Why is the temperature difference between day and night on the moon 300 degrees, while the temperature difference between day and night on our earth is very small?
This is not what some people say, but a fact of scientific observation. Accurately speaking, the temperature difference between day and night of the moon is about 340 degrees, because during the day, where the sun shines, the temperature is about127℃; At night, where there is no sunshine or shade, the temperature is-183℃. This is because the moon doesn't have a thick atmosphere like the earth, just like covering it with a thick quilt, which can block radiation too strongly and keep warm.
The moon has no atmosphere, to be precise, it is extremely thin, and it is much more vacuum than the artificial vacuum of the earth, so the sun shines almost directly on the moon. Moreover, the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the material on the surface of the moon are very low, so the temperature of the irradiated place will rise sharply, and once the sun moves away, it will drop sharply. Scientists measure the soil temperature on the surface of the moon by radio, and the temperature changes little in depth, which proves that the thermal conductivity of lunar material is low.
There is no atmosphere on the moon, and certainly there will never be clouds. So, for billions of years, people have been basking in the sun like this. The exposed place is not only high temperature, but also a lot of high-energy rays, such as ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays and high-energy particles blown by the solar wind. Therefore, if people are exposed to radiation, they will not only suffocate, suffer from heatstroke or freeze to death, but also die from radiation.
The high vacuum and low pressure on the moon will also quickly suck body fluids and gases from the human body, and the human body will burst and shrivel, so people on the moon will die miserably if they are not protected by standard spacesuits.
Even if there is a spacesuit, it can't stop all the high-energy radiation, so astronauts who perform tasks in space will be harmed by radiation for a long time.
The earth's atmosphere and magnetic field protect the ecology well. When the solar wind blows at a speed of 800 kilometers per second, the earth's magnetic field can play the first and most important protective armor role. Geomagnetism deflects the charged particles of the solar wind and travels through the earth along the magnetic field lines. Some high-energy particles that escape the net will penetrate into the north and south poles from the weak links of the earth's magnetic field lines, and then the second line of defense will work.
Particles in the atmosphere collide and interact with charged particles in the solar wind, and the north and south poles emit gorgeous auroras, that is, light generated from places where atmospheric particles and the solar wind fight fiercely. The stronger the solar wind, the more beautiful the aurora will be. Through this kind of fighting, most of the energy of the solar wind will be destroyed.
High-energy rays that can kill living things in the sun, such as ultraviolet rays, enter the atmosphere and are absorbed by atmospheric molecules. Finally, at an altitude of 20~25 kilometers from the surface, they are absorbed by the ozone layer, and only about 1% of long-wave low-energy ultraviolet rays escape the net. It is this kind of ultraviolet light that will hurt people if they are exposed to the sun.
The temperature is also due to the heat absorption and cooling buffer of the atmosphere, so the earth will not be too hot and can keep warm when the sun is not there.
There are differences in temperatures in different parts of the earth, which are mainly caused by direct or oblique sunlight. When the sun shines directly to which area, it is summer; On the contrary, it's winter. Because the earth has a rotation axis, the earth rotates around this rotation axis, and a circle is a day and night. But this axis of rotation was tilted by a planet 4.5 billion years ago, and after collision and fusion, a piece was thrown out to form the moon, so that the earth turned its neck around the sun and accompanied the moon.
Thus, the earth's rotation at the equator formed 23? 26', sunlight does not always shine directly on the equator of the earth, but forms a 23? The tropic of Capricorn at 26' moves up and down in direct sunlight and walks once a year.
The straight place is summer, and winter is the most inclined area. This is the origin of spring, summer, autumn and winter all the year round, and winter and summer in the northern and southern hemispheres of the earth are just the opposite. The two poles of the earth are always in the most oblique sunshine, because they have seldom enjoyed the sunshine, so they are relatively much colder.
In fact, the poles of the moon are also relatively cold, for the same reason as the earth. But because there is no atmospheric barrier above, the temperature difference will be smaller accordingly.
That's it. Welcome to participate in the discussion. Thanks for reading.
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