Why was Moscow not occupied by the Germans during World War II?

First, underestimate the enemy. Hitler underestimated the Soviet Union as early as the preparatory stage of the war against the Soviet Union. It turned out that the intelligence department found that there were 200 divisions in the Soviet Union through investigation, but as many as 360 divisions were found after the war. The Soviet army's war damage supplement discouraged the Germans. German generals often complained: "The Soviet army was eliminated by one division and immediately added 12 divisions." Coupled with Hitler's overestimation and blind optimism about the German fighting capacity, he planned to completely defeat the Soviet Union within six weeks and end the whole war before the arrival of winter. So there is no winter equipment for the Germans. Unfortunately, the winter of 4 1 came early. First, the rainy season in September made the German armored forces suffer enough. /kloc-a cold snap struck in October, and the temperature plummeted to MINUS 30 degrees, which was bad luck for most Germans wearing summer clothes. The attack speed of the Germans was greatly slowed down, a large number of Germans were frozen to death and frostbite, and a large number of technical equipment were also frozen. The tank engine was frozen, the bolt could not be pulled open, the gun sight was frozen, and it was impossible to aim, which greatly reduced the German combat effectiveness. Hitler forced the munitions department to produce 3 million sets of cotton coats, but it was too late, and only a small number of cotton coats were actually delivered to the Germans. On the contrary, the Soviets have long been used to the cold winter. They put on warm clothes one by one. Their weapons can also keep out the cold. Cannons have cold shields and their bodies are lubricated with lubricating oil. In this way, the advantages of both sides are tilted.

The second North-South split. For a long time, historians have given different opinions about the division of troops between the North and the South in August. Some people think that in order to protect the Moscow battle, he wiped out a large number of Soviet effective forces and completely eliminated the threat of the Soviet army's south wing. This is true. Others said that this gave the Soviets a breathing space. They gave the Soviets two months to set up a defense line outside Moscow, mobilize the masses, send more troops and strengthen their defense. It seems that they are both right. Personally, I prefer the latter. Although the victory of the battle of Kiev caused the Soviet Union to lose a huge strategic mobile corps and the entire southern front collapsed, compared with Moscow, this sacrifice was worthwhile. As the capital of the Soviet Union, Moscow is the economic, cultural and military center. Half of its arsenal is in Moscow, which is located in the heart of the Soviet Union, with railway transportation and subways leading to the whole country and the entire Soviet government agencies. Some people will say that according to the principles of Napoleon and clausewitz, it is more important to annihilate the enemy's effective strength than to occupy the enemy's land. Yes, but this sentence does not apply to everyone, such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, Japan and other small countries. But is it effective for this country with a large population and huge strategic depth? The Soviet Union mobilized tens of millions of reserve troops in a very short time, which Germany could not afford. The only way is to stun its central nervous system and throw its huge army into chaos. The Soviet command system is not perfect. Once you lose command, you will completely collapse, which can be seen at the beginning of the war. Therefore, the fall of Kiev had little impact on the Soviet Union, which made it take the Soviet Union nearly two months to mobilize the Moscow people, set up three deep defense lines outside the city, and prepared for the battle. Although the Germans won, the armored forces suffered serious losses and their spirit was greatly reduced. With the fall of autumn leaves, Mother Dong is waving to the German guests in the distance. At this time, Hitler woke up from his dream, but it was too late. His strategic mistake cost him the only and last chance to defeat the Soviet Union.

Third, lack of strategic vision. Few people know that at the most critical moment of the Moscow Battle, Stalin turned the corner with secret weapons. This is an elite Siberian army specially trained by the Soviet Union, specializing in cold operations. The fresh troops of more than 30 divisions went into battle, and the situation was immediately reversed. These more than 30 divisions were used to guard against the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in the northeast of China. In fact, as early as the eve of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Neutrality between Japan and the Soviet Union in April to prevent future attacks between Germany and Japan. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Soviet Union learned through the intelligence personnel in Japan and China that the Japanese cabinet, after discussion, gave up the strategy of waging war with the Soviet Union and went to compete with Britain and the United States for Southeast Asia and implemented the southward advancement. By the way, this may be related to 1939, when the imperial army suffered a great loss from the Russians in Nomenkan. Russians are tough, so let's wrestle with young American soldiers. This gave Stalin a reassurance. When the German pioneer rushed less than 30 miles from Moscow, he was very happy to see the red star on the Kremlin spire with a telescope. Hitler looked down on the Japanese in his bones. He thought that the Japanese were short and unreasonable, and he was still upset during the World War I holiday, so it was a big mistake for the Japanese to sign a neutral treaty with the Soviet Union in the subsequent invasion of the Soviet Union. If Hitler and Japan were in harmony at the beginning and Japan was hostile to the Soviet Union, even if they did not participate in the war, it would be fine to hold exercises on the Soviet border and create some friction, which would allow the Soviet Union to draw a large part of its troops to guard against Japan in the Far East. If Japan is persuaded to go to war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union and Germany will attack the north and south, and World War II is likely to be rewritten. Hitler paid the price for his conceit. At the critical moment of the battle in Moscow, when both sides were exhausted, the Far East troops were like magic soldiers falling from the sky, and the sudden input of fresh troops tilted the balance. At this time, the Germans are already a spent force. At this time, they saw that the Soviet Union still had a reserve team, and their morale was in chaos, and they collapsed one after another, and finally fell short.