What is the background of the first motorcycle in China?
"It was a memory of youthful heroism and passion, so that although I have entered the octogenarian, my memory of the first motorcycle Changjiang 750 in New China is still so vivid." Li Xueqian, a retired cadre of Nanchang Hongdu Group, was one of the leaders of the first motorcycle development group in New China in that year. He recalled the bits and pieces more than half a century ago and told reporters about the exciting and little-known past behind the birth of the first motorcycle in New China-Changjiang 750.
Li Xueqian deeply recalled the past of early motorcycles.
The first motorcycle was of German descent.
In the early days of the founding of New China, military and civilian motorcycles were light industrial products urgently needed for national economic construction. 1in March, 957, the central government officially assigned the task of producing the first motorcycle in New China to Jiangxi Hongdu Machinery Factory.
Li Xueqian, former deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Hongdu Machinery Factory and then president of the technical school of Hongdu Machinery Factory, told the reporter that Hongdu Machinery Factory produced the first motorcycle in new China from the M-72 tricycle copied from the former Soviet Union. Soviet-style M-72 tricycle was formerly a military tricycle developed by Germany during the First World War. This motorcycle has high horsepower and good off-road performance. Later, the former Soviet Union made a lot of technical improvements based on this motorcycle prototype and became a motorcycle with superior performance at that time, that is, the M-72 tricycle of the Soviet Union.
Li Lao recalled that in order to copy the first motorcycle in new China according to the prototype of M-72 tricycle as soon as possible, Hongdu Machinery Factory set up a motorcycle development workshop code-named "50", which was responsible for welding, assembly, testing and manufacturing of some parts. The technicians are fitters, turners and welders temporarily transferred from different positions in the factory, and the production equipment is only a few ordinary machine tools.
"Including myself, most people's understanding of motorcycles is blank. To produce the first motorcycle in New China, we adopted the method of learning by doing. " Li Lao told reporters that at the beginning of May, 1957, only the prototype of the Soviet M-72 three-wheeled motorcycle arrived at Hongdu Machinery Factory, without any drawings and related materials. They thought of a "stupid" way. First of all, they removed the parts of this prototype one by one, and carried out intense physical mapping on hundreds of parts. In less than two months, all the drawings of Soviet-style M-72 three-wheeled motorcycle were mapped. By mid-July, the process regulations and equipment were formulated according to the physical measurement drawings. Li Lao said: "Because there are many parts with strange shapes on motorcycles, the processing and production of these parts need special tools. At that time, we only had a few conventional machine tools, so many parts were hammered out by hand. In addition to the engine, hundreds of key components are almost all handmade, and the difficulty is unimaginable now! "
According to Li Lao's recollection, in the middle of February in 65438+, the first Soviet-style M-72 tricycle in New China was assembled in Hongdu Machinery Factory. After various performance tests, it meets the design requirements, and it is named Changjiang 750, which is also the first military-side three-wheeled motorcycle in New China. "After the Yangtze River 750 three-wheeled motorcycle was produced, it was quickly sent to participate in the first civilian product exhibition and won a major civilian product trial production award!" Li Lao said excitedly.
Megatron off-road racing First National Games
"The first off-road motorcycle in New China started with the improvement of the Yangtze River 750." Li Lao told reporters that shortly after the success of improving the off-road performance of the Yangtze River 750 three-wheeled motorcycle, they received an urgent task from the Ministry of Aviation Industry-the first National Games will be held in Beijing in June19591KLOC-0/,and 50 Yangtze River 750 off-road racing must be manufactured and delivered to Beijing before this.
After receiving the news that Changjiang 750 motorcycle will participate in the first National Games, the whole factory is full of excitement and encouragement. After repeated tests and experiments, all the performances of 50 Changjiang 750 motorcycles manufactured for the competition have reached the best state. Moreover, in order to better ensure the safety factor of riders during the race, these 50 Changjiang 750 motorcycles have been boldly improved in structure.
"Many tiny places are repeatedly thought and tested by our technicians. It can be said that when these 750 Yangtze River races were handed over to motorcycles, we were full of confidence! " Li Lao said.
1959165438+1On October 23rd, the first National Games of New China hosted by Marshal He Long was held in Beijing. At that time, a news from Beijing spread quickly in the factory: the wonderful performance of Changjiang 750 motorcycle in the competition was highly praised by the state leaders and won cheers from the audience. This is also the first time that the Changjiang 750 motorcycle has appeared in public. This heroic motorcycle rider and Changjiang 750 motorcycle immediately appeared in various albums and posters, and together they became heroic memories in people's minds, especially young people. As a result, the majestic posture and name of the first motorcycle in New China-Changjiang 750 quickly spread all over the country.
