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It’s a “heavy snow” day. The strongest cold air since autumn is here!

In the first few days of this week, many people were wearing singlets or even short-sleeves. According to the weather forecast, the temperature in Guangzhou will plummet significantly on Friday. Then it gets colder day by day, with the lowest temperature dropping to single digits! However, it’s not over yet. From the 11th to the 12th (that is, early next week), the cold weather will still remain in Guangdong Province!

Experience spring, summer, autumn and winter in one week, this week.

Guangzhou Daily Health Appointment thoughtfully prepared a micro-lecture by famous doctors before the cold air arrived. Experts who enjoy special government allowances from the State Council, Vice President and Chief Physician of Guangzhou No. 12 People’s Hospital Feng was invited to share nasopharyngeal health knowledge with fans.

[Click here if you want to see the review]

This micro class has been watched by more than 250,000 people on various platforms! It can be seen that everyone's noses and throats have not been "safe" recently: when the weather is dry, the nostrils are so hot that they feel like they are about to explode, and there is a small bug in the throat. No matter how you clear your throat, you feel uncomfortable.

The weather is about to cool down, and it is foreseeable that a large number of people will start to have clogged noses. After children catch a cold, their noses will not stop running, which makes parents feel even more anxious...

The nose is a

"heating and humidification filter"

Why is the nose particularly sensitive to the outside world?

It can always be sensitive to changes in the weather. ?

Yu Feng explained that this is because the nose itself is powerful. In addition to breathing and smelling functions, the nose also has several major functions:

Warming

The cold air is heated through the nasal cavity, throat, and trachea, and can reach 36 degrees Celsius when it reaches the lungs. Around ℃. Patients with allergic rhinitis who are sensitive to temperature changes are prone to continuous sneezing and runny nose when cooling down or getting up in the morning. "If you know that the temperature will drop tomorrow, patients with allergic rhinitis can take some antihistamine and anti-allergic drugs one night in advance to reduce symptoms caused by temperature changes."

Humidification

The human body requires air humidity between 40% and 70%. When dry air is inhaled, the nasal cavity is also responsible for humidifying the air. When the air is dry, the humidity in the nasal cavity is insufficient, and the nose will feel dry and itchy. The weather is dry in autumn, and the nasal mucosa loses water and becomes thinner and easier to rupture, leading to nosebleeds.

Filtering

Under normal circumstances, the nose also has a filtering effect on germs in the air. The nasal cavity secretes immunoglobulin, interferon, lysozyme, etc., just like an air conditioner filter, adsorbing, depositing and dissolving germs in the mucus, making the air sterile when it reaches the lungs.

Promote sleep

What is not well known is that the nose actually has the function of promoting sleep. "Under normal circumstances, a person's two nostrils are not the same size, and they always take turns to 'change the job' every 2 to 7 hours. Sometimes this side is more ventilated, sometimes that side is more ventilated. When sleeping at night, this function promotes the body to turn over , avoid staying in the same position for a long time, so slight nasal congestion is considered normal," Yu Feng said.

Brushing teeth frequently is good for the throat

The throat is also another area that is easily affected when it is cold and dry. Yu Feng said that the relative air humidity of 45% to 65% makes the human body feel most comfortable and is also the least conducive to the growth of germs. When the air humidity is too low, germs and airborne particles adhere to the pharyngeal mucosa, and the human body will feel irritated by foreign bodies and always want to cough. At this time, it is recommended to drink small amounts of water frequently. Warm water can moisturize and cleanse. Therefore, when someone tells you to "drink more water" when you are sick, it is not just a painless reminder!

Yu Feng reminded that brushing teeth frequently is not only beneficial to protecting teeth, but also beneficial to throat health, because it can promptly remove food residues and bacteria in the mouth.

In addition to brushing your teeth in the morning and evening,

Those who have the habit of taking a lunch break should also brush their teeth before taking a lunch break.

In addition, the cleaning function of the nose can only remove larger particles, but PM2.5 in cigarettes can reach the throat, trachea, and lungs through the nasal cavity. Therefore, avoiding smoking and second-hand smoke is also an important rule to protect your throat.

