What is the use of plaster in Chinese medicine?
Relaxing tendons, clearing away heat, relieving vexation and quenching thirst.
therapy
Treat fever with persistent fever, vexation, delirium, thirst, dry throat, acute lung heat, heatstroke, spontaneous sweating, stomach fire, headache, toothache, toxic heat, macula and tongue sore. Burn and apply raw muscles to heal the wound. External treatment of carbuncle, sore, ulcer, soup and fire scald.
Sexual taste orientation
Xin gan, cold. 1 classic: "pungent, slightly cold." ② Don't record: "Sweet, cold and nontoxic." ③ Medical origin: "The secret of attending is yin, cold in nature and light in taste." Enter the lung and stomach meridians. ① Herbal soup: "It begins with Taiyin, Shaoyang and Zuyangming meridians." (2) Herbal Supplement: "Enter Yangming, Taiyin and Shaoyang."
dosage
Oral administration: decoction, 0.3 ~ 1 2 (large dose 6 ~ 8); I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: calcining, grinding, coating or applying.
Avoid medication
People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, blood deficiency and yin deficiency and fever should not take it. Medical origin: The Indication Secret says that it can cold the stomach and make people inedible. Unless the abdomen is extremely hot, it should not be used lightly. "
Drug compatibility
(1) Notes on Materia Medica: "Chicken makes it. Evil grass and horses are poisonous to many people. " ② Theory of medicinal properties: "Croton hates iron." Use mulberry leaves to clear lung heat; With cassia twig, both exterior and interior are solved; With angelica dahurica, clearing away heat and purging fire, reducing swelling and relieving pain; Use Anemarrhena asphodeloides to clear away heat and trouble; Pinellia ternata is used to clear the lung and stomach, reduce the adverse flow and eliminate phlegm; With licorice, clearing lung and relieving cough; Using bamboo leaves can clear away heat and trouble.
Another name
Fine stone, fine stone (not recorded), soft gypsum (herbal supplement), cold water stone (compendium) and white tiger (medicinal chemical meaning) are collectively referred to as gypsum, raw gypsum, gypsum lamb, calcined gypsum and gypsum paste, which are the original medicinal materials. Remove impurities, remove soil and grind them fine. Calcined gypsum is also called plaster of Paris. Put gypsum in a crock, calcine it in smokeless fire until it is crisp, take it out, let it cool, and grind it into powder for medicine. The trademark is gypsum. It is best to be white, large and translucent, and the longitudinal section is filiform.
Latin name
Natural minerals in gypsum.
Allocation of resources
Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Xinjiang and other places.
Collection and storage of medicinal materials
Generally, excavation is carried out in winter, and dirt and miscellaneous stones are removed after excavation.
job operation
Gypsum: remove miscellaneous stones, wash the soil and break it into small pieces. Gypsum calcination: take clean gypsum blocks, put them in a crucible, calcine them in the absence of fireworks until they are crisp, take them out, cool them and crush them. (1) Lei Gong's theory of baking: "When making gypsum, it must be pounded into powder with a stone mortar, which is called raw licorice water flying over, clarified, dried and studied." (2) "Outline": "Gypsum, in the ancient method, was only broken as big as a bean, wrapped in silk and boiled in soup. Because of its cold, burn it with fire, or fry it with sugar, you may wish to spleen and stomach. " ③ "medicinal meaning": "Gypsum, slightly calcined, raw and used, but too much calcined makes the body tired."
