What should we pay attention to in September prenatal education?
This period is prone to accidents, such as abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, elevated blood pressure, decreased fetal movement and so on. Be sure to go to the hospital in time at this time. As the delivery is coming, both pregnant women and husbands should make full preparations for delivery and create good conditions for the birth of the baby.
In this period, we should not relax the prenatal education for the fetus because of the approaching of delivery. At this time, the fetus is well developed, and various prenatal education methods can be used in turn to make the fetus happy and relaxed in the last period of the mother's uterus. The prenatal education that can be carried out in this period includes: emotional prenatal education, music prenatal education, dialogue prenatal education, story prenatal education, touch prenatal education, visual prenatal education and so on.
The performance of pregnant women
In the ninth month of pregnancy, the uterus of pregnant women continues to grow, and the bottom of the uterus is as high as 28 ~ 30 cm. The body becomes heavier and more clumsy, so this is the most uncomfortable period for pregnant women. Due to the aggravation of uterine oppression and crowded heart, pregnant women often feel breathless and their heartbeat becomes intense. When the stomach is compressed, the secretion of digestive juice decreases, which makes pregnant women lose appetite; The compression of bladder makes the frequency of urination more obvious; Secretion is more increased; Even some pregnant women have slight uterine contractions, which is normal.
In addition, because pregnant women in this period are relatively heavy, if they are not careful, they will cause injuries outside the waist, and it is easy to make the lumbar intervertebral disc protrude, so we must pay attention.
Fetal figure
At this time, the fetus has basically matured, with a length of about 42-45 cm and a weight of 2200-2500 grams. Hair, nails and other external parts have grown quite long, and subcutaneous fat has increased, which makes the skin shiny and colorful, smoother than before, and the face is no longer so "vicissitudes". The fetal hair that was originally covered all over the body has gradually faded. The fetus at this time is like a newborn baby.
The internal organs of the fetus are almost completely formed, and the functions of the lungs and gastrointestinal tract have developed, with certain respiratory and digestive functions. If the baby is born prematurely at this time, although it is not big, as long as it is carefully cared for, the baby can grow up healthily in the incubator. At this time, the reproductive organs are basically formed. If it is a baby boy, the testicles have fallen into the scrotum; If it is a baby girl, the labia majora is raised, and the left and right sides are tightly attached together. At this stage, the fetus will drink about 500 ml of amniotic fluid every day and excrete about 500 ml of urine into amniotic fluid.
Although the fetal brain has not been fully formed, it has developed some functions. For external stimuli, it will not only be transmitted to the various sensory organs of the body, but also show like or dislike through facial expressions, which is the proof that the fetus has an "emotional" reaction. From the amniotic mirror, we can clearly see the fetal expression, sometimes like smiling, frowning, and sometimes like crying.
At this point, the fetal movements are more intense. Hands and feet can push up the mother's abdominal wall and even scare her.
Daily life plan
mood
Scientific research has proved that when pregnant women are agitated, the fetal body movement increases, and the number of fetal movements is 3 ~ 10 more than usual. If the fetus is restless for a long time and has excessive physical exertion, the weight at birth is often 0.5- 1 kg less than that of the average baby. Pregnant women quarrel with others, family discord, extreme sadness, depression, bad temper of husband, discord between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, interpersonal tension, etc. , often lead to different degrees of digestive dysfunction after birth, such as vomiting, emaciation, and even dehydration, restlessness, crying and so on.
The stimulation of pregnant women's bad mental state to the fetus often leads to abnormal behavior and personality of the baby. Especially the sudden change of pregnant women's mental state in the third trimester will affect the brain and hypothalamus, lead to the increase of adrenomedullin secretion in the body, and the activity of sympathetic nervous system will also increase significantly. Both adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve can secrete norepinephrine, which leads to the increase of norepinephrine concentration in blood from the usual 30 μ g/ 100 ml to the original 100 times, which will further lead to the increase of heart rate and blood loss per heartbeat. In addition, norepinephrine can also contract smooth muscle, further contract blood vessels and uterus, aggravate hypoxia and hinder fetal brain development. Therefore, for the healthy growth and intellectual development of the fetus, pregnant women must maintain a good attitude to spend this last period.
nutrition
In the ninth month of pregnancy, because the enlarged uterus oppresses the stomach, the digestive function of pregnant women decreases and constipation is prone to occur, so pregnant women must pay attention to the diet arrangement at this time. First of all, we should develop the eating habit of eating less and eating more meals, because pregnant women can't eat too much at once because their stomachs are under pressure. They can eat several times and eat less at a time. Secondly, because there is always too much salt in the diet, carrot paste and lemon juice can be added to the food, which can not only reduce the salt content, but also promote digestion and maintain a balanced nutrition. In addition, eat more potatoes, seaweed and vegetables rich in cellulose to prevent constipation.
