People with integrity in Chinese history

For this, please refer to Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteousness", which mentions some very upright, upright, and noble people in history. Although their experiences and performances are different, they have all maintained their integrity. integrity.

Wen Tianxiang described it like this in his poem:

... When the time is short, we can see it and draw pictures one by one. In Qi Taishi bamboo slips, in Jin Dynasty Dong Hubi, in Qin Zhang Liangzhui, in Han Su Wujie. It is the head of General Yan, the blood of Ji Shizhong, the teeth of Zhang Suiyang, and the tongue of Yan Changshan. Either for the Liaodong cap, clearing the ice and snow; or for serving as an example, making ghosts and gods cry heroically; for crossing the river, generously swallowing Hu Jie; or for beating the thieves' wat, the head is turned upside down and broken. ...

The deeds of the twelve people with "jie" (morality) in history mentioned by Wenshi are as follows:

1. Briefs of Qi Taishi: The words come from "Zuo Zhuan? The 25th Year of Duke Xiang": The great history book says: "Cui Zhu killed his king." Cui Zi killed him. His younger brother Si Shu died, two of them. His younger brother wrote another book, but he gave it up. The Nanshi clan died after hearing about the great history, and held on to the past. After hearing that it was written, I returned it.

In the twenty-fifth year of Duke Xiang of Lu, Cui Zhu, a Qi official, lured Duke Zhuang of Qi to his home with his wife, and ambushed and killed him. Tai Shibo of Qi State (i.e. "Da Shi" in the text, Da and Tai were synonymous in ancient times, and they were interchangeable) recorded in the historical annals that "Cui Zhu killed his king". Cui Zhu heard this and killed Tai Shibo. At that time, the position of historian was a secular position, and the descendants of the same family succeeded each other. Therefore, after Tai Shi Bo Jian was killed, his younger brothers Tai Shi Zhong and Tai Shi Shu succeeded him successively. They also directly wrote "Cui Zhu killed his king" as before, and Cui Zhu separated again. Kill it. As for his younger brother Taishi Ji, he was still writing history as before, generous and not afraid of death. Cui Zhu knew that Taishi could take his life but not his ambition, so he had no choice but to give up his plan to harm Taishi Ji. At that time, the historians of Qi State included the Taishi clan and the Nanshi clan. The Nanshi clan heard that the brothers of the Taishi clan had been killed one after another, so they went to the palace gate with a blank book in hand, preparing to take over Taishi Ji to continue the struggle. They met the surviving Taishi Ji in front of the palace gate, and learned that he had written directly about Cui Zhu's regicide. , is returned.

2. Jin Dong Hu Bi: The words come from "Zuo Zhuan? The Second Year of Xuan Gong": Yichou, Zhao Chuan attacked Linggong in Taoyuan. Xuanzi came back before he came out of the mountain. The Great History Book said: "Zhao Dun killed his king." This was shown to the court. Xuanzi said: "No." He said to him: "The son is a high official. If he dies, he will not go beyond the realm. On the contrary, he will not seek the thieves. Who is he but the son?" "That's what I call it!" Confucius said: "Dong Hu is a good historian in ancient times, and his calligraphy is not hidden. Zhao Xuanzi is a good doctor in ancient times who cherishes the law and avoids it."

In the second year of Lu Xuan Gong, Zhao Dun (Zhao Xuanzi), the ruling official of the Jin State, had an affair with Ling Gong because he repeatedly advised him to curb his playfulness and repel evildoers. Ling Gong first used the hoe. Qi attempted to assassinate him, but he was moved by Zhao Dun and retreated. The assassination attempt failed. Later, when he hosted a banquet for Zhao Dun in September, he secretly laid an ambush with armored soldiers, and made evil mastiffs bite Zhao Dun. Mi Ming fought desperately to save him, so Zhao Dun fled and patrolled Shouyang Mountain on the border of Jin State, but did not leave the country, but stayed at the border line. Zhao Chuan, who belonged to a branch of the Zhao family, planned to attack and kill Jin Linggong in Taoyuan. Zhao Dun was still wandering in Shouyang Mountain at that time. After hearing the news, he left the mountain and returned to Jiangdu, so that Zhao Chuan returned to the country from Zhou to welcome Prince Heihui to ascend the throne (i.e. Jin Chenggong), Zhao Dun took charge of the government again.