Know more about allergic rhinitis

Not all allergens may be detected

The absorption of nasal hormones is minimal when used at 8 o'clock in the morning

From Judging from the questions collected from the fan group before this micro class, at least half of the questions were about allergic rhinitis or similar symptoms. Yu Feng said that the onset of allergic diseases is affected by both innate factors and environmental factors. In the past two decades, the incidence rate has increased across the country. According to incomplete statistics, the incidence of allergic diseases in Guangzhou ranks among the highest in the country.

If you have frequent sneezing, watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion and itching, and the doctor finds that the nasal mucosa is pale, you can basically determine that you have allergic rhinitis. If allergic rhinitis attacks more than 4 days a week for more than four weeks, or if the attack affects life or work, it is considered serious and it is recommended to seek treatment. "If allergic rhinitis is not controlled in time and correctly, the symptoms will definitely get worse and worse." In serious cases, if it continues from the nose to the throat and trachea, it may require lifelong medication.

”

Many patients especially want to know if allergic rhinitis is recurring. Is there a way to cure it? Yu Feng said that humans have not yet found a “radical cure” for allergic diseases, but most of them can. It is well controlled.

First of all, you can use the method of avoiding allergens. You can go to the hospital for allergen testing. If the allergens are found, such as pollen and dust mites, you should avoid them in your life. Note that any substance may cause allergic reactions. If you have allergic rhinitis but the allergen cannot be found in the hospital examination, it may be that the allergen is not within the scope of the test.

At the same time, formal treatment must be sought. Hospitals and regular medication "will definitely yield results." Yu Feng said that there are many options for treating allergic rhinitis, such as intranasal sprays, antihistamines, anti-leukotrienes, and desensitization treatments. Allergic rhinitis has cycles. Patients must follow the doctor's advice. Even if they have no symptoms, they must insist on taking medication according to the doctor's prescribed course of treatment to truly alleviate the condition. ”

Many people, especially parents of children with rhinitis, have concerns about nasal hormones. Yu Feng explained that nasal hormones are the first-line medication for allergic rhinitis and have recently been added to the national essential medicine list. It has been proven that it is very safe when used properly. If you are very worried about the effects, you can use it around 8 a.m. at this time, when the body's hormone secretion is strong and the absorption of external hormones is minimal.

Allergic rhinitis and colds.

Can’t tell the difference?

Cool weather can easily induce allergic rhinitis, but it can also cause colds. Yu Feng reminds that both can cause sneezing, runny nose, and nasal congestion. Similar symptoms, but there is a simple way to distinguish them:

The symptoms of allergic rhinitis come and go quickly, and they will attack when encountering allergens, but generally not more than half a day;

And the cold has It usually takes 5 to 7 days to recover after a certain course of the disease.

If you have allergic rhinitis and you take cold medicine, although the cold medicine may also contain antihistamine ingredients that can reduce allergic symptoms, other ingredients will not. It is a "waste".

The treatment of allergic rhinitis has been introduced above. What should be done if it is a cold? According to Yu Feng, cold is "acute rhinitis" in otolaryngology. "Most of them are viral infections. In the early stages of the disease, you can take isatis root, drink more boiled water, supplement vitamin C, etc. Most of them can be cured on their own. You don't need to go to the hospital to see a doctor or have a blood test as soon as you catch a cold, and don't eat it as soon as you catch a cold. Antibiotics.

Is it difficult to "stop" nasal discharge after a cold?

Be careful of sinusitis

However, if the cold symptoms continue to worsen for more than 10 days, or appear Yellow-green purulent nasal discharge, ear pain, etc., at this time, it is necessary to see a doctor in the hospital, combined with routine blood tests, to see if there is a bacterial infection, and consider antibiotic treatment.

Yu Feng reminded that children should be treated with antibiotics. It has unique physiological structure characteristics and a relatively imperfect immune system. Acute suppurative otitis media, sinusitis, and pharyngitis are more common after a cold. Among them, sinusitis may cause a child to have a runny nose and a cough that is difficult to "stop".

< p>Yu Feng said that some sinusitis is caused by a cold (i.e. acute rhinitis) causing inflammation of the adjacent sinuses, and some is caused by a deviated nasal septum and nasal cavity development problems. However, as long as the cause is clear and regular treatment is given, most of them can be cured. Good.

The treatment methods for sinusitis are different for children of different ages. Sinusitis can also be relieved with age, so parents should not hear about other children’s treatment methods, but should bring them with them. Children should go to a regular hospital for examination and treatment. A simple nasal endoscopy can help understand the condition of the nasal cavity and sinuses.