What is the relationship between man and nature? Urgent!
1. The relationship between man and nature 27-11-1 12:1 The relationship between man and nature
Lu Keqian
The relationship between man and nature reflects the interaction between human civilization and natural evolution. The survival and development of human beings depend on nature, and it also affects the structure, function and evolution of nature. The relationship between man and nature is mainly reflected in three aspects:
First, there is an integration between man and nature
As a biological species, human beings are indeed a part of nature, and human life activities always follow the laws of nature. In the long-term evolution of nature, human beings have formed intelligence beyond other species and established an extremely complex and rigorous social organization system. Although compared with other living things and inanimate matter, human beings have many different characteristics, especially a high degree of initiative and creativity, but human beings themselves are the result of the long-term evolution of nature, and have always maintained the exchange of material, energy and information with nature. Without human beings, nature still exists, that is, nature does not depend on human beings; But human beings can only survive in a certain natural environment, that is, human beings always depend on nature.
Second, the influence and function of human beings on nature
Human beings have an important influence and function on nature, including demanding resources and space from nature, enjoying the service functions provided by the ecosystem, and discharging wastes into the environment;
Third, the influence and reaction of nature to human beings
Nature can react to human beings and its influence, including the restriction of resources and environment on human survival and development, and the negative impact of natural disasters, environmental pollution and ecological degradation on human beings.
human society is constantly developing in the process of understanding, utilizing, transforming and adapting to nature. The historical evolution of the relationship between man and nature is a spiral rising process from harmony to imbalance and then to new harmony. Marx once said: "The complete and essential unity between man and nature is the real resurrection of nature". Constantly pursuing the harmony between man and nature and realizing the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of human society is the value orientation and ultimate destination of human beings.
to fundamentally realize the relationship between man and nature from conflict to harmony, we must abandon the traditional concept of economic development, actively develop ecological economy, and strive to achieve economic ecologicalization. The so-called economic ecologicalization refers to the establishment, popularization and application of a technical system that is in harmony with the environment, a dynamic monitoring and forecasting and early warning system that can timely and accurately collect and process information about the environment and development, a market price signal system that can sensitively reflect the economic consequences of changes in natural resources and their various functions, a code of conduct system that can guide people to live in harmony with nature, and a democratic and scientific comprehensive decision-making system for the environment and development. In short, economic ecologicalization is a process in which human economic activities meet the requirements of ecological laws and become ecologically reasonable. Its essence and core content is: the process of gradually integrating the material metabolism between man and nature and its products caused by the economic process based on labor into the material metabolism of the natural ecosystem itself in a relatively balanced, harmonious, smooth and smooth way. Therefore, only by developing ecological economy can we completely overcome the sharp confrontation between man and nature, realize the harmonious development between man and nature, and realize the unity of man and nature again.
2. The relationship between man and nature, excluding all dogmatic and conceptual definitions and induction, what is left?
There is no doubt that we live in the embrace of nature, and in the process of taking from nature, we also feed back to nature with our own thoughts and actions derived from them. In some traditional sayings, it is believed that labor is the main symbol that distinguishes people from other natural creatures. But in fact, people are human because they know how to think. It is precisely because of the connectivity and communication of ideas that people can establish a seemingly metaphysical but real and hidden connection with nature. This kind of connection is different from other creatures' passive adaptation to the surrounding environment, with strong subjectivity and initiative.
It is said that spiritual things are interlinked. Tao Yuanming can "pick chrysanthemums under the hedge and see Nanshan leisurely"; Li Yishan can "leave the residual lotus to listen to the rain"; Su Dongpo can "throw stones through the air, storm the waves and roll up thousands of piles of snow" ... Is this nature creating literature, or is the meaning of life close to nature? A harp is flowing in the mountains, inviting friends and pines to enjoy it. When people pin their spiritual existence on mountains and rivers, they also get a vast natural living space. Much of China's knowledge in ancient times was based on the thinking of the relationship between man and nature: the evaluation of human spiritual integrity by the way of "morality"; The exploration of geomantic environment in Zhouyi: The rise, development and growth of pastoral poetry; Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties dispelled wars and power struggles ... The relationship between man and nature is like a river flowing with the development of history. The more human beings develop, the more obvious and profound this relationship is reflected in the historical track.