Dong Hu, the Taishi of the Jin State, wrote directly in the history books that "Zhao Dun killed his king" and showed it to the court. Zhao Dun refused to accept it, so Dong Hu reprimanded him in court: "As a high official, you ran away but did not cross the border to another country, and when you returned home you did not attack the rebels (the regicides). If you do this, who are you but not the regicide?" "Zhao Dun was poor in words, so he had to quote "Poetry" to clarify his ambition, and sighed: "Ah! I cherish my motherland, but I have left myself with such sorrow!" (Note: This is Zhao! The two poems are combined into one text, that is, "Bei Feng Xiong Pheasant": "I am pregnant, and I am asking for help." and "Xiaoya Xiaoming": "My heart is worried, and I am asking for help." ") Then he died in depression.

Confucius commented on this matter and said: "Dong Hu is really a good historian in ancient times! His principle of recording history is to write straightly and not to hide the secrets of the respected. Zhao Xuanzi was also a good doctor in ancient times, but because of the historian's What a pity! If he had left the country at that time, he would have been exempted from this crime."

The Taishi brothers each interpreted the historian's "Bing" with their own passion. Write straightly, not to hide evil, not to express beauty." The conscience and integrity. Dong Hu, on the other hand, faced the powerful ministers of the country, scolded him face to face, adhered to principles, was not afraid of power, and wrote straightly. What they show is the historian's integrity in adhering to the truth and willing to die rather than surrender.

3. Qin Zhang Liangzhui: The words come from "Historical Records? Liuhou Family": Liangchang learned etiquette from Huaiyang. East meets Canghai-kun. A powerful man is an iron vertebra weighing one hundred and twenty kilograms. When the Emperor of Qin traveled east, Liang and his guests sniped at the Emperor of Qin in Bolangsha, accidentally hitting the passenger car. The Emperor of Qin was furious and wanted to seek help from all over the world. He was very anxious to seek help from thieves. This was because of Zhang Liang. Liangnai changed his name and surname, died and hid in Xiapi.

Zhang Liang, the founding hero of the Han Dynasty, was a descendant of Han in the Old Six Kingdoms. Both his father and ancestors were prime ministers of the king of Han. After Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, Zhang Liang, as a man who had subjugated his country, always thought about revenge and restoration. During his study tour, he met a strong man who could wield a large iron spine weighing 120 kilograms, and he plotted with him to assassinate Qin Shihuang. When the First Emperor was traveling through Bolangsha, the warriors hit the chariot with flying vertebrae, but unfortunately hit the passenger chariot by mistake. The First Emperor was angry and arrested Liang and others, so Zhang Liang changed his name and fled to Xiapi area to hide.

4. Su Wu Festival in the Han Dynasty: The saying comes from the "Book of Han? Su Wu Biography": When Wu went to the sea, there was no food available, so he dug wild mice to remove the grass and eat it. On the day of the stick man, shepherds the sheep, and when he gets up and takes care of himself, all the knots are gone.

Su Wu was sent as an envoy to the Huns in the first year of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The deputy envoy Zhang Sheng was involved in the political disputes within the Huns because of his corruption. The incident was leaked and Su Wu and his party were detained by the Huns. Su Wu wanted to commit suicide, but luckily he did not die. The Huns placed him in a large cellar and tried to starve him into surrender. Su Wu remained unyielding and survived by drinking ice and snow when thirsty and eating sheep felt when hungry. The Huns then exiled Su Wu to the North Sea (now the coast of Lake Baikal, Russia) and ordered him to herd rams, and threatened to release Su Wu back to their country when the rams gave birth to babies and suckled their offspring. Su Wu stood facing south (the direction of the Han Dynasty) with the festival all day long, and he was diligent in holding it. The tail of the knot on the festival became sparse over time. In the sixth year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, he returned to the country after the Han Dynasty tried his best to rescue him. Su Wu went on an envoy in his prime, and if he stayed with the Xiongnu for nineteen years, his hair would be all white when he returned.

Zhang Liangzhui and Su Wujie reflect the integrity of their motherland, their unyielding character, and their fearlessness of violence.