Examination certificate
From Shennong Herbal Classic; Outline: "Because of its fine arts and sciences, it is named Xilishi, which is cold as water, so it is named Hanshui Stone, which is a foreign body with the same name as Ningshi." "There are two kinds of gypsum, soft and hard: large pieces of soft gypsum, which are layered in stones, such as flat rice cakes. Each floor is several inches thick, with red and white. You can't take the red one, and the white one is clean. The fine prose is short and dense as a needle, like white wax condensed, soft and fragile, and it burns as white as powder. Among them, bright and clean, the color is slightly blue. And the text is as thin as white silk, called stone. It's the same thing as plaster, but it can't be distinguished when it's broken. Anhydrite, as a block, is straight and upright, with the edge like a horse's tooth, hard and white, and it is broken by a blow and bright as mica. Bai Shiying with walls is easy to disperse when burned, but it is still difficult to make powder. Just like massive anhydrite, it can be solved by hitting a block, and the wall is bright, also called calcite. It's scattered when burned, not rotten. It's two kinds of anhydrite. It's the same if it's broken. You can't tell them apart. Since Tao Hongjing, Su Gong, Daming, Lei? Yan uses anhydrite and soft gypsum as cold water stones. It was not until Zhu Zhenheng categorically used soft plaster that later talents followed the experiment, and it was not clear until after eternal confusion. Gaixi people's so-called cold water stone, namely soft gypsum; The so-called anhydrite is feldspar. Gypsum, marble, feldspar, calcite, these are all cold, which can clear away heat and relieve qi, but gypsum can also relieve muscle sweating. Shili is gypsum, feldspar is Fang Jie, and all of them can be substituted. People today use gypsum to collect tofu, which was unknown in the past. " "According to the ancient cold water stone, it is a kind of condensed stone. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, all parties have used cold water stone, which is today's gypsum. Neighbors also use feldspar and calcite as cold water stones, which cannot be distinguished. "
Identification of raw medicinal materials
It is a long block or irregular fibrous crystal aggregate with different sizes. All white to grayish white. Both sides of the block are flat, dull and textured. Loose weight, easy to be divided into small pieces, fibrous texture in longitudinal section and silky luster. Odorless and tasteless. It is best to be large white, loose, fibrous and free of miscellaneous stones. When burning, the dyed flame is red and yellow, which can be melted into white magnetic alkaline pellets. When fired to 120℃, some crystal water is lost, that is, it becomes white powder or massive gypsum. Microscopic identification: under the polarizer, this product is colorless and transparent in the sheet; Crystalline columnar or fibrous; Low negative protrusion, rough surface is not obvious. A group of cleavage is obvious. The interference color is first-class grayish white to yellowish white. Parallel extinction on cleavage plane is clear, and oblique extinction on cleavage plane. Biaxial crystal, positive light, optical axis angle 2v = 58, refractive index Np= 1.52 1+0, nm = 1.523, ng =1.530; Birefringence ng-Ng-Np=0.009.
Chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine
The main component is hydrated calcium sulfate (CaSO4 2H2O). Among them, Cao is 32.5%, 46.6% and H20 is 20.9%. In addition, impurities such as adherends, sand, organic matter and sulfides are often mixed in. According to the analysis of Beijing Medical College, in addition to calcium sulfate, there are trace amounts of Fe++ and Mg++. Gypsum is anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4). It mainly contains hydrated calcium sulfate (CaSO4 2H2O). It usually contains a small amount of aluminum, silicon, magnesium, iron and trace elements such as strontium and barium. Some products are also mixed with impurities such as soil, organic matter and sand.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine
(1) Take a small piece (about 2g) of this product, put it in a test tube with a small cork and burn it. Water is generated on the pipe wall, and small pieces become transparent body. (2) Take this product powder (0.2g), add 10ml dilute hydrochloric acid, and heat it to dissolve. The solution shows the differential reaction between calcium salt and sulfate. Sulfate identification test was carried out under mirabilite. Calcium salt identification reaction: take test solution` (1→20), add 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution, neutralize with ammonia test solution, then add dilute hydrochloric acid until it is just acidic, add ammonium oxalate test solution to generate white precipitate (CaC2O4), and filter. The precipitate is insoluble in acetic acid and soluble in hydrochloric acid. It can also be identified by infrared spectrum or X-ray diffraction.
Various exhibitions
1. On spleen and stomach: Don't use plaster if you eat less. Gypsum can remove the pulse condition. If the condition subsides and the pulse condition does not subside, there is no cure.
2. Herbal tonic: gypsum, the medicine of Yangming meridian, Yangming main muscle, sweet, can slow spleen and replenish qi, quench thirst and remove fire, its pungent, can relieve muscle sweat, up to the head, beginning with Taiyin Shaoyang, can control three meridians. At the end of the research, vinegar research pills are as big as mung beans to purge stomach fire, phlegm fire and food accumulation.
