Foshan’s scenic spots and food culture

Kang Youwei's former residence is in Su Village, Yinhe Township, Danzao Town, Nanhai. Kang Youwei (1858-1927) was originally named Zuyi and had the courtesy name Guangsha. He was born in Xiqiao Mountain and was known as Mr. Kang Nanhai. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), he was a Jinshi in Yiweike and was awarded the title of Director of the Ministry of Industry. He later served as Prime Minister of the National Affairs Office, Zhang Jing, and implemented the reform reform. After the reform failed, he went into exile overseas, propagated royalism, and opposed the bourgeois democratic revolution led by Sun Yat-sen and the Revolution of 1911. After the victory, he returned to China. In 1917, he and Zhang Xun failed to restore the monarchy, and eventually became a politician during the reign of the Beiyang warlords. Died of illness at his residence in Qingdao on March 31, 1927. Kang Youwei is the author of "An Examination of New Learning Apocrypha", "An Examination of Confucius' Reform", "Book of Datong", "Notes on the Doctrine of the Mean", "Mr. Kang Nanhai's Poetry Collection", etc. He has written many books, such as "Xixiang Bookstore" and "Dan Ru Lou" in his hometown Su Village. and "Seven junipers garden" are where Kang Youwei lived and studied in his childhood. It was all demolished during the Anti-Japanese War. In 1983, the former residence was restored and turned into the "Kang Youwei Historical Relics Exhibition Room". In 1987, the "Kang Youwei Memorial Hall" was built, where the Nanhai County Museum held the "Kang Youwei Historical Relics Exhibition". The flagpole in front of the current memorial hall was built in the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1895) when Ke Kang Youwei was a Jinshi. The former residence has a layout of one living room, two corridors and two rooms, and is a hard-top building with an area of ​​81 square meters. The former residence has historical commemorative value and was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province in June 1989. In 1996, it was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Donghuali (Qing Dynasty) Donghuali is located on Fuxian Road in the urban area. It was originally named "Yangwu Street" and was named after the surnames of the Yang and Wu people who lived here in the early Qing Dynasty. Afterwards, the two groups declined one after another, and the properties were gradually resold with other surnames. , changed to its present name during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. During the Jia and Dao years, the Luo family moved in. Luo Bingzhang of this family was the co-organizer of the imperial court and the governor of Sichuan. He greatly renovated and renovated the house on the north side of the second half of the house, making the house more regular and beautiful. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the wealthy overseas Chinese businessman Zhao Yutian's family moved here again. The Zhao family was a native of Toitou Township, Lanshi, a suburb of the city. He first started doing business in Foshan, and later moved to Hong Kong to establish "Guang Maotai" foreign trade. After making a fortune, he sold it to Donghua The house on the south side of the middle section was further renovated and renovated, giving it its current appearance. The total length of Donghuali is 112 meters. The gate building at the head of the street still has the stone street carved in the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843). The streets are wide and smooth, and the granite paved road is clean and smooth. The houses on both sides of the street look like they were from the Qing Dynasty. Since they have always been the residences of wealthy officials, they are all very particular in terms of architectural form and decoration. The gatehouses are tall, with stone steps, and the door walls are mostly made of water-polished blue bricks. The interior halls are also well decorated, with many high-end features such as carved wooden screens, flower stands and partitions. The front section of the street is composed of adjoining houses, among which there are still buildings such as the "Wu Clan Ancestral Hall", "Zhao Clan Ancestral Hall", "Zhao Yutian Ancestral Hall" and Zhao Clan's "Jingxian Hall"; the back section of the street has four alleys on both sides. , in the alley are the three houses behind the house, which are neatly arranged and in a unified format. They have pot-ear-style