Introduction to the four ancient Chinese academies?

See: /view/326584.htm China's four major academies include: Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu and Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, which is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. Located at the foot of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of Wulaofeng Mountain in Lushan Mountain, there are Zuo Yi in the west and Zhuo'er Mountain in the south, three mountains around the platform, and a middle stream (Guandaoxi). Without the noise of the market, there will be the victory of Chunshi. The hospital has a mountainous area of 3,000 mu and a building area of 3,800 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is quiet and quiet, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Academy "started in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty, and continued in Ming and Qing Dynasties", which has been over 1000 years. It was originally the secluded place of Li Bo, a Luoyang native, and his brother in the first year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dynasty (785). Li Bo keeps a white deer, who goes in and out to follow, and is called Mr. White Deer. Later, Li Bo was the secretariat of Jiangzhou. He built a platform to grow flowers in his former secluded place, numbered Bailudong. In fact, there is no cave, just because there are green hills around him, which looks like a cave. Bailudong was named after it. At the end of the Tang dynasty, the soldiers were in chaos, and the elegant people came here to study. During the Kaiyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Shandao, Zhu Bi and others set up fields here and gathered disciples to give lectures, which was called "Lushan Mountain Gardening". At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the academy expanded, and it was called the four major academies together with Suiyang, Shigu and Yuelu. Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianism and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, was ordered to learn about Nankang Army, to make a field trip to Bailudong Academy, to obtain the consent of Xiaozong, to raise funds to build houses, to collect books, to hire famous teachers, to gather students and to give lectures in person, and to formulate five canons, namely, the famous Bailudong Academy revealed. The Rules of Bailudong Academy not only embodies Zhu's educational thought of "respecting things, knowing and doing, being sincere, being upright, cultivating oneself, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world" based on a set of Confucian classics, but also becomes a