5. General Yan's Head: The words come from "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Book of Shu? The Biography of Zhang Fei": When he arrived in Jiangzhou, he defeated Zhang's general Yan Yan, the prefect of Ba County, and he was born in Yan. Fei asked Yan, "When the army arrived, why did you dare to resist the war without surrendering?" Yan replied, "You and others have no reason to invade our state. There are only beheaded generals in our state, but no generals who have surrendered." Fei was angry. He ordered the left and right to pull off the chopsticks, but the color did not change, and said: "Just chop off the chopsticks, what is the evil spirit of anger!" Fei Zhuang released it and invited the guests.

When Liu Bei captured Yizhou, Zhang Fei was ordered to enter Shu from Jiangling to attack Liu Zhang. When he arrived at Jiangzhou, he was blocked by Yan Yan, a powerful general of Liu Zhang's tribe. After a fierce battle, Yan Yan was captured alive. Zhang Fei shouted angrily: "The army is coming, why don't you surrender but dare to resist?" Yan Yan retorted sternly: "You people are unreasonable and want to invade our Yizhou. We Yizhou only has generals who have beheaded and have not surrendered." General!" Zhang Fei was furious and ordered Yan Yan to be pushed out and beheaded. Yan Yan looked as usual and said as he walked: "If you behead your head, behead it. What do you have to be angry about?" Zhang Fei was infected by his majestic and unyielding spirit, so he untied him and welcomed him as a guest.

6. Ji Shi's blood: The words come from "Book of Jin? Biography of Ji Shao": Shao was covered with dust as the emperor, and he followed the imperial edict and traveled everywhere. When the king's army was defeated in Dangyin, all the officials and guards were scattered. Only Shao held his crown and defended with his body. The soldiers exchanged the imperial chariot, and the arrows rained down. Shao was killed at the emperor's side, his blood splashed on the imperial uniform, and the emperor was deeply moved. Lament it. When the matter was settled, the left and right wanted to wash their clothes, but the emperor said: "This servant Ji is bleeding, don't go."

In July of the first year of Yongxing, Emperor Hui of Jin Dynasty, Emperor Hui was tied up and threatened to march north, and he went out to attack and stationed in Ye. Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu in the city, arrived in Anyang with an army of more than 100,000 people. Sima Ying sent his general Shi Chao to resist the king's army. At the end of the seventh month, the king's army was defeated by Dangyin, the officers and soldiers fled, and the enemy's bows and arrows shot directly in front of Emperor Hui's chariot. In the chaos, all the guards were defeated. Only the middle servant Ji Shao (son of Jikang) kept his clothes straight and tried his best to protect the emperor in front of the emperor. Unfortunately, he was hit by a stray arrow and died beside the emperor. When he died, his blood splashed onto Emperor Hui's imperial clothes. superior. Emperor Hui lost his protector and fell into the hands of Shi Chao's army. He was taken to Yecheng and fell under the control of Sima Ying. Later, the palace servants wanted to wash away the blood stains on Emperor Hui's royal clothes. Although Emperor Hui was a mentally retarded person, he was inspired by Ji Shao's loyalty before his death, so he stopped the palace servants and said: "This is the blood in Ji Shao's body, don't wash it off."< /p>

General Yan’s head and Ji Shi’s blood show their courage and courage in facing powerful enemies without fear.

7. Zhang Suiyang's teeth: The words come from "Old Tang Book? Zhang Xun Biography": In October, the city fell. Xun, Yao Sheng, Nan Jiyun, and Xu Yuan were all captured by thieves. Xun's spirit was generous. Every time he fought with thieves, he would shout an oath, causing blood to flow from his canthus and all his teeth to be broken. When the city was about to fall, he bowed to the west again and said, "I have exhausted all my wisdom and courage, and I am unable to stop the strong bandits and protect the isolated city. Although I am a ghost, I swear to fight against the thieves to repay my kindness."

When the city fell, Yin Ziqi said to Xun, "I heard that every time you fight, your canthus is cracked and your chewing teeth are all broken. Why is it like this?" "Xun said: "I want to swallow the traitor with anger, but I can't do it! Ziqi picked Xun's mouth with a big knife and looked at the teeth. Only three of them survived. Xun cursed and said, "I died for my father." You are a traitor, a dog and a pig, may you be safe for a long time! "Zi Qiyi said what he said, and he bowed to him and said to his left and right: "This man keeps his righteousness and will not be used by me. If you have won the heart of a scholar, you cannot stay for a long time. "On that day, he was killed together with Yao Sheng and Ji Yun, but Xu Yuan was the only one who carried him to Luoyang.

