The Human Landscape of Wumengshan National Geopark

Miao, Buyi, Yi and other ethnic minorities live in Wumengshan National Geopark, with rich ethnic customs, rich ethnic cultures, and a long history of Yelang culture, red culture and ancient city culture. Located in the old town of Panxian County, the meeting place of Panxian County of the Red Second and Sixth Army Corps was once the headquarters of the Second and Sixth Army Corps of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army. Originally built by the National Revolutionary Army in 1928, Wuying is commonly known as Jiujianlou. At the end of March 1936, the leaders of the Legion held a Panxian meeting here and decided to cross the Jinsha River and go north to resist Japan. In 1982, it was designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

Yelang culture

Yelang culture: the ancient town of Yelang in Liuzhi Mao Kou Township: located 7km southwest of the city, has been circulated among the people for many years as the legend of "the ancient city of Yelang". The traces of ancient buildings, such as big blue bricks, ancient post roads, translation monuments and ancient capital buildings excavated from here, together with the strange local place names of 36 Na and 72 Ga, as well as three ancient tombs in the cave on the cliff more than 1 meters away from the ground, have made the ancient Yelang city with different opinions begin to take shape. Yelang culture was put forward in the late 198s and early 199s. It is an important link in Guizhou's history and culture, and an important gene or source of contemporary Guizhou culture. It was created by all ethnic groups in Yelang period and those who lived in Yelang's old land afterwards, and it is also the result of interaction between Yelang and surrounding areas. Many customs of Yelang, such as reproductive worship, ancestor worship, ghost worship and the architectural form of Yelang people, have always influenced people's lives today. Such as nest residence, mountain place and "dry fence" have played an important role in the formation of the architectural characteristics of Buyi, Dong, Shui and other ethnic groups.

In Guizhou, "seeing Yelang everywhere" has long been people's knowledge, but its castle or political center is always being searched. Moreover, in the dispute, Anshun, Zhenning, Liuzhi, Anlong, Ping Huang, Xingren and Hezhang are involved. These places are beautiful and picturesque, and many Yelang monuments make people in the field full of curiosity. With the continuous expansion of the exploration team and the continuous enrichment of historical materials and cultural relics, the true face of Yelang may gradually become clear, but it is an eternal subject to explore the rich Yelang culture, our national mentality and modernization. In this sense, it will remain a mystery.

Beipanjiang Gorge Park, the ancient city of Panxian County, is dominated by Beipanjiang Gorge, including the peak forest scenic spot in the south water city of Liupanshui, the Beipanjiang Gorge scenic spot, the platform scenic spot of three tunjuan structures in Faer, the scenic spot of hillside pasture (basalt square mountain), the scenic spot of Liuchehe Gorge, the scenic spot of Gesuo Gorge, the Baiyu shaft and the Huaga Tiankeng. The entrance of the park is located at the location where Shuicheng Highway enters the park. The geographical coordinates of the northern end of the park range are 14 45' east longitude and 26 37' north latitude. The southern end is 14 52 ′ east longitude and 26 5 ′ north latitude; The west end is 14 37 ′ east longitude and 26 11 ′ latitude; The eastern end is 15 ′ east longitude and 16 8 ′ north latitude. The park covers an area of about 3 square kilometers. Located in Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Province, it belonged to the territory of the ancient Yelang State during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Beipanjiang River is the "Suiyu River" mentioned in Sima Qian's Historical Records, and the capital of the ancient Yelang State is in the upper reaches of the Suiyu River, just as Ban Gu said in Hanshu: "Yelang people are near the Suiyu River. Jiang Kuan Bai bu feasible ship. "

The Beipan River flows through seven towns in Zhenfeng County, forming a 94-kilometer-long grand canyon, the largest in Guizhou. This canyon is a combination of peak forests, caves, rocks, waterfalls, undercurrents, flower beaches, spiral ponds and virgin forest vegetation. It has both the beauty and preciseness of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and the grandeur of the Grand Canyon of Colorado in the United States. In this section of the canyon, there are still fans of Yelang culture such as ancient murals and ancient city ruins, as well as cultural landscapes such as Tiesuo Bridge, cliff stone carvings and ancient post roads. It can be said that Beipanjiang Grand Canyon is a new bright spot on the tourist line in western Guizhou. It is also the reappearance of "winding gallery" and "The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man". In particular, Beipanjiang Bridge on Guanxing high-grade highway, with a length of 486 meters and a height of 388 meters, is the first Gao Qiao of its kind in Asia. It gives people a sense of "a bridge flying north and south, and the natural moat becomes a thoroughfare". From the bridge, overlooking the deep tunnel and the long Grand Canyon, it gives people a sense of "roof gutter and ground fissure". An axe nearly 1 meters high and several kilometers long cuts the cliff like a huge gallery mural with great momentum.