When the fetus falls into the pelvis, pregnant women will feel more comfortable and their appetite will return to normal. But be careful not to get fat because of overeating. At this time, the fetus has enough nutrition, even if the mother doesn't eat it, it won't immediately affect his growth and development. At this stage, pregnant women should reserve their physical strength for delivery, eat more food to enhance their physical strength and prepare for delivery.
To ensure the intake of protein, protein in poultry and fish is rich in methionine and taurine, which can adjust the blood pressure level; Protein in soybeans can lower cholesterol, protect the heart and blood vessels, and ensure the development of the fetus. However, pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated with abnormal renal function must control the intake of protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys.
To control fat intake, pregnant women should eat less animal fat, so that the ratio of saturated fatty acids (animal fat) to unsaturated fatty acids (plant fat) in the diet is below 1, which can not only provide essential fatty acids for fetal growth and development, but also increase prostaglandin synthesis, thus eliminating excess fat in the body. Control calorie intake, especially obese pregnant women who are overweight before pregnancy, should keep a balance between calorie intake and consumption, and use less or no candy, snacks, sweet drinks, fried foods and foods with high fat content.
In addition, pregnant women should pay attention to increasing the intake of calcium and zinc, drinking milk, eating soybeans or bean products and seafood every day. Ensure that you consume more than 500 grams of vegetables and fruits every day, and match the types of vegetables and fruits. 2 ~ 4g of edible salt or no more than 10ml of soy sauce. Do not eat bacon and pickles to prevent edema. Don't eat food made of alkali or soda.
Here is an example of daily meal arrangement for pregnant women's reference.
Breakfast: 250ml of milk, 50g of cake made of corn flour and standard flour, and floss10g;
Breakfast: baked sweet potato100g;
Chinese food: rice 150g, carp and auricularia soup 280g (carp 250g, auricularia 30g), shredded kelp 200g (kelp 100g, lean meat100g);
Noon: 250 grams of yogurt;
Dinner: sesame paste roll 100g, sesame paste 20g, white shrimp and green pepper 200g (white shrimp 100g, persimmon pepper 100g), garlic and broccoli 100g.
sports
Women will have a series of physiological changes after pregnancy, which will increase the burden on the heart. Physical exercise can enhance people's heart function, ensure adequate oxygen supply to the fetus, be conducive to fetal development, and relieve symptoms such as low back pain, foot pain, edema of lower limbs, shortness of breath and dyspnea during pregnancy. In addition, when pregnant women exercise, they can improve the muscle blood circulation of the whole body, increase the nutrition of muscle tissue, and make muscles reserve more strength. Enhanced abdominal muscles can prevent fetal dislocation and dystocia caused by abdominal wall relaxation. Strong abdominal muscles, back muscles and pelvic muscles are beneficial to natural delivery. Therefore, pregnant women at this time should not stop exercising because of their heavy body, but should continue to exercise, such as continuing to do maternity exercises and practicing midwifery. Starting from this month, they should also practice midwifery breathing skills.
The breathing skills of midwifery can not only alleviate the pain of uterine contraction, but also actively cooperate with the midwife to make the delivery go smoothly. The specific method is as follows:
Breathing exercise in the first stage of labor: At the beginning of uterine contraction pain, take a deep breath first, and then exhale slowly. Pregnant women practice for 5 seconds, silently say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in their hearts, so that they have a feeling of storing gas in their stomachs, and then exhale slowly bit by bit, either through their mouths or through their noses, and the exhalation time is twice as long as the inhalation time. After pregnant women do this method repeatedly for 4 ~ 5 times, their breathing will gradually become shorter and shallower until they return to their natural state. Then, the pregnant woman continues to breathe slightly until she feels the contractions weaken. Continue to inhale deeply and exhale slowly for 4 ~ 5 times, gradually deepening each time until the contraction stops. Be careful not to blow through your mouth when exhaling, but be sure to exhale. At the end of the first stage of labor, pregnant women's contractions are intensified, and they may feel that their breathing is suppressed or even squeezed, but if they follow the above methods, they will be relieved.
