Tokyo Bay, Stinky Bay?
According to the Reference News, in the triathlon men's competition of the Tokyo Olympic Games held on July 26th, many athletes vomited after swimming.
At one time, the discussion about the water quality of Tokyo Olympic Games became the focus on the Internet. Many media, such as Fox News, New York Post, and Russia Today, reported the incident with headlines and photos of triathletes vomiting after the competition.
previously, Japanese media, including Asahi shimbun, claimed that the places where Tokyo Bay held open water swimming and triathlon competitions smelled like toilets, were "smelly water inlets" or "didn't smell like healthy water". Agence France-Presse pointed out that since an iron man competition in 219 was cancelled due to the high level of Escherichia coli, the water quality of Taichang Water Center in Tokyo Bay has been questioned.
Many netizens suspect that the reason for the players' vomiting is the "poor water quality" in the stadium, and some Japanese media think that it is too hot. At present, the official has not given an explanation.
What is the story of Tokyo Bay, a world-famous bay area?
Wen | Gu Yue One Knife
This article is reproduced from WeChat WeChat official account's "Look at the World Magazine" (ID: ksj-worldview). The original text was first published on April 25, 219, and the original title was "Tokyo Port City Story", which does not represent the view of the think tank.
1 uneven "port opening road"
In the real estate field of Tokyo, there is a long chain of contempt, and each of the 23 districts has its own position. What Chiyoda district has royal temperament, Shinjuku district is mixed with good and evil people, and bunkyo-ku residents are highly cultivated, etc. Each district has its own characteristics, but there will always be a "port area" shining at the top of the contempt chain.
this area, which is a collection of Tokyo Tower, high-grade residences, high-grade office buildings, foreign embassies and high-end fashion fronts, has many famous blocks such as Roppongi, Yutaichang, Akasaka, Castle Peak and Platinum, and is called "Tokyo of Tokyo".
"where do you live?" It is one of the favorite questions answered by port residents. When people in Hong Kong pretend to say the word "port area" casually, they will get a set of exaggerated expression packs with the sound effect of "Wow, you are really rich" with the strength that the Japanese like to cooperate with each other.
why is the port area so popular with the rich? This has to be said that the port area is backed by Tokyo Port and the entire Tokyo Bay.
as we all know, the original name of Tokyo is "edo". The so-called Edo literally translates as "the river enters the mouth" (the entrance of the river). In Japanese, "Jiang" can mean sea and lake, and "Edo" can be understood as the meaning of harbor and estuary. At that time, Edo was located on the west side of the estuary of Lany, which was the boundary between Musashi State and Shimonoseki State. This corner of Lany is the main river that flows into Tokyo Bay today.
before the Japanese capital moved, the richest and most active place in Edo area was this area near the port. At that time, the social status of businessmen was not high, because of the convenience of logistics and transactions. Today, wealthy businessmen and celebrities are still willing to gather here, which is the result of the development of Tokyo Port for hundreds of years.
in 1456, Ota Daoguan, the retainer of Sugiyama's family in Fangu, began to build Edo City, and a small port named "Edo CuO" was built at the mouth of Pingchuan River on Edo Qiandao, which was the predecessor of Dongjing Port. After the completion of "Edo CuO", many common people bought and sold daily necessities such as rice, fresh fish and medicine near the wharf, which promoted the trade in this area. In 1612, the Tokugawa shogunate rebuilt Edo-ku and built a large pier there.
in the last years of the Tokugawa shogunate, with the signing of the Treaty of Japan-US Reconciliation of Trade and Industry, Yokohama Port in the east of Kanagawa Prefecture opened smoothly and developed rapidly as a raw silk trading port, a commercial port, a passenger port and an industrial port, and in a short time it became an international port. Yokohama grabbed the limelight of Edo for a while, and Edo failed to open the port.
Indeed, Yokohama is superior to Tokyo in terms of natural conditions for port opening. Yokohama has a deep mouth and is naturally suitable for large ships to dock. At that time, the water level at the Edo estuary was shallow. As a result, the impression that Yokohama is "international" and Edo is "domestic" has gradually been established.
in the meiji period, considering that the capital with its back to Tokyo bay had no port, "Tokyo Port Opening" was finally put on the agenda by the government. The preparation of the estuary of Lany started, and Yuedao and Zhipu became the first man-made land in the port area.