Especially when the fog is hazy and smoke clouds are around, it gives people a fairyland-like feeling. Wumengshan National Geopark

In the middle section of Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, on a cliff between Zhexiang Town and Beipanjiang Town, there stands a sad-looking stone in the shape of a girl, which is called "regret stone" by the villagers nearby. According to legend, a long time ago, a pair of Buyi brothers and sisters lived by the Beipanjiang River. Due to the early death of their parents, the two brothers and sisters have been self-reliant since childhood, coming and going in the wind and rain, and fishing for a living on the Beipanjiang River. Every time I come back from fishing, the division of labor between brother and sister is always warm and tacit: my brother cuts the fish and cooks, and my sister adds firewood and makes a fire. Delicious fish and fish soup is served on the table, and my brother always tries to put all the fish heads in his bowl, and then chews them "click, click". Look at the voracious eating, my sister can't help but whisper: how selfish my brother is! My sister thought that one day, it would be great if I could chew a few fish heads well! It's another stormy fishing day. Brother and sister paddled bamboo rafts and went fishing on the river as usual. My brother stood at the front end of the bamboo raft and focused on fishing. Suddenly the bamboo raft flashed, and my brother fell into the fast-flowing river. After a few struggles, he disappeared. My brother, who loved eating fish heads, was buried in the belly of the fish. Although my sister felt suddenly, she thought again, from now on, no one will compete with me for fish heads! My sister went home and cooked the fish quickly, and couldn't wait to serve herself a big bowl of fish heads! Chewing, chewing, the more I chew my sister's heart, the less it tastes: this fish head is all hard bones, and it has no meat and no taste! Before eating the fish head in the bowl, my sister was in tears. My sister, who was full of remorse, ran to the river in one breath to get back her kind and kind brother, only to see the river flowing south. Sitting by the river, my numb sister has turned into a sad fossil for a long time. This is the "stone of regret" that people see today. Kong Ming

Near the location of Lurong township government in Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, next to the grass road from Anlong to Zhenning, there is a mound with a long history and a long reputation. The mound is covered with lush weeds. The locals call it "Kongming Tomb". Kongming is a household name in the history of China, and Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. There have been several versions about the origin of Kongming Tomb. One of them is that when the Shu army marched south and captured Meng Huo seven times, Kong Ming, as the chief strategist, led the army to the Beipanjiang River and camped in the present Zhexiang Town to train the soldiers. The ruins of the Three Kingdoms Barracks came from this. The person was originally called "prime minister"; Zhe Xiang is an alias that people later thought it was awkward and homophonic. On the Beipanjiang River in Lurong Township, it is said that Zhuge Liang trained the Shu navy. Legend has it that during his lifetime, Mr. Kongming once inspected the scenery, water and soil around Beipanjiang River, and decided that there was a real dragon treasure near Lurong Township, which is now Kongming Village, where Kongming Tomb is located. In his later years, Zhuge had a premonition that behind him, the country of Shu would not last long, and his bones would face the end of being destroyed by his sworn enemies Sima Yi and his son. Therefore, on his deathbed, he specially arranged to build 72 true and false tombs all over the country to confuse the enemy. Kongming Tomb in Lurong Township on the north bank of the river should be one of Zhuge Liang's 72 true and false tombs. After the death of Zhuge Liang, the devoted god of wisdom, people on both sides of Beipanjiang River called Zhuge Liang's place where he served as a soldier "Prime Minister" in memory of this brave adviser in history, and in Kongming Village, Lurong Township, where Kongming trained sailors and even fought water battles, a cenotaph of the Prime Minister of Shu State was permanently preserved, which was called "Kongming Tomb". On holidays, especially during the Ching Ming Festival every year, local people always pay homage to their ancestors, and they never forget to cultivate a few shovels of earth, burn incense and candles, offer sacrifices, and hang a few pieces of white paper as if they were ancestors of their deceased ancestors. This should be the reason why Kongming Tomb has been well preserved for many years without being ruined. Mr. Kong Ming should be gratified if he has knowledge in the spirit of heaven. The existence of Kongming Tomb is not without reason. Kongming Tomb, Zhe (Zai) Xiang Town, which is not far from Zhenfeng, and Guansuoling, Guanling County, which is dozens of kilometers away, form a chain of the relics of the Three Kingdoms, which confirms each other. They * * * both show that the banks of Beipanjiang River in Zhenfeng Guanling area were once the places where Guan Yu and his son, one of the "Three sworn relationships in Taoyuan", and Zhuge Liang, a famous minister, left footprints and achievements during the Three Kingdoms period. Ma planing well