"Alarm" Peng Zhen
1at the end of 957, shortly after the first batch of Changjiang 750 motorcycles entered Beijing, Liu Ding, then vice minister of aviation, visited the factory to inspect the motorcycle production. "As soon as Vice Minister Liu saw my face, he told me seriously that something happened to the Yangtze River 750 in Beijing, which alarmed Peng Zhen!" Li Lao said that he was really nervous at that time as if his heart was about to jump into his throat. Can he not be nervous? Peng Zhen was taken aback, this disaster must be too big!
"The next thing I know is a false alarm!" Li Lao explained that Liu Ding, the vice minister, had sold him a prisoner. The thing is, one day on Chang 'an Avenue in Beijing, after a Changjiang 750 motorcycle hit a bus tram, the motorcyclist was in a hurry and turned around as soon as he stepped on the gas pedal! Things later somehow spread to Peng Zhen. Peng Zhen spoke highly of the performance of Changjiang 750, the first motorcycle in New China, in an interview with the leaders of the Aviation Department, and jokingly told Liu Ding, vice minister of the Aviation Department, that the Changjiang 750 produced by Hongdu Machinery Factory was so powerful that it crashed the tram and ran away without a trace! Peng Zhen's words made everyone present laugh.
Changjiang 750 trademark lawsuit
It is a well-known fact that the first motorcycle Changjiang 750 in New China was born in Hongdu Machinery Factory. However, the reporter learned in the interview that there is a little-known trademark lawsuit behind the Yangtze River 750.
Li Man Xue Qian Sr. explained the matter to reporters. Shortly after the Soviet-style M-72 motorcycle was initially trial-produced in the fifth workshop of Hongdu Machinery Factory, the fifth workshop received the task of participating in the development of Qiang5 aircraft, so the further development of M-72 motorcycle was transferred to the technical school of the factory. The first batch of motorcycles in technical school was named "Changjiang" brand when it was developed, and named Changjiang 750 according to its fuel tank capacity of 750 ml.
"At that time, we designed a trademark pattern for Changjiang 750. The first batch of Changjiang 750 delivered to the General Logistics Department had already been labeled with trademark patterns, but at that time, everyone's awareness of trademark ownership was still very weak. I didn't expect to register the trademark of Changjiang 750." Li Lao said that it was precisely because the trademark of Changjiang 750 was not registered that there was a subsequent trademark dispute. After the "Cultural Revolution", some technicians who produced Changjiang 750 motorcycles in Hongdu Machinery Factory were sent to Nanchang Aviation School, and some were sent to the countryside. Later, with the help of these motorcycle technicians, Aviation School began to produce motorcycles, which were named and registered as Ganjiang 750. "In fact, the Ganjiang 750 motorcycle is completely the technology of the Yangtze River 750, which can be said to be the original copy of the Yangtze River 750. So we didn't want to, and hit the' lawsuit' to the Ministry of Aviation. " Li Lao told reporters that later, the Ministry of Aviation Industry came forward to coordinate, and the trademark right of the 750 motorcycle still belongs to the Yangtze River 750 tricycle.
He used to be the reception car for the new China ambassador.
According to Xue Qian, an old Li Man, Changjiang 750 motorcycle was born in 1957, and it is still galloping in the north and south of the great river. The proudest thing in its brand history is that it used to be the national guest reception car in New China.
Li Lao told reporters that before the first motorcycle Changjiang 750 in New China was developed, there was no motorcycle team in the motorcade that received foreign guests in New China. After the birth of Changjiang 750, it quickly became a member of the national reception team because of its good performance and high safety factor. 1960 in the first half of the year, some foreign guests were pleasantly surprised to find that motorcycles were added to the reception fleet of foreign guests in New China, and the motorcycles were produced by New China itself.
Since 1964, Changjiang 750 has been listed as the conventional equipment of the new Chinese army. In a short period of three years from 1964 to 1966, Hongdu Machinery Factory produced and delivered 3,789 Changjiang 750 military motorcycles to the army, which contributed to the strong national defense construction of new China. 199 1 year, 30 hongdu 125 motorcycles sponsored by hongdu group were designated as "Asian Games traffic pilot vehicles" in the 11th Asian Games. In addition, Changjiang 750 motorcycle is widely used in public security, industry and commerce, taxation, forest fire prevention, traffic supervision and other systems, galloping across the country.