volcanic walls and a "three rooms and two corridors" layout. The interior settings are basically the same as before except for some slight changes. Donghuali is the best-preserved typical Qing Dynasty street in Foshan. It is a rare material for studying issues such as local officials, architectural history and living customs in Foshan. It was designated as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1989. In 2001, it was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Xiqiao Mountain Quarry Site Xiqiao Mountain has different scenery throughout the year: in spring, the rhododendrons and green banyan pine trees on the mountain complement each other and exude fragrance; in summer, the cool breeze blows, refreshing; in autumn, The mountains are full of green, the birds are singing softly, and the crimson osmanthus flowers are fragrant for miles. In winter, it is still warm as spring and full of vitality, the exotic grasses are still green, and the exotic flowers are still blooming. The sweet-scented osmanthus wine made from sweet-scented osmanthus has an endless fragrance and refreshing fragrance, and has certain curative effects on patients with neurasthenia. The ruins of Xiqiao Mountain Quarry are located in Xiqiao Mountain, Xiqiao Town. Xiqiao Mountain is an ancient extinct volcano. Due to the action of volcanoes, the rocks formed are most suitable for humans to make stone tools. According to archaeological surveys and excavation data on the site over the years, it is a quarry and stone tool processing site with a wide distribution area, abundant stone tools, and a long history. More than ten places have been discovered, mainly distributed in the central Tiequanfeng Jinyan, the southeast slope of Nanshegang, Huoshijing, the back slope of Fuxian Village, Zhentou and Fozi Temple. The relics unearthed from this cultural site are very rich, including tools for processing stone tools such as stone anvils, stone hammers, and hammers. Stone tool production tools include stone ball choppers, scrapers, stone axes, stone adzes, stone shovels, etc. Most of them are made of stone tools, with a small proportion of finished products and mostly defective products.

The types of stone tools can be divided into hammered and ground stone tools characterized by double-shouldered stone tools, and fine stone tools characterized by small stone core stone tools and stone flake stone tools. With their unique styles, they constitute the "Xiqiao Mountain Culture". Tombs are mostly found in shell mound sites. Nearly 100 of them have been excavated. They were buried with the body upright and shallow graves. There were not many burial objects and there was a custom of tooth extraction. For this type of cultural relics, the stone tools are mainly shoulder-shaped. The pottery is mainly in the shape of sand-filled round-bottomed cauldrons, ring-footed pots, pottery legs and clay round-bottomed pots, folded-ringed pots, short or high-footed plates, beans, etc. There are also a small amount of painted pottery and geometrically printed pottery. It is well developed, with more than ten kinds of patterns and many carved symbols. Squidgang Ruins The Squidgang Ruins are located on Squidgang in the southeast of Baixixi'an Village, Xiqiao Town, covering an area of ​​about 14,000 square meters. They were discovered during the county's cultural relics census in 1980. In September 1985, students from the Department of Archeology of Peking University and the Guangdong Provincial Museum The archaeological team and the Nanhai County Museum jointly conducted archaeological excavations at the site, which covers an area of ​​130 square meters. The cultural layer is about 1.5 meters thick and can be divided into four layers. The shell layer is generally on the third layer. Post holes and ash pits were discovered during the excavation. And the ruins of collapsed houses, 36 original tombs were unearthed, without coffins, most of them were adults, and there were also a few children. The average height of adults: 1.55 meters for women and 1.57 meters for men. They were all buried with their heads upright and their heads facing east. Around 110°, there is a custom of tooth extraction. In one of the tombs, there is a phenomenon of overlapping. The skeleton has been calcified due to being soaked by shell calcium for many years. The unearthed pottery includes cauldrons and jars of sand-filled pottery and mud pottery. , beans, basins, etc. and pottery spinning wheels. The pottery pieces