Zhang Xun, during the Anshi Rebellion, guarded Suiyang alone with Xu Yuan until he died for the country, so he was called "Zhang Suiyang" in the old world. Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan led the army and people of Suiyang to prevent the rebels from going south into the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plains, the core areas of the Tang Dynasty's tax sources, for more than a year. In order to prevent the wealthy areas in the south of the Yangtze River from being involved in the Anshi Rebellion, which would cause greater harm to the Tang Dynasty and its people. The loss bought precious time for the Tang Dynasty to organize an army to suppress the rebellion, which was of immeasurable significance. During the more than a year of holding on to Suiyang Gucheng and its surrounding areas, Zhang Xun first defeated Linghu Chao and then repeatedly defeated Yin Ziqi. In the end, the city ran out of food and went out to ask for help, but the reinforcements were delayed and they fell. Immediately, they were killed together with the city's father, Yao Sheng, and general Nan Jiyun. Xu Yuan, the leader of Suiyang who was guarding the city with Zhang Xun, was rescued. He was killed in Luoyang.

When Zhang Xun fought with the rebels during the defense of the city, he always gritted his teeth, causing his eyes to bleed and his teeth to fall off. When the city was broken and he was captured, the rebel general Yin Ziqi opened Zhang with a knife. It was found that there were only three teeth left in Xun's mouth. Zhang Xun refused to give in. After being captured, he continued to curse the rebels for their crimes of betraying the country and causing harm to the people until he was killed.

8. Tongue: The words come from the "Old Book of the Tang Dynasty? Biography of Yan Gaoqing": Gaoqing glared and reported: "I have been a minister of the Tang Dynasty, and I have always been loyal and righteous. Even if I accept your memorial, I will not obey you again!" Suppose you have a shepherd named Jinnu'er from your own camp who stole your favor and ended up here. Why does the emperor blame you and you turn against him? " Lushan was so angry that he ordered him to be tied to the second pillar from the west at the south end of the Zhongqiao Bridge and cut off. He continued to curse until he died.

It was the day when Gaoqing's youngest son was born, and his nephew Xu was born. Yuan Luqian's hands and feet were amputated first, and He Qianqian's younger brother was nearby, with blood spraying out of his face. Passersby shed tears when they saw the cut.

Also, "New Book of Tang? Biography of Yan Gaoqing": When Gaoqing arrived in Luoyang, Lushan said angrily: "I promoted you to be the prefect, why did you fail and turn against me?" Gaoqing glared and scolded, "You, the shepherd Jinu'er in Yingzhou, are stealing favors from you. Why should the emperor be responsible for you? Is it the opposite?" I am a minister of the Tang Dynasty, and I am loyal and righteous. I hate to kill you in order to express my gratitude, but will I rebel against you? Lushan was so angry that he tied the pillars of the Tianjin Bridge, cut them into knots, and ate their meat. He kept scolding him, and the thieves cut off his tongue with a hook, saying, "Can I scold him again?" "Gaoqing died with his beard in his mouth at the age of sixty-five. Lu Qian had his hands and feet cut off, and He Qianqian's younger brother was sitting next to him. Blood sprayed out of his face, and everyone who saw it cried. Gaoqing's eldest son and his immediate family were all killed. Gaoqing Qing was captured, and all the counties were guarded by thieves.

Yan Gaoqing, the elder brother of Yan Zhenqing, a famous calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was known as the prefect of Changshan (photo: temporary post). "Yan Changshan". When the Anshi Rebellion began in the 14th year of Tianbao's reign (755), all the counties in Hebei were in despair. Only Gaoyan and his younger brother Zhenqing (then the governor of Pingyuan) raised their troops to kill the thieves, so much so that he once sighed, " There has never been a single righteous person in the twenty-four counties! " Tang Xuanzong was overjoyed. The Yan brothers spread the word to all parts of Hebei, pretending that Wang Shi's vanguard had left the earth and would arrive soon. Under the call, seventeen of the counties in Hebei immediately turned around and gathered 200,000 troops. The situation was once again Fortunately, only six counties were still rebellious, so An Lushan, who had already reached Shaanzhou, had to return to Hebei to clear the rear. The military pressure in Guanzhong was suddenly relieved. However, due to the small number of soldiers in Changshan City, Yan Gaoqing raised troops. There were only eight days, and the rebels came to the city before the defense could be completed. Taiyuan Jiedushi Wang Chengye did not send troops to rescue. Although he tried his best to hold on for six days, the city finally fell into the hands of the rebels.

