Is Lancang County, Pu'er City, Yunnan Province suitable for growing kiwi fruit?
Can be planted.
1. Requirements for the growth environment of kiwifruit
According to resource surveys and introduction and cultivation practices in various places, the main ecological factors that affect the growth and development of kiwifruit are temperature, humidity, soil, light, etc. .
1. Temperature: Temperature is one of the important factors affecting the growth and development of kiwifruit. Temperature not only affects its geographical distribution, but also affects its growth and development process. From a comprehensive analysis of the temperature factors of kiwifruit production, it is known that kiwifruit can grow normally in areas with an annual average temperature above 11°C. There are many mountainous areas where the annual average temperature is 11.3-16.9℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.3-41.1℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -9.6-20℃, the accumulated temperature is ≥10℃ 4500-5200℃, and the frost-free period is 210-290 days. The germination of kiwifruit is very sensitive to temperature requirements. The average temperature required for germination is relatively stable. According to measurements in different regions at home and abroad, it is believed that the biological zero temperature of kiwifruit is 8℃. If the daily average temperature is higher than 8℃, Hongyang kiwifruit begins to sprout and grow; if the average temperature is below 8°C, the growth of kiwifruit will be affected. The long-lasting high humidity and drought weather in summer will also affect the growth and development of Hongyang kiwifruit, causing leaf fall, fruit drop or dead shoots.
2. Soil: Soil is the basis for the growth of kiwifruit. The nutrients and water required by kiwifruit are mainly obtained from the soil. The various physical and chemical properties of the soil directly affect the growth and development of kiwifruit. Kiwi prefers sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil, good water retention and drainage, and high humus content. This kind of soil has a good aggregate structure, which is conducive to excellent conditions for water storage, water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply, and is therefore conducive to the growth and development of the root system. Kiwi grows well in sandy loam soil because this soil can meet the requirements of its fleshy root system with good aeration and water permeability. Kiwi does not grow well on heavy clay soil because the clay aggregate structure is poor, has poor air and water permeability, and has poor root development. Therefore, when cultivating Hongyang kiwifruit, you must pay attention to the selection of soil. If you plant on soil that is sticky, prone to waterlogging, or dry and infertile, you must carefully improve the soil. Kiwi has certain requirements for the pH of the soil. Generally, it can grow well in acidic, slightly acidic or neutral soil, so it likes the soil to grow normally within the pH range of 5.5-6.5, and can grow normally in soil with a pH above 7.5. On alkaline soil, kiwifruit will suffer from iron deficiency and yellowing. If cultivation techniques and measures can be applied in a timely manner to improve the conditions required, good growth results can also be achieved. Through measures such as soil improvement and fertilization, kiwi fruit has basically grown well.
3. Moisture: Moisture is the most basic component of kiwi fruit, and its various life activities must include moisture. Insufficient or excessive moisture will affect the growth and development of kiwi fruit. The root system of kiwifruit is shallow, fleshy roots, few backbone roots, underdeveloped lateral roots, vigorous growth of above-ground branches and leaves, thin and large leaves, thin cuticle, and the xylem vessels of its roots and stems are relatively thick, resulting in large water evaporation. Characteristics determine that kiwifruit is a tree species with weak physiological drought tolerance, and it has strict requirements on soil moisture and air humidity. In particular, the seedling stage requires a moist environment, proper shading and regular soil moisture to prevent the seedlings from dying. Kiwis often grow poorly on dry and barren sunny slopes on ridges and mountain tops. In the case of drought, water shortage and high temperature, kiwi fruit will show small leaves, yellow flowers, slow growth or cessation of new shoots, withered leaves or scorched leaf edges, a large number of fallen leaves, and fruit drop. In severe cases, the whole plant may die. During the growing season, high temperature and drought are the two main factors that endanger wild growth and development. Agricultural measures to prevent high temperatures and droughts are mostly based on drought resistance. Timely and reasonable irrigation can indirectly lower the temperature and reduce the harm of high temperatures. Because plants transpire a large amount of water, the temperature of the tree body can also be lowered. Kiwi fruit can grow and develop well in an environment with annual rainfall of about 1,000 mm and relative air humidity of 70%-80%.
4. Light: kiwi fruit's light requirements vary with age. The seedling stage likes shade, while the adult plant likes light. Under good light conditions, the tree will be strong and bear little or no fruit; if If it is too shaded, the branches will not grow fully, and the lower branches will die easily, resulting in little or no fruit, small fruits, and poor quality; kiwi fruit should not be exposed to strong light. Direct strong light is accompanied by high temperature and drought, which is extremely detrimental to the growth of kiwi fruit and often causes sunburn on the fruit. Serious or even large-scale fruit drop will affect the yield and quality. The sunshine hours of kiwi fruit in natural distribution areas are mostly between 300-2600 hours, which can generally meet the light requirements for its growth and development.
5. Wind: Wind is one of the factors that affects the growth of kiwi fruit. In spring, the new shoots are young and tender, and the leaves are thin and large. They are easily damaged by wind, causing the young shoots to break and the new leaves to tear. Dry and hot winds often occur around the wheat harvest in May. At this time, there is insufficient moisture in the soil, and the large hot air flow greatly increases the amount of steam. In the absence of protective facilities and insufficient water supply, the edges of the leaves begin to brown and discolor, and in severe cases, the entire leaf The scorch falls off.
6. Slope aspect: Slope aspect has a certain influence on kiwi fruit. According to the survey, the southern slope has stronger sunshine, longer sunshine hours and higher temperature. At the beginning of the physical period, the evaporation is large and it is easy to Suffering from drought, frost and sunburn, the soil is barren; the temperature on the north slope is lower, the sunshine is weak and short, the humidity is high, the evaporation is low, the climatic period is short, and the soil is fertile; the east and west slopes face Between the south and north slope directions.
In the natural distribution, there are very few kiwis on southern slopes. In addition to the above weaknesses, the natural conditions of sunny slopes make it difficult for seedlings to survive. Therefore, the natural distribution of kiwi fruit is generally more on semi-shady slopes, where it grows vigorously and bears more fruits. 7. Altitude: Depending on the latitude, altitude, climate, landform, soil and social activities of the growing area, the vertical distribution of kiwi fruit's main distribution areas also varies. Generally, as the latitude advances northward, the temperature drops by 0.7°C. ; Every time the altitude increases by 100 meters, the temperature drops by 0.5°C. Therefore, in northern areas, if the altitude is too high, the accumulated temperature will be insufficient and the growth period will be short. The growth of kiwi fruit will be affected. The fruit will not mature normally, has poor quality and is susceptible to frost damage, losing its economic cultivation significance. The required altitude is between 400-1000 meters, with 500-800 meters being the best. There are kiwi fruits distributed everywhere, but the distribution is more concentrated at a height of 300-1200 meters.
On higher mountains, they are distributed between 500-1200 meters, and densely distributed between 600-800 meters; on lower mountains, they are more densely distributed between 500-750 meters, whether near mountains or distant mountains, people Where I live, kiwi fruit is rarely seen growing