It seems like we have traveled back in time - students from Keqiao Middle School in Zhejiang Province listen to the story of Lanruo Temple

? It seems like we have traveled back in time - students from Keqiao Middle School in Zhejiang Province listen to the story of Lanruo Temple

In order to welcome the upcoming International Museum Day and enhance the students of Keqiao Middle School’s perception of their hometown culture, 2018 At 10 a.m. on May 11, 2019, Luo Rupeng, a doctor of archeology from the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Peking University, was invited to give a lecture titled "Introduction to the Archaeological Work of Lanruo Temple, Pingshui Town, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City" at the Keqiao District Cultural Center. This lecture was hosted by Gao Xingjiang, Director of Shaoxing Yue Culture Museum. Mr. Liu Xiaoqing, head of the Literary and History Club and Director of the Teaching Department of Keqiao Middle School in Zhejiang Province, Mr. Rongwei, the manager of the Literary and Historical Club, and students of the Literary and Historical Club listened to the lecture. The venue was full of seats and the atmosphere was great. warm.

Dr. Luo kicked off this lecture by introducing the film "A Chinese Ghost Story" from the 1980s. First of all, he talked about the origin of the discovery of the Lanruo Temple Cemetery. Due to the implementation of a construction project, the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau commissioned the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology and the Archaeological Department of the Keqiao District Cultural Development Center to conduct archaeological exploration within the construction planning scope. As a result, a Southern Song Dynasty cemetery-Lanruo Temple Cemetery was discovered on the north bank of Lanruo Temple Reservoir and at the southern foot of Huangfen Mountain. It was built in the late Southern Song Dynasty and was used no later than the early Yuan Dynasty. It is the largest one discovered in my country during the Southern Song Dynasty. , a high-level cemetery with the most complete layout.

Secondly, Dr. Luo introduced the scale and composition of Lanruo Temple Cemetery. In terms of scale, compared with other Southern Song Dynasty cemeteries in Zhejiang Province, the famous Shi family tombs in Ningbo Dongqian Lake and Yuyao have Shi Hao, Shi Miyuan, and Shi Song, the "three prime ministers of one family", who have overwhelming power. Shi Miyuan was the prime minister of Song Ningzong and Song Lizong, his father Shi Hao was the prime minister of Song Xiaozong, and his nephew Shi Songzhi was the prime minister of Song Lizong. They were all the highest-ranking people in the Southern Song Dynasty, so the tombs are in accordance with the order of Song Dynasty. Made as a gift. However, judging from archaeological discoveries, the tombs of these people, based on the cemetery framework alone, are actually less than one-third the size of the Lanruo Temple Cemetery. Judging from the area revealed so far, the Lanruo Temple Cemetery occupies at least 12,000 square meters, which shows its huge scale. From the composition point of view, this cemetery is composed of feng shui environment, cemeteries, tomb temples, etc. From the perspective of feng shui environment, there are two mountains stretching in front of the place. Qinglong Mountain is hidden in the layers of Rizhu Ridge, and there is a small mountain in front of the garden. The stream flows through, with a mountain behind it. It feels like being embraced by the mountain, giving you a strong sense of security and a "hugging place" in Feng Shui. The tomb temple is in front of the Lanruo Temple Reservoir built in 1956, about 150 meters away from the east side of the cemetery. , exposed due to the dry season, it appears that there are three entrances to the courtyard, and each entrance to the courtyard is also surrounded by stone rafters like this. Dr. Luo believes that it corresponds to this cemetery and is most likely a tomb temple conferred by the cemetery. After oral investigation, the people said that it was a temple and that there was a nunnery behind the mountain. Although they could not be found, You can see the door shaft like the stone mortar of the old gate. The temple and the nunnery are very close to each other, maybe only about 200 meters. "And this is the Gongdefen Temple. Just like in the 14th year of Jiading (1221), the imperial court ordered Zhiguo Temple to be renamed the Gongdefen Temple of Yuefeng, and was given the title "Praise Zhong Yanfu Zen Temple". It preceded The cemetery existed, and the imperial court gave a plaque to this tomb temple, which not only guarded the tomb, but also helped the tomb owner to perform meritorious deeds. It is a reflection of the hierarchy and constitutes a very complete cemetery in the Southern Song Dynasty. The entire cemetery is divided into upper and lower parts. Of the two parts, the first level platform at the bottom is the "Xiayuan", covering an area of ​​more than 6,000 square meters. It is a closed area, and it is speculated that this area may have been built separately from the Southern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum for daily worship and tomb guardians. The "lower palace" has a similar meaning to the courtyard building area. The second to fourth level terraces are the "upper garden", which should be the high-level building area dedicated to worship and the core area of ​​the main tomb. To the third level platform, symmetrical along the central axis, the archaeological team discovered here the multi-level stone mounds, stone walls, palace gates, wing rooms, main halls, courtyards and other relics. Archaeological excavations confirmed that the size of the hall was seven rooms wide and three rooms deep. According to Zhou Bida's records in "Si Ling Lu", the dedication hall of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was also a main hall, with only three bays. Therefore, this is the largest single cemetery building in the Southern Song Dynasty.

? The top of the cemetery, which is the "key part" that ordinary people are most interested in - the main tomb area, except that there is no circular seal, but a slope paved with square bricks or stones. The layout of the main tomb area is basically consistent with the characteristics of the tombs of high-level nobles in the Southern Song Dynasty. It consists of a Xumizuo, a ring (walk), a tower, a main tomb chamber, partition walls, stone retaining walls, etc.

Moreover, the tower was discovered in the main tomb area. At the four corners of the main tomb, the two raised corners can still be seen. The appearance of the tower completely marked the cemetery with a high level. The four corners of the seal can clearly represent identity. According to the "Tian Sheng Ling" recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty, "For all tombs, gates and four corners should be built at the gates of the third rank and above, and earthen moats should be built at the fifth rank and above, and the rest are just tombs." This means that only for officials of the third rank and above can the four corners of the cemetery be built. . There are towers built at the four corners of Lanruo Temple's tomb, and the owner of the tomb is obviously a senior official of third rank or above. Taking into account the specifications of the tombs and cemeteries, they far exceed those of Ningbo Dongqian Lake and Yuyao Shi family tombs, including Xiuyuan and other important cemeteries that were very popular during the Southern Song Dynasty. In this way, it pointed to the highest standards at that time.

Who is the owner of the tomb has become a question that students desperately want to know. Dr. Luo has also thought and analyzed it. Currently, academic circles believe that the tomb is located in Shaoxing, pointing to the highest standards at that time, and the method is completely Jiangnan style. , if they were from Shaoxing, in the late Southern Song Dynasty, there were no more than 10 people with this status in the entire eastern Zhejiang, and only one or two in Shaoxing. Based on this, it is speculated that Zhao Xizong, the biological father of Song Lizong, is the most likely. "Of course there are other possibilities, which depend on further sorting and research.

In addition, Dr. Luo also analyzed and displayed the relationship between Song Liuling and Lanruo Temple Cemetery, as well as the unearthed architectural components, further pointing out that the Southern Song Dynasty The glory of architectural history. Finally, Dr. Luo had a heated exchange on the questions raised by the students and encouraged the students to invest in archaeology.

Through this lecture, the students learned more about the Lanruo Temple Cemetery and enhanced their knowledge. At the same time, we understand the charm of archeology and its relationship with history, as well as the difficulty and perseverance of archaeologists.