After the city was broken, , the rebels used Yan Gaoqing's third son Yan Jiming to force Gaoqing to surrender, but Yan Ci refused. Ji Mingxuan was killed, and Gaoqing was deported to Luoyang. Faced with An Lushan's accusation, he sternly scolded the rebels. Angry and angry, An Lushan ordered Yan Gaoqing, his young son Dan, his nephew Xu, and Changshan prefect Yuan Luqian to be tied to the bridgehead pillars of the Tianjin Bridge. An Lushan had his hands and feet cut off first, and An Lushan was already captured by Gaoqing and taken to Chang'an. Lushan tribe's younger brother He Qianqian watched the execution, and Lu Qian and others spit blood on his face. He Qianqian's brother used a knife to cut off and cut off each of them one by one (he was known as "Ling Chi" in later generations) and died. More than thirty members of the family were killed. When Yan Gaoqing was about to be executed, he kept cursing, so the rebels cut out his tongue and asked him, "Can he still curse?" "Although Gao Qing could not make a sound, he still kept mumbling curses in his throat until he died.

Later, Yan Zhenqing received the news that Gaoqing and his son were killed, and sent his nephew Quanming to deal with the aftermath. He only found Gaoqing's feet and Ji Ming's skull. Yan Zhenqing could not control his grief and anger, and wrote the famous piece in the history of Chinese calligraphy, "Manuscript for the Sacrifice of My Nephew", which is known as "the second running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection". This text was written in 758 AD. Zhenqing is 50 years old.

In the first year of Xingyuan of Emperor Dezong (784), nearly thirty years after the murder of Gaoqing and his son, Li Xilie, the governor of Huaixi Province, rebelled. The treacherous Prime Minister Lu Qi wanted to use Li Xilie to get rid of Yan Zhenqing, so he sent He went to persuade him to surrender, but was finally hanged by Li Xilie. When the news came that Zhenqing had been killed, all the three armies burst into tears. Zhenqing continued the legend of loyalty of the Yan family with her own passion.

Zhang Suiyang's teeth and Yan Changshan's tongue are about the uprightness of being upright and awe-inspiring in the face of rebellion, and sacrificing one's life for righteousness.

9. Liaodong hat: The quote comes from "Three Kingdoms? Book of Wei? Biography of Guan Ning": Ning often wears a soap hat, cloth undershirt, and cloth skirt. No support required. During the four seasons of the ancestral festival, people often changed their clothes and wore cotton scarves, so in Liaodong, all white cloth single-clothed clothes were personally recommended, and people knelt down and worshiped as a ceremony.

Guan Ning was a famous scholar in the Han and Wei dynasties, and he was famous for his noble aspirations and conduct. When he lived in Liaodong, he often wore soap hats (black hats), cloth jackets, cloth hakama, and cloth skirts. He changed his clothes to jackets or double clothes according to the seasons. When he went in and out, he could rely on a stick without the support of others. Because of his noble aspirations, later generations used the "Liaodong hat" as a metaphor for the attire of those who have noble aspirations. Guan Ding and Hua Xin were classmates. One day when they were studying, there was a lot of noise of cars and horses outside the window. Hua Xin hurriedly got up and went to see the excitement, showing an envious expression. Guan Ning knew that Hua Xin was keen on fame and fortune, and despised him, so he cut off relations with Hua Xin.

10. Departure from the army: The quote comes from "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms? The Book of Shu? The Biography of Zhuge Liang": In the spring of the third year, Liang led his troops to march south, but the autumn was peaceful. With the military resources coming out, the country will be rich, and it will be necessary to organize the army and teach martial arts in preparation for large-scale campaigns. In the fifth year of Jianxing's fifth year, Zhuge Liang led his troops to the north and stationed in Hanzhong. Before leaving, he wrote to Shangshu:...

In the fifth year of Jianxing, the emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang left Qishan for the Northern Expedition. Before leaving, he gave Liu Chan, the emperor of the Shu Han Dynasty, a written explanation of the Northern Expedition. The reason for this is the famous "Chu Shi Biao". The article is impassioned, explaining the justice and necessity of the Northern Expedition, and encourages the successor not to belittle oneself, to be close to virtuous ministers and distant people, and to accept advice with an open mind. The innocent heart is all in the article.