Respiratory movement in the second stage of labor: When the cervix is fully open, pregnant women need to hold their breath. When doing this action, pregnant women should take the posture of lying on their backs, bending their knees, separating their legs, and holding their heads up and holding their chest high. At the beginning of each contraction, pregnant women take a deep breath and hold their breath to push the fetus forward. After the contraction, inhale slowly and increase, and then exhale slowly until the next contraction begins. When the fetus is presented first, the pregnant woman should breathe with her mouth open for a short time, that is, "ha" and "ha". They shouldn't make any noise or exert any force on their bodies. During practice, they should take 30 seconds as the official contraction time, and gradually increase training until they can take 60 seconds as the contraction time.
sleep
The ninth month of pregnancy is the time when the pregnant woman is close to the heaviest body, and it is easy to feel tired, so we must ensure enough rest time. Get at least 8-9 hours of sleep every night, and take a nap 1 ~ 2 hours at noon if possible, so that pregnant women can have a full mental state and sufficient physical strength. But rest doesn't mean lying still or sitting still all day. Besides proper rest, you should also have some exercise time every day.
Sleeping posture often affects the quality of sleep, especially in the third trimester. The posture of pregnant women has an important relationship with the safety of themselves and the fetus. It is necessary to avoid lying on your back for a long time, so as to avoid the enlarged uterus compressing the inferior vena cava, reducing the blood volume and cardiac output, causing hypotension, causing pregnant women to have symptoms such as dizziness, palpitation, nausea, breath holding, pale face, limb weakness, cold sweat, etc. It will also affect the development of the fetus. Generally, lying on the left side can correct and increase the right rotation of the uterus, reduce the oppression of the uterus on the abdominal aorta and iliac artery, improve blood circulation and increase the blood supply of the fetus, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the fetus. When getting up, if the original sleeping position is supine, you should first turn your body to one side, bend your legs and turn your shoulders and hips at the same time, then slowly move to the front of the bed, put your hands on the bed, slide your legs off the bed, sit on the edge of the bed, sit less for a while and then get up slowly.
Treatment of pregnancy accident
This period is a dangerous stage of pregnancy, and some unexpected situations often occur, so pregnant women must pay attention. If the following situations occur, you need to go to the hospital immediately.
Abdominal pain. Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy may have slight irregular uterine contraction, causing abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is irregular, which is normal. However, if the interval of abdominal pain is every 5 ~ 10 minutes and lasts for about 20 seconds each time, it is regular, accompanied by abdominal pain and a small amount of vaginal bloody secretions. Be alert that this is a harbinger of childbirth and you should go to the hospital immediately.
Bloody mucus from vagina is called "seeing red" or "showing blood first". This is due to the change of the cervix, the separation of the fetal membrane near the cervix from the uterine wall, and the result of capillary rupture and bleeding. This is a harbinger of labor, which generally means that labor will begin within 24 to 48 hours. At this time, on the one hand, we should pay attention to keeping the vulva clean, on the other hand, we should go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.
There is a large amount of fluid flowing out of vagina suddenly, like urine, continuously, sometimes for a long time, which may be premature rupture of membranes. It often occurs in cough, abdominal trauma, sexual life, twins, polyhydramnios, abnormal fetal position and so on, which leads to increased bureaucratic pressure. Premature rupture of membranes can cause intrauterine asphyxia and prolong the labor process. After the rupture of fetal membrane, the chance of upward infection increases and the risk of umbilical cord prolapse increases. At this time, pregnant women should lie on their backs and be sent to the hospital in time by others on stretchers or ambulances.
Headache, dizziness, sudden increase of blood pressure, vaginal bleeding and no abdominal pain. This may be caused by abnormal placenta position. If abdominal pain occurs, it may be early placental abruption and must be admitted to hospital immediately.
The number of fetal movements decreased gradually. The number of fetal movements of 12 hour is calculated by counting the number of fetal movements of 1 hour at a fixed time every morning, noon and evening, and multiplying three fetal movements by four. Generally, the fetal movement is not less than 10 times/12 hours. If the number of fetal movements decreases, or fetal movements are not felt in 12 hours, this is the performance of intrauterine hypoxia and must be admitted to hospital immediately. The fetal heart rate is too fast or too slow, exceeding 120 times or lower than 120 times per minute, and the fetal heart rate is irregular or weakened, indicating that the situation is critical.