3. Outline: Li Shiyun in Dongyuan, taking White Tiger Soup before long summer makes people urinate, which is too much. Yangming's body fluid cannot be lost to the lungs, and the clear qi in the lungs is also reduced again. There are five kinds of steamed soup in ancient and modern prescriptions for treating various steaming diseases, which are also white tiger plus ginseng, poria cocos, rehmannia glutinosa and pueraria lobata. Wang Dao's "The Secret of Outer Taiwan" treats chronic cough caused by bone steaming and fatigue. It takes gypsum as a needle, and one kilogram of licorice powder is ground into flour. It is said that it is non-toxic and beneficial, and it is a good medicine for nourishing life. We can't ignore its meanness and doubt its coldness. "Records of Famous Doctors" said that Yang Shicheng, a female, was hot inside and cold outside, and many doctors ignored her. She used this recipe to treat diseases in Wu, but her body was cold. Fools say that these are all young and strong, and their lungs and stomachs are full of fire. Edible and sick people all say so. If qi deficiency and blood deficiency lead to gastrointestinal weakness, it is not suitable. At the age of 50, Guangjilin was ill, with excessive phlegm and fever, or he couldn't eat with only a catty of plaster, but he coughed frequently and his condition was very good, so he had to eat. This masks the patient's mental illness, so plaster is nothing.
4. Classic of Materia Medica: Gypsum, pungent, can relax tendons, sweet can reduce fire, cold and pungent, sweet can remove heat, so Classic of Materia Medica mainly treats stroke, cold and heat, and heat leads to wind. When the evil fire rushes up, there will be asthma under the heart; Yangming's pathogenic heat is very hot, so his mouth is dry. If pathogenic heat accumulates in the stomach, the epigastric cavity will be hard and painful. If the evil heat does not go, the gods will be delirious; When the muscles clear away heat and sweat, the syndrome will subside. However, milk production and acne are not their purposes. In Bielu, except for headache, body heat, triple energizer fever, skin fever, epigastric diaphragmatic qi, muscle sweating, thirst quenching, irritability, abdominal distension, shortness of breath and dyspnea, all diseases are caused by excessive pathogenic heat in the stomach meridian of Foot Yangming, but dyspnea and pharynx heat are slightly combined with hand Taiyin disease. This medicine can dispel the pathogenic heat of Yangming and reduce the phlegm heat of Taiyin in the hand, so the master is known. Cough relieving is also used to treat typhoid fever, such as headache and excess heat like fire. "Rihuazi" is used to cure the madness of the sky, the head wind whirls, and the teeth are wiped. Dongyuan is used to remove stomach heat and lung heat, disperse yang evil, slow down the spleen and replenish qi. When the evil heat disappears, the spleen will slow down and the vitality will come back. It is also called stopping headache, fever and chills in Yangming Meridian. Eating hot flashes, thirst, heatstroke and toothache every day are all diseases of Yangming Meridian, but treating Yangming Meridian is not good. Foot Yangming controls muscles and hand Taiyin controls fur, so it is also an important product for removing spots and breaking out rashes. If you use it less, it is hard to blame, and doctors all over the world don't understand. This is a special statement. Gypsum is an essential medicine for relieving summer-heat, dispelling pathogenic factors, quenching thirst and removing annoyance. The warmth of two diseases is related to Yangming. If you have a headache and bone pain all over your body, but you are not thirsty, you will not be attracted to the drinker, and the evil will also be in Yang. If you don't disperse Yangming, you should not use it properly. For seven or eight days, evil has accumulated, with dry stools, cold and hot. Don't use it if it fits. Summer-dampness and catharsis, spleen and stomach weakness. Malaria pathogen is not thirsty if it is not in Yangming, so it is not suitable for use. Postpartum cold and fever due to blood deficiency or lochia; Bone steaming fatigue is due to insufficient yin essence, not exogenous factors; Golden sore, breastfeeding, beyond their duties; It should be examined carefully, not abused.
5. "Medicine Signs": "A Record of Famous Doctors" says that there is a cold plaster, and since doctors are afraid of it, they don't care. Zhongjing's statement is that there is no fever, and the syndrome of Yuemai Decoction is also yin, while both sides mainly use gypsum, but Zhongjing's medication shows its cold and heat. I believe in the past, too, so I put a plaster on those who are thirsty and not hot, and I have never seen the disease. Summer heat, so that people who are thirsty take gypsum powder to quench their thirst, no longer see its harm; Gypsum is not enough to quench your thirst, so you can know yourself and know yourself.