There is a well-known "Ma planing well" on the left side of Zhenfeng-Guiyang Highway in Xiangxiang Town. There is an ancient tree near the well, which is born according to the well, with lush foliage and an umbrella crown, which can cover an area of more than 2 square meters around the wellhead. Spring water gushes from the rock crevices of the mountain, which is clear and cool all the year round, with constant flow and no change with the seasons. According to legend, the "horse digging well" was that Guan Suo, the general of Shu army, led a great army to fight here in the Three Kingdoms. When people were exhausted, thirsty horses dug the earth with their hoofs and accidentally dug up a sweet mountain spring. Shu soldiers drank enough water, got refreshed, won the battle, drank water and thought about the source, so they named this well "Ma Planing Well". The "horse planing well" is only a few steps away from the highway, and all the pedestrians and horses pass by here, all of them get off and have a drink. In recent years, pure water plants have mushroomed everywhere; Some operators have long coveted the water quality of horse planing wells and are interested in investing, but the local people have repeatedly declined on the grounds of protecting historical sites. This is a digression. Hanging Coffin

In the middle section of Beipanjiang Grand Canyon, there is a Datian River in the famous "Hometown of Amomum in China". Datian River from west to east is not only the natural boundary between Zhenfeng and Ceheng counties, but also the boundary river between Zhenfeng, Ceheng and Anlong counties. Datian River is a tributary of Beipanjiang River. At its source, Tunshang Village, a serial township at the junction of Zhenfeng, Anlong and Ceheng counties, there is a natural cave called Sifang Cave, also called Shizikou Cave. There is a famous "hanging coffin" in the cave. From a distance, the square cave is as the name suggests, and the shape of the hole is square, as neat as a knife, and as wide as a lion's mouth. The cave is tens of meters in height and width, and the walls are steep. In the middle of a cave wall, there is a conspicuous coffin, which is familiar to locals. As for the mystery of the hanging coffin in Sifang Cave, it is said that the owner of the hanging coffin is Liu, a big family in Ceheng Poping. As for the age of the hanging coffin, it dates back to the seventh year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, that is, 1827, which has been 181 years since now. It is said that after Liu's old rich man died, the filial family asked Mr. Taoist to choose the land, spent a lot of silver rice and took several twists and turns, and finally found the square cave dozens of kilometers away from Poping. The local people said that before the highway was opened to traffic, it took more than three hours to walk from Sifang Cave to Poping Fair. According to Mr. Feng Shui, this cave in the lion's mouth is a real treasure trove. If the bones of the deceased are "fed" into the lion's mouth, future generations will be promoted and made a fortune. The people near Sifang Cave disapprove of the "grand grave" buried by the Liu family hanging coffins, and even have some resentment. So he compiled a folk song to ridicule it: "Liu Jia wants to be an official, unless he answers the river skillfully;" The Liu family wants to wear a robe unless they build a merit bridge. " "Clever answer" is a transliteration of Buyi language "the source of the river". Qiaoda River is the local name for the square hole section of Datian River in the upper reaches. Sure enough, there is a stone bridge that looks full of vicissitudes above the stream in the square hole. It is probably the Liu family's compensation for the people in Sifang Cave, or a kind of atonement. Of course, whether the descendants of the Liu family are developed or not has not been studied in detail.