What does a husband need to do?
Because this period is close to the expected date of delivery, the husband should make full preparations for delivery. The pregnancy of a wife is a matter for both husband and wife, and it is also the most important thing for a family. In the whole process, the husband should play an active role, and his participation and spiritual support are very important for the pregnant wife. If both husband and wife have sufficient knowledge preparation and psychological preparation, they will be more confident and support each other more effectively.
First of all, we should care about our wife emotionally as before, determine the beds in the hospital, arrange the transportation to send our wife to the hospital, and tidy up the clothes and appliances of mother and child. Secondly, we should comfort our wife ideologically. For many first-time mothers, while expecting the baby to be born, they will also be full of worries and fears about childbirth. At this time, it is necessary for the husband to have a dialogue with his wife to eliminate this fear. In addition, the husband should also go to the prenatal class to learn some methods to relieve his wife's mental stress, such as giving her a massage, and also helping her practice midwifery and breathing skills.
In short, a husband can help his wife more effectively only if he really understands the physiological and psychological changes brought about by pregnancy. In addition, we should make full preparations for delivery, what to prepare for the second hospitalization, and go to the hospital to ask about the mode of transportation, hospitalization expenses and emergency measures to deal with emergencies. The most important thing is to make financial preparations and set aside enough funds for all kinds of expenses required by the wife's childbirth, as well as the cost of supplementing nutrition for his wife and children.
warn
At this time, it is very inconvenient for pregnant women to move. If they move a little, they will feel their heartbeat. They should pay more attention to rest, but in order to give birth smoothly, they should also carry out appropriate activities, such as doing some simple housework. Pay attention to taking a long bath and doing some actions for a long time in daily life. Due to the increase of various secretions, vulva is easily polluted, so it should be cleaned every day, underwear should be changed frequently, and attention should be paid to keeping it clean.
Prenatal check-ups should be conducted every two weeks. In addition, when you have symptoms such as leg swelling, headache and nausea, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. In this month, the risk of pregnancy poisoning is increasing, so we should pay attention to controlling the sharp increase of weight, especially the bleeding and water breakthrough of placenta previa. If there is sudden bleeding and amniotic fluid flows out, you should be admitted to the hospital immediately.
During this period, we should be prepared for delivery and hospitalization, both physically and psychologically. Women in the workplace should start taking maternity leave at this time to welcome the baby in the best physical and mental state. Women who want to continue working after childbirth should discuss with their husbands in advance how to take care of their children after childbirth. If they want to be taken care of, they'd better find an experienced nanny. If it is convenient, you can also ask your parents to take care of you, but don't rely too much on your parents. After full preparation, even if there are signs of labor before the expected date of delivery, you will not panic.
Prenatal education content
Emotional prenatal education
Due to the arrival of delivery at this time, many pregnant women will be extremely nervous and full of fear of delivery, which will have a certain impact on the fetus and is not conducive to the development of the fetus. In fact, pregnant women can completely put down this unnecessary psychological burden, because pregnancy is a normal physiological process, from "one in two" during pregnancy to "one in two" during childbirth is as natural as a ripe melon, and there is no need to be too nervous about it. As a physiological process, pain during childbirth is inevitable. Pain is the first "massage" of the newborn's body after coming into this world, and its degree is affordable to most people. Emotional relaxation can also help to give birth naturally and relieve the pain during childbirth.
In addition, various inspection indicators during pregnancy may not be normal every time, so don't live in fear for an abnormality. Do things you are interested in, such as walking, listening to music and distracting yourself.
Music prenatal education
This issue of music prenatal education is the same as before. In a quiet environment, pregnant women concentrate, use rich associations and listen to music with the fetus. Choosing light, soft and beautiful music can not only adjust the mood of pregnant women, but also edify the fetus artistically. It is best to use special microphones, headphones or external speakers. It is best to put the microphone directly above the abdomen and fix it with a belt. The sound is about 60 decibels, which is equivalent to the alto in the radio. If you play music with a tape recorder, the tape recorder can be placed about 0/.0 meters away from pregnant women. The speaker faces the abdomen, and it is best not to cover the abdomen with clothes. Louder but not too loud, it can be 65 ~ 75 decibels.