are richly decorated, including zigzag patterns, cloud and thunder patterns, mat patterns, basket patterns, rope patterns, etc.; stone tools include double-shouldered stone axes, stone adzes, three-sided stone arrowheads, stone rings, etc.; bone tools include bone arrowheads, bone needles, etc. There are also amphibian remains. This site has high scientific research value for studying the living customs of primitive humans in our county. In view of the rich cultural layer of the site, after the excavation work was completed, the Nanhai County Museum built a simple house to protect the entire archaeological excavation site. In June 1989, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province. Beiyong Pavilion Beiyong Pavilion is located in Beiyongfang, Xinlian Village, Lishui Town, Nanhai. According to legend, the construction of the octagonal pavilion was purely caused by the "Feng Shui" theory of the ancient people. At that time, a "Master Feng Temple" was built in Fenggang Township, Lishui. ", expensive" are all unfavorable, so a pavilion was built to overcome it. Eight squares raised funds to build an octagonal pavilion to ward off the evil spirits. Each corner represents one square, so that there is no danger. In order to obtain a good harvest, the villagers worshiped "He Hua Niang". "The god is in the pavilion. Every February on the social day of the lunar calendar, villagers come to pray and worship, hoping that the weather will be smooth and the country and the people will be safe. Today there is no statue of the god. It is unknown when the pavilion was first built. It is square in plan and has a double eaves on the top of the mountain. Four wooden columns are the main body of the pavilion. The columns lead to the top floor. Three brackets are set up on the beams on each side to form the top of the mountain. Hexahedral granite eaves pillars, with short eaves pillars and high inner wooden pillars. There are five brackets on each side of the eaves pillars to support the tile eaves. The tile eaves extend out by one meter. The corners of the four eaves are tilted upward. The top of the pavilion rests on the top. There are four corners, the lower eaves have four corners, so it is also called the Octagonal Pavilion. The pavilion covers an area of ​​64 square meters. The stone eaves and pillars in the pavilion are engraved with the words "Our workshop was rebuilt in Bingchen (1856), the year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty, and the stone was made in Xinlidian, Lishi". (1883) "Rebuilt on Jidan on the 12th month of the twelfth month". The architectural form and structure of the pavilion are unique and rare among the existing pavilion-style buildings in our province. In 1978, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province. Shiyanyan quarrying site The Shiyanyan quarrying site is located in the southeast of Shinao Peak in Xiqiao Mountain, Xiqiao Town. It was named "Shiyanyan" because the cave was once rich in stone swallows, including "Skylight Frame", "Stone Screen", and "Stone Ancestral Hall" In other places, the Shiyan rock is mostly red rough rock, which is most suitable for building houses. There is a village named "Shigangwei" at the foot of Xiqiao Mountain. It was named after the stonemasons who quarried here and used it as a trading place at the foot of the mountain. , the buildings, mortars, stone pillars, and pillar stones in the area near Xiqiao are all made of this kind of stone. Before the Ming Dynasty, it was mostly open-pit mining. After the Ming Dynasty, it developed into cave mining, using inclined shafts to quarry stone. Skylight grids were mined using this method. There are obvious traces of artificial quarrying in the cave. There are support pillars left by the mined stone in the cave, which are like columns. The screen divides the cave into two parts: the inside and the outside. Due to years of mining and weathering, it has become waterlogged and turned into a lake. You can go inside by boating, forming a "water car", "underwater archway", "stone screen" and "stone ancestral hall" in the cave. , "skylight frame" and other landscapes. Foshan Ancestral Temple In the history of Foshan, it was a combination of theocracy, clan power, and political power. Just as the couplet on the temple gate says: "Twenty-seven shops worship this as their ancestor, and I have been the only one who has been the only one for hundreds of millions of years." This shows its prominent and important position.

