings.
This ancient building was built during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, with an area of 730 square meters and a height of 8.2 meters. The stones used in this building are all locally produced jade bamboo stones. This building is a place where the Xiao family adheres to the ancestral motto of "farming, reading and building a family". The house above the farmhouse was used for studying, and the house below was used to store grain and serve as a public warehouse. Before building a farming and reading place, we looked at the feng shui and when deciding on a house site, Mr. Geography once predicted: "In a farming and reading place, readers will become talented and cultivators will become rich." The main building (Baofeng Building), gardens, and playgrounds of the building are used for teaching and educating people; the side buildings, barns, sun-shading buildings, thatched buildings, cattle pens, sun-shading flats, and waterwheels and other buildings and appliances are used for farming. The building's wood carvings and stone carvings are exquisite and ingenious. Legend has it that it took more than ten craftsmen three years to complete. The lintel of the main door is inlaid with fine blue and white porcelain - "Three more than three" plaque. "Three surplus" is quoted from "Wei Lue·Confucian Biography·Dong Yu" privately written by Yu Guan, a doctor in the Wei Dynasty, from the annotation of Pei Song of the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty: "Winter is the remainder of the year, night is the remainder of the day, and rainy weather is the remainder of the hour." . It is said that a scholar wanted to learn from Dong Yu, but he refused to teach, but said to him: "Read it a hundred times first." Dong Yu added: "After reading it many times, you will naturally understand its meaning." The person who asked for advice said: "(What you said makes sense), but I suffer from lack of time." Dong Yu said: "We should use 'Sanyu' 'time.
"Someone asked what "Sanyu" is? Dong Yu said: "In winter, there is not much farm work. This is the free time of the year; at night, when there is no need to work in the fields, this is the free time of the day; on rainy days, when it is inconvenient to go out to work, it is also the free time; "Yu San" refers to the three years of farming. One year's worth of food left over, nine years of farming and three years' worth of food left over, implying diligence and thrift in managing the household in preparation for famine. The couplets on both sides of the gate, "One water protects the fields and brings green crops, two mountains with rows of gates bring green crops" are from Wang Anshi's "Book on the Wall of Mr. Hu Yin" in the Northern Song Dynasty. Legend has it that this wall couplet was written by the first private tutor of Gengdu Institute. As soon as this gentleman came to Wubaotian, he was intoxicated by the pastoral beauty and a brief appreciation of the natural scenery. He saw the winding stream in front of the village surrounded by nearly a hundred acres of green farmland; the two peaks behind the village faced the courtyard, and the mountains were green with pines and bamboos. This is exactly the portrayal of the pastoral beauty of Wubaotian. All the railings and windows of the wooden building of the farming school are carved with various birds, animals and flowers. Especially the "Baofeng Tower" with the round door in the center of the second floor. The wooden windows on both sides of the large round door are carved with auspicious patterns such as "magpie climbing a branch" and "wild deer holding flowers". All the decorative patterns in the Farming and Reading Institute, whether they are stone carvings or wood carvings, are breathtaking in their craftsmanship. This not only shows the rich wealth and pursuit of art of the ancestors of the Xiao family, but also the exquisite and superb skills of the ancients.
New Courtyard Area
The New Courtyard Area was built in the 1970s. It consists of stilted wooden buildings and was built separately from the old courtyard area. Although it was not built very long ago, its materials and style completely continue the characteristics of traditional building methods and are antique. The Yao people are a mountainous ethnic group, and their residences are often built close to mountains and rivers. Their representative works are stilt houses where humans and nature live in harmony. The Yao family's stilted building is "skillful in borrowing, and exquisite in physical fitness." The Yao people strengthened the architectural character based on practicality and environmental characteristics, and freely selected a location with convenient firewood and beautiful scenery. The building is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is not dry or dry. The tide and fresh air make it the best place for Yaoshan people to live. These stilted buildings are integrated into the embrace of nature, infecting people with the beauty of harmony, unity and integration.
Customs and culture of the Yao people
After hundreds of years of living in Yao Township, they have formed their own unique rural customs, such as double suona, overlord whip, singing opera and local characteristics. Unique food culture such as hairy dog meat, blood duck, tadpoles with vegetables, fried grasshoppers, and burned four-legged snakes. During the "Panwang Festival" in October every year, the village houses are cleaned, men, women, old and children dress up and put on festive costumes. First, they offer sacrifices to Panwang, sing Panwang songs, and dance with yellow mud. Inspire and encourage, commemorate the merits of ancestors, and praise the heroic fighting spirit of ancestors. Secondly, celebrate the harvest and reward King Pan. Before spring, people in Yao Township will eat glutinous rice cakes in every household to worship "King Gaopo". According to legend, the Yao people were surrounded by officers and soldiers to Gaopotang. With no way to escape, they were about to be wiped out, but they saw one person stepping on the high slope. One foot was hung down from the high slope into the river to wash his feet. The officers and soldiers fled upon seeing this, and the Yao people were saved. In order to thank the giant for saving his life, he was honored as the King of Gaopo.
Conclusion
The ancient building complex of Wubaotian Village is an outstanding representative of ancient architecture in western Hunan. It embodies the ingenuity and superb skills of our ancestors, and also contains the great morality and culture of leadership. Value; the Farming and Reading Institute has played a major role in improving the overall quality of the descendants of the Xiao family in Wubaotian. Although the ancestors of the Xiao family have passed away from us, the ancestral sayings such as "Three more than three", "Teacher is thrifty and refreshing", "Guodong's family" and so on have left behind ancestral sayings such as "Guodong family" and "Guodong family"." A river of water protects the fields and brings green crops, and two mountains with rows of gates bring green crops." After reading this couplet, we can also understand the realm of "harmony between man and nature" where the people of Wubaotian Village merge with the natural world. "_Ling Villa" shows the glorious history of the Xiao family. The new courtyard confirms the inheritance of traditional building techniques by the descendants of the Xiao family. Wubaotian Village carries the traditional Chinese family system and cultural concepts. These ancient buildings record the living concepts and dignity of life of the Xiao family’s ancestors.
Wubaotian Village: Wubaotian Village