Therefore, I don't want to keep my eyes and arguments simply on the material level. If there is no harmony between human nature and nature in the depth of thought and spiritual concept, all the "sustainable development" and "recycling" are ridiculous farce like "planting trees with one hand and cutting down trees with the other". The spiritual fit is certainly not simple technical, mechanical or economical. Too superficial and superficial behavioral pursuit can only make us perform the kind of comedy and ridicule described in Modern World. It should be as elegant and quiet as the temple statue in ancient Greece and the chime zither in the ancient Warring States period, which dispels the natural return of utilitarian and superficial human souls.
In fact, the slogan of protecting the environment and saving nature has been shouted for many years, but do people really realize the importance of nature protection? Secular and very practical utilitarianism has led to the fact that human beings have to go through the pain of the skin before groaning like a Hanhao bird to make a nest. The flood has flowed for several years and resisted for several years; Drought has been fighting for several years, and it has been dry for several years. The means for human beings to save themselves in disasters have to be said to be huge: the cutting-edge science, the classic theory, the epic wave upon wave, and the epic ... What have these changed? What can it change? The relationship between man and nature, after nature is getting tired of human beings who are getting farther and farther away from themselves, the result is the flood mentioned in the Bible, which cleanses its own arms. Perhaps, what really makes us sad is that by that time, even the opportunity of Noah's ark will not be given to us by God. When desire becomes a banner held high by our times and society, and we can't help looking at it and following it, material and utility will easily deconstruct the meaning of the soul, and depravity and sadness, decadence and disappointment are the universal and natural psychological state of contemporary people. On such a spiritual level, how can the relationship between man and nature be perfect, harmonious, interdependent and complementary?
of course, in dealing with the relationship between man and nature, I'm not denying the use of advanced science and technology and the use of natural science that has gradually improved. I just want to appeal to people that it's time to get rid of the arrogance without confidence, the arty narcissism, the decadent selfishness and the spiritual desolation numbed by material and utility, so that the soul can return to peace and enter nature.
The perfect expression of the relationship between man and nature, which was born under the traditional civilization of China, is often understood as being associated with the small-scale peasant economy. We should find a conceptual category of its reference significance to the relationship between man and nature under our current industrial civilization. I didn't want to say this word, because "harmony between man and nature" has been overused in recent years. Now that I'm talking about it, I think I should clarify some misunderstandings about this word. "Harmony between Heaven and Man" is actually a spiritual realm, which is not limited to a certain school. Confucianism has it, Taoism is also very prominent, and Zen Buddhism is equally profound. Such an idea was originally infiltrated into art, and it has a long history in the form of architecture, calligraphy, painting, poetry and other artistic forms with ancient Chinese civilization. I don't quite agree with people's understanding and interpretation of "harmony between man and nature" being bound and limited to the social form of feudal small-scale peasant economy, so it is too practical and direct to judge that it is no longer suitable for current life and civilization. However, it is precisely the cultural thought of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, represented by the "harmony between man and nature", which is a magnificent treasure that our whole nation has been studying continuously for 3, years.
the significance of "the unity of man and nature" lies in its fuzziness, unpredictability, indefiniteness and mystery. Because it is through these characteristics that such an idea secretly conforms to the characteristics of nature. Isn't nature in our eyes revealed to us with such characteristics? Who can clap his chest and say that the nature in my eyes is clear, coherent and logical, as tightly connected as a screw and a screw cap? People are not humble. When nature is approaching us step by step, what we think of is not to continue to maintain a heart of awe and sincerity, but to self-righteous to break the balance quietly implied between man and nature. As a result, it is bound to lose the meaning of nature itself in our hearts and minds. What is eternal is classical, and what is lasting is nature. In the continuous development of civilization, what can shock our hearts should not be the occasional five million; It shouldn't be a wonderful NBA game, so what should it be?
The relationship between man and nature should not be a cultural phenomenon to gain economic benefits; Nor should it stay on the sustainable development of human beings and the driving factors of natural science and technology for natural recycling. It's time for us to change our perspective. What does nature teach us? Is to turn people into machines or computers? Or become blue sky or white clouds?
Finally, I want to end this article with a comparison: When the World Trade Center, the symbol of post-industrial civilization wealth, collapsed under the impact of the evil human nature alienated by the civilized form it represented, let us look to the mountains and green waters in Tianfu Basin, which benefited Dujiangyan water conservancy project, a hot land for thousands of years. Pure material pursuit brings about instant collapse and extinction; The simple flowing water is accompanied by enduring honor and praise in the long river of history. Only the latter is the classic of "harmony between man and nature" and the perfection of man and nature.
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