The temple is grand in appearance, with towering pavilions, majestic pavilions, green pavilions, transparent and exquisite, and has the unique charm of Lingnan traditional architecture. The construction area is 3600 square meters. The main buildings are arranged along the north-south longitudinal axis. From south to north, they are Wanfu Terrace, Lingying Archway, Jinxiang Pool, Bell and Drum Tower, Sanmen, Front Hall, Main Hall and Qingzhen Building. It has a three-courtyard and quadrangle-style layout, which is compact. It is well-proportioned, and its architectural structure has both national style and unique Lingnan characteristics. The eaves, columns and floors of the main building are mostly made of stone, and the brackets and beams are of various types. The main hall is the most typical one. The tall structure retains the rare characteristics of the Song Dynasty; the four-column, three-bay, three-story Lingying Archway built in the Ming Dynasty is the most majestic wood-and-stone mixed structure archway existing in Guangdong. Its twelve-column structure is rare in China; it was built in the early Qing Dynasty The Wanfu Stage is one of the few remaining ancient stages in the province. These typical representatives of ancient buildings with high artistic and scientific value are rare and excellent examples for studying the history of Lingnan architecture. Various decorative craftsmanship abound in the temple, making the building magnificent and breathtaking. There are lifelike glazed pottery sculptures of story characters on the tile ridges on the roof, unique gray sculptures, delicate and delicate brick carvings on the gables, and all kinds of Exquisite and clear lacquered gold wood carvings, as well as rough and clumsy stone carvings, etc. Most of them use drama repertoire and folk tales as their themes, using the characters on the drama stage and their expressions to reflect certain ideological contents, and some even have anti-imperialist and anti-feudal overtones. The unique pottery sculptures and wood carvings are the most outstanding. The themes of the stories include "Ganlu Temple", "The Immortal Couple", "Li Yuanba Fu Longju", "Jing Ke Assassins the King of Qin", "Night Fight with Ma Chao", etc., and depicts various forms. There are thousands of characters in it, and they are often talked about by tourists. These ingenious handicrafts reflect the exquisite skills and outstanding achievements of local folk crafts in terms of design, artistry and ideology. Therefore, the ancestral temple has won the reputation among international friends as the "Palace of Oriental Art". In addition, the main hall also preserves the 2.5-ton bronze statue of Beidi cast in the Ming Dynasty, large copper and iron castings of bells, tripods, mirrors, chimes, eight treasures and weapons and instruments, as well as a large ramie-lacquered statue of the god Twenty The four precious cultural relics are all the result of the painstaking efforts of ancient masters. It can be seen that the ancestral temple is nothing more than a typical ancient building that combines the essence of Foshan's ancient architectural art, sculpture decoration and casting technology. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the temple not only underwent many renovations, opened up a courtyard with an elegant environment around it, and repaired the nearby Confucius Temple as an "another village" attraction, but also built an exhibition hall and a large ceramic sculpture "Double Dragon" in the courtyard. The ancient temple has been greatly improved and beautified by measures such as renovating the Ming Dynasty brick arch and the Qing Dynasty stone arch, restoring the original large iron tower of Jingtang Temple, and vigorously improving and beautifying the supporting environment. In addition, in recent years, the new urban area around the Ancestral Temple has been transformed into the cultural center of Foshan, with convenient transportation and a completely new look, which has created a new situation for further developing the tourism industry of the Ancestral Temple. At present, the temple is a national-level key cultural relics protection unit. At its peak, the annual number of visitors reached 2 million, making it a well-known tourist attraction at home and abroad. Foshan is the "hometown of gourmet food" in the Pearl River Delta. It has fertile land, intertwined water networks, abundant natural resources, and abundant "land, sea, and air" products. No matter the animals flying in the sky, walking on the ground, drilling in the earth, swimming in the water, or the various green fruits and vegetables, they can all be turned into delicious dishes under the careful cooking of master chefs. There are many snacks in Foshan, such as Tie hoof, Daliang pheasant rolls, Daliang bunsha, milk with Daliang ginger juice, fried milk, double skin milk, Xiaofeng cake, Nanhai fish raw, Dafu cake, Jiujiang pancake, Sanshui paparazzi duck, crystal dumplings, steamed carrots Cake, Foshan nine-layer cake, Shiwan fish breast, Foshan Zhuhou sauce, silkworm chrysalis, sugar cotton cake, Yingji wonton noodles, Jinyuan Restaurant carambola steamed cake, Fenning sugar cotton cake, Da Ke Zhuangyuan and Di porridge, Blind man cake and many other snacks. Foshan people have created many delicacies in different styles based on the specialties and tastes of different places. Foshan's Zhuhou Food and Shunde's "Fengcheng (Daliang) Speculation" are both famous far and wide. Many snacks in Foshan, such as Foshan Blind Man Cake, Tie Hoe, Daliang Pheasant Roll, Fried Milk, Bunsha, Nanhai Yusheng, Dafu Cake, Jiujiang Jiandui, etc., are all famous and exciting.