11. Crossing the Yangtze River: The quote comes from the "Book of Jin? Ancestor Ti's Biography": The emperor took Ti as the general Fenwei and the governor of Yuzhou, and gave it to a thousand people, three thousand pieces of cloth, and no armor. , enable self-recruitment. More than a hundred families from the tribe were still crossing the river, and the middle stream struck the 楫 and swore: "Zu Ti cannot clear the Central Plains and restore the economy, just like the big river!" The words were so heroic that everyone sighed. He settled in Jiangyin, started smelting and forging weapons, and gained more than 2,000 men before advancing.

Zu Ti was a famous general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty with few ambitions. He and his friend Liu Kun danced swords after hearing the rooster crow. Later, when he encountered the Yongjia Rebellion in the Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains was lost, so he determined to recover and proposed the Northern Expedition to Emperor Jin and Yuan. Emperor Yuan gave him the empty title of "Yuzhou Governor" (because Yuzhou had been reduced to a barbarian state at that time), and only allocated rations for a thousand people and 3,000 pieces of cloth. He did not allocate a single soldier and ordered him to recruit his own troops. Carry out the Northern Expedition. During the expedition, Zu Ti took his troops to cross the river from Jingkou to the north. When the boat was in the middle of the river, Zu Ti hit the side with his oars and swore: "If Zu Ti cannot clear the Central Plains and cross this river again, it will be like this." Dajiang!" After crossing to the north, he fought bloody battles and restored most of the land south of the Yellow River for the Jin Dynasty in nine years. Just when he was complacent and wanted to continue to make progress, internal conflicts in the Eastern Jin Dynasty intensified and Wang Dun became good at governing. Zu Ti was worried that the internal strife in the imperial court would endanger the Northern Expedition. Out of worry and anger, he fell ill and died in Yongqiu. After his death, the people of Yuzhou felt as if they were mourning for an heir, and part of the territory he restored was again occupied by the later Zhao Shile regime.

12. Attacking the thief's wat: The quote comes from "Book of Tang? Duan Xiu Shi's Biography": Tomorrow, Si Zhao Xiu Shi will discuss matters. Yuan Xiu, Yao Lingyan, Li Zhongchen, and Li Ziping are all sitting there. Xiu Shi, wearing military attire, stood on his knees with Si, and when he reached the throne, Xiu Shi stood up, grabbed his elephant wat with his wrist, leaped forward, spit on his face and cursed: "Crazy thief, I hate to kill you." Wan Duan, how can I chase you to rebel?" Then he attacked. Si raised his arms to defend himself, only to be hit in the jaw, and he crawled away bleeding. The murderer was stunned and did not dare to move at first; but Haibin could not wait, so Xiu Shi said: "I don't agree with you, why don't you kill me!" The murderers arrived and were killed. Haibin, Mingli and Lingyue were killed one after another. Dezong heard about it in Fengtian, but he regretted that he could not use it, and he shed tears for a long time.

Duan Xiushi was a famous general in the Middle Tang Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Emperor Dezong's reign, soldiers from Jingyuan who were recruited by the imperial court to suppress Li Xilie's rebels broke out in mutiny because they were dissatisfied with Jing Zhaoyin and the imperial court's lack of rewards. They elected Zhu Si as their commander-in-chief, led troops to attack Chang'an, and crowded into the palace. After looting property from the treasury, Zhu Si "ascended" in the Xuanzheng Hall and claimed to be the emperor of "Great Qin". Dezong fled from Xianyang to Fengtian (today's Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province). Before Zhu Si became emperor, he forced Duan Xiushi to become an official. One day during the meeting, when the subject of Zhu Si's imminent assertion of emperor was brought up, Duan Xiushi suddenly grabbed the wrist of another minister, Yuan Xiu, snatched the wat board from his hand, jumped to Zhu Si, and cursed him, " Crazy thief, I wish I could tear you into pieces, so how can I pursue you and rebel?" He struck Zhu Si in the face with his wand. Zhu Si raised his arms to block him, and was hit on the forehead. Blood immediately flowed out, so he crawled and ran away. At first, the rebels were frightened by Duan Xiushi's courage. After a while, they swarmed in and killed Duan Xiushi and several other officials who were unwilling to rebel. After Dezong heard about Duan Xiushi's deeds in Fengtian, he wept for a long time.