6. "Chongqing Tang Essays": Gypsum, which is considered to be the main drug for treating epidemic diseases, is specially used for rhubarb, saying that gypsum is not available. Why? Gai said that summer heat is a disease and summer heat is the weather, that is, Zhong Sheng called the epidemic of evil in the Qing Dynasty. It can also be said that wet temperature is a kind of disease, and wet is a kind of local qi, that is, the cloud-turbid pathogens are also contagious. Eliminating evil is an invisible dry fire, and it is better to go down after clearing it; Turbid pathogen is tangible and wet, which is not as clear as the following. They are knowledgeable and can be used as two methods to treat epidemic diseases.
7. "Western Medical Experience": Gypsum is cool, can disperse, and has the power to relax muscles. Those who are full of exogenous heat use it boldly, which is better than the elixir. Shennong is said to be slightly cold, so it is naturally not very cold. It is also said that it is suitable for milk production, and the gender is particularly pure. Doctors often mistake it for a bad cold, so the nature of transmission becomes convergent (those who order tofu must use it to converge), so as to treat those who have real heat due to exogenous factors. They actually hold back the phlegm and solidify it until it is enough to hurt people once or twice, which is to turn the elixir into poison. Regarding the misuse of calcined gypsum, the popular view is whether calcined gypsum is wrong. It is said that the violent use of calcined gypsum is enough to hurt people, but it is more obvious for those who do not use it. Therefore, we advocate harmony, and regard gypsum as a dangerous road, that is, people who use it boldly, and stop for seven or eight dollars. The quality of gypsum is the heaviest, and seven or eight dollars is only a handful of ears. A mild cold medicine needs a big pinch to put out the cold, hot and warm fire. How can it have a great effect? Therefore, exogenous excess heat should be treated with plaster in a fool's way, and the symptoms will be mild twice; If the excess heat is intense, use it to four, five, seven or eight times, or use it alone or in combination with other drugs. You must take three or four cups of soup and drink it slowly in four or five times. You don't have to wait for the heat to cool down before using the full dose. People who eat so much soup want to avoid the suspicion of patients, and want to keep their medicine in the upper and middle energizer forever, and the cold and cold will not attack and cause diarrhea. Classically, plaster is used externally to stop the bleeding of golden sore. With calcined gypsum powder, apply gold sore bleeding, the effect is very good. Covering the wall with lime for many years is good for stopping bleeding of golden sore. Gypsum is similar to lime after calcination, so it is good to see that calcined gypsum cannot be taken orally.
8. "Classic": the main stroke is cold and heat, the heart is contrary to qi stagnation, the breath is scared, the mouth is dry, it can't stop, the abdomen is hard and painful, and the breast is sore.
9. "No recording": degassing, headache, body fever, triple energizer fever, skin fever, epigastric diaphragmatic fever, muscle sweating, thirst quenching, abdominal distension, wheezing and pharynx fever. It can also be used as bath soup.
10. On the nature of drugs: treating typhoid fever, such as splitting headache, intense summer heat, burning skin like fire, polydipsia, muscle relaxation, toxic sweat, stomach stagnation, boredom, anxiety and irritability, dry mouth and dry lips. Boil tea with onion to relieve headache.
1 1. "Rihuazi Herbal Medicine": Treating fever, sagging breasts, head wind whirling, irritability, and brushing teeth.
12. "Pearl Capsule": to stop Yangming's headache) to stop thirst, heatstroke and hot flashes.
13. Heart Medicine: a medicine for treating cold of stomach meridian, moistening lung and clearing heat, dispersing yin evil, slowing spleen and benefiting qi.
14. Yang Tuying: It is the best way to treat sores without breaking tendons.
15. Compendium of Materia Medica: The upper abdominal pain is very severe, so swallow it.
16. Changsha liquid medicine: clear the heart and moisten the lungs, treat dysphoria, relieve depression and heat, stop dryness and thirst, treat fever mania, reduce fire and cough, stop sweating and heat, eliminate phlegm and heat, stop epistaxis, regulate aphtha, regulate sore throat, promote lactation, smooth breast carbuncle, eliminate fire and burn, and treat golden sore.
17. Herbal rejuvenation: for headache, fever, dim eyes, toothache, disinfestation and diuresis.