Dialogue prenatal education
Parents often talk to the fetus, which can promote the good development of language and intelligence after the fetus is born. There are many subjects of language prenatal education. Parents can take popular science knowledge in daily life as a topic, or combine it with counting fetal movements, or their father can draw up the routine content of language prenatal education to tell it. For example, a mother mumbles a day's life to a fetus. The first thing she said when she got up in the morning was, "Good morning, my cutest little baby!" " "Open the window, he said," ah! The sun rises ... "and so on. You can also count fetal movements through the mother's high concern for the fetus, enrich the imagination of fetal position, and vividly describe fetal movements: "This is the head hitting the palace wall and practicing the head work; This is a kick, a big step, a shot ... "I cheered and encouraged while communicating, which not only enhanced the emotional communication between mother and child, but also monitored the fetal movement. It is found that the fetus is sensitive to the father's voice, so the father should also play his role in prenatal education. For example, a father can choose a simple ancient poem, a pure nursery rhyme and a touching experience to tell the fetus. Such rich and vivid language is certainly good for the fetus.
Prenatal education story
Story prenatal education can not only promote the healthy development of the fetus, but also cultivate children's rich imagination, originality and enterprising spirit, so parents must attach importance to story prenatal education. At this time, although the fetus has hearing, the fetus receives language not through the ear, but through the brain. Therefore, when telling a story, parents must pay attention to pouring their feelings into the plot of the story, so that the fetus can understand how the story unfolds through the change of tone. You can use your imaginative brain to enlarge the fantasy world displayed on every page of the book and pass it on to the fetus, thus promoting the healthy growth of the fetus' mind. The content of the story should be rich and colorful, as long as it is suitable for the growth of the fetus. For example, you can choose a story that advocates courage, ideals, happiness and love, or you can choose a story full of fantasy.
Touch prenatal education
At this time, most cells on the fetal body surface have the ability to receive information, and can feel the stimulation in vitro through the tactile nerve, and the response is gradually sensitive. Therefore, a pregnant woman or her husband gently stroking the fetus on the abdominal wall of a pregnant woman can stimulate the fetal touch and promote the development of fetal sensory nerves and brain. Touch starts from the fetal head, and then goes along the back to the buttocks to the limbs, gently and orderly. This kind of prenatal education can be carried out from the time of fetal movement after 20 weeks of pregnancy, and should be carried out in the third trimester, every night before going to bed, and it is appropriate to touch it for 5 ~ 10 minutes each time. If the fetus is unhappy with the stimulation of touching, it will break free or respond by kicking. At this time, parents should stop touching. If you touch the fetus, it will take some time to react with slight peristalsis. In this case, you can continue to touch.
Touching can be combined with fetal movement counting and language prenatal education, which not only implements perinatal health care, but also makes the life of parents and fetuses interesting. Nobel Tis, a French psychologist, believes that both parents can communicate with the fetus in the uterus through touching actions and sounds, which can make the fetus feel safe and make the child feel comfortable and happy.
Visual prenatal education
Fetal vision develops late. In the ninth month of pregnancy, the fetus has responded to light, but at this time, the fetus can't see anything, because the optic nerve and retina of the fetus are not yet mature, and strong light will stimulate the eyes of the fetus and make the fetus feel uncomfortable. Therefore, if the pregnant woman's abdomen is irradiated with strong light, in order to avoid being stimulated by light, the fetus will turn its face to one side or close its eyelids. Stimulating less light can give the fetal brain a moderate period of light and shade, stimulate the development of the brain, make the fetus blink and turn its head to the position of the light source with interest.
Therefore, at this time, mild prenatal education should be given to the fetus, that is, from the 36th week of pregnancy, when the fetus wakes up (fetal movement), the dim light of the flashlight should be used to illuminate the pregnant woman's abdomen, so as to train the fetal circadian rhythm, that is, to sleep at night and wake up at day, and to promote the healthy development of the fetal visual function and brain. You can have mild prenatal education before getting up every morning and after watching news broadcast and weather forecast every night, so as to form a good habit of getting up early and studying at night. A Japanese prenatal education expert said: As long as the prenatal education method is proper, babies with extraordinary brain power can be born. But it is not light that stimulates the fetus, and it will definitely give birth to smart children. For the fetus, his favorite brightness is the faint light that passes through the maternal abdominal wall and enters the uterus. When you go for a walk in the park on a sunny day, you can put your hand on your stomach and gently say to your baby, "Little one, do you know how good the weather is now?" The right amount of light and the gentle voice of the mother are a comfortable stimulus to the upcoming fetus.