It was the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1932 that really made Tokyo Port quickly built. The earthquake paralyzed land traffic for a time, and Tokyo Port, which was still in its initial development, suddenly became a transportation hub at that time. In order to use waterways to transport materials, the government made every effort to open the port, dig waterways, clean up silt and artificially build land, and successively built three wharves, namely Rizhichu, Zhipu and Zhuzhi. After nine years of construction, Tokyo Port finally ushered in a new life in 1941.
However, the good times did not last long. In December 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor directly ignited the Pacific naval battle with the United States. After Tokyo Port was taken over by the US military, it was basically shut down. Being weaned just after birth, Tokyo Harbor is ill-fated.
during the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union, Japan and the United States gradually turned into allies. After that, Japan's economy continued to soar, bringing strong logistics demand, and Tokyo Port began to exert its real strength. At the end of 196s, the revolution of container logistics swept the major ports in the world. The late-developing Tokyo Port was keenly aware of this trend and took the lead in equipping the port with facilities corresponding to containers.
On the one hand, the distance between the Tokyo business district and the port industrial zone is close, and the outside parts are put on the assembly line as soon as they are transported, and the products can be put on the shelves as soon as they are assembled, thus forming a virtuous cycle of production-consumption-reproduction, and making Japanese-made products become cost-competitive in the world.
On the other hand, container transportation closely links Tokyo Port with the American consumer market on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, and the energy supply in the Middle East with iron ore in Australia, India and Brazil. Especially from the perspective of trans-Pacific shipping routes, Tokyo Bay has the advantage of getting the moon first compared with Kansai, and Tokyo Port is closer to Japan's economic center than Yokohama Port. Therefore, there are more and more ocean-going ships entering and leaving Tokyo Port.
Since 1998, Tokyo Port has finally surpassed Yokohama Port, and the container throughput of foreign trade has reached the first place in Japan. It has a sea area of 5,453 hectares and a land area of 1,8 hectares, with 24 domestic and foreign trade terminals and a total of 115 berths. Among them, there are 4 container terminals (Dajing, Qinghai, Shinagawa and Taichang) and 16 container berths. Nowadays, Yokohama Port on the west bank of Tokyo Bay is often regarded as the outer port of Tokyo.
2 From the port area to the Bay Area
Standing on the Tokyo Tower and overlooking, the neon lights of the city are flashing at night, and the cars are busy, and the houses are placed in the city like matchboxes in rows, which is unforgettable.
Tokyo Bay Area, which is 8km deep and surrounded by the Fangzong Peninsula (Chiba Prefecture) and Miura Peninsula (Kanagawa Prefecture) on the east and west, is connected with the Pacific Ocean through the narrow Puhe Waterway between the two peninsulas and Sagami Bay on the west. The surrounding cities are organically integrated, making it the largest metropolitan area with the largest population and the most perfect urban infrastructure in the world.
The population of Tokyo Bay Area is as high as 41 million, accounting for 1/3 of Japan's national population. In 21, the real GDP of the Bay Area was 198 trillion yen, accounting for 38% of Japan's total GDP, equivalent to Italy's national GDP.
in less than 2 years, Tokyo bay has changed from a logistics center to a top bay area in the world, which has many enlightenments.
at first, the shallow water in Tokyo port restricted the development of logistics, so the government began to reclaim land from the sea and let the wharf extend to the deep water area. With the acceleration of urbanization, the landfill of Tokyo port has become more and more intense. Today, more than 9% of the land near the ocean that you can set foot on in Tokyo Bay is artificial coastline, with a total reclamation area of more than 25 square kilometers.
with the land, the traffic should also be solved. Besides Tokyo Port and Yokohama Port, Tokyo Bay also has four ports: Chiba Port, Kawasaki Port, Yokosuka Port and Kisarazu Port. These ports are managed by the corresponding institutions in their respective regions. Will it cause vicious price competition among ports, increase unnecessary internal consumption of resources and reduce the international competitiveness of the whole Tokyo Bay?
after realizing this problem, the harbor bureau of Japan's Ministry of Transport put forward the Basic Concept of Tokyo Bay Harbor Plan, which organically integrates the above ports through top-level design to form a wide-area harbor to compete with other ports in the world.
The six major ports, together with Haneda and Narita international airports and Tokaido Shinkansen, form a three-dimensional transportation network between Tokyo Bay, Japan and major cities around the world.
People who have been to Tokyo are often impressed by its complicated tram route map. Behind these daunting and complex routes is a sophisticated network layout. The traffic system in Tokyo Bay area has become the object of study and research in rail transit planning in various countries.
industry is the core competitiveness of regional economy. Tokyo develops the Keihin Industrial Zone to the southwest and the Keihin Industrial Zone to the east. The two major industrial zones, namely, Jingbin and Jingyae, extend to both sides of Tokyo Bay respectively. Here, industries such as steel, nonferrous metallurgy, oil refining, petrochemicals, machinery, electronics, automobiles, shipbuilding and modern logistics are concentrated, making it the largest industrial zone in the world.
This layout separates the industrial zone from the large population in the main urban area of Tokyo. The urban area mainly develops finance, research and development, culture, large-scale entertainment facilities and large-scale commercial facilities.
3 If the city is "fragrant", the population will come naturally
The success of Tokyo Bay Area is also the result of the rapid development of urbanization. More precisely, the metropolitan area in Tokyo Bay takes the route of "great urbanization".
an important feature of great urbanization is the huge urban population. In 215, among the megacities in the world, the number one resident population of Tokyo (Tokyo Metropolitan Area) has reached 38 million. In the wave of urbanization, Tokyo and its neighboring counties of Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba have been integrated into one mass, forming the Tokyo metropolitan area, and its population ranks first in the world.
In 19, Tokyo had a population of 1.5 million, ranking only seventh in the world. Fifty years later, despite the war bombing, the population soared to 11.28 million. After that, the population of Tokyo metropolitan area continued to expand, reaching 3 million in 1985. Since then, the population growth rate has slowed down, but it still reached about 38 million in 215.
Globalization has developed very rapidly in the past 3 years, and there are more and more foreigners in Tokyo. Due to the aging of younger children, Japan has also become a developed country with a low immigration threshold. Some came to study abroad, some came to apply for a job, some got married across borders, and some came to live in Tokyo through the introduction of labor.
There are more than 26 higher education institutions in Tokyo Bay Area (Capital Circle), with more than 1.2 million registered college students. Among them, Keio University, Musashi University of Technology and Yokohama National University are well-known research universities in Keihin Industrial Zone.
Large-scale population gathering and large-scale industrial exchanges have made the whole Tokyo Bay full of vitality and vitality, but also brought so-called urban diseases. However, when the population of Tokyo metropolitan area reached 12 million, people once exclaimed that big cities were extremely ill. But when its population reaches 3 million or even close to 4 million, its big city disease is not so obvious. At least, in such a densely populated Tokyo, you can't see the common traffic jams in other big cities.
The reason is that Tokyo has improved its management and operation capabilities under the condition of high-density population gathering, from planning and infrastructure construction to daily management level and capabilities.
Similarly, the development and construction of Tokyo Bay has caused serious environmental pollution. After the war, the coast of Tokyo Bay became an industrial war zone. Heavy polluting enterprises such as steel, chemical industry and shipbuilding discharged waste water into Tokyo Bay, and the large chimneys stood in the forest, making Tokyo unable to see the blue sky. Large-scale land reclamation has also brought damage to the natural environment. After more than 3 years of pollution control efforts, the water in Tokyo Bay became clear, the fish swam back, the sky turned blue, and the port area returned to a quiet and pleasant living environment.
From the dock to the port area and then to the Bay Area, from Edo to Tokyo and then to the Capital Circle, the mouth of Honshu Island on the Japanese island chain has thus become the world's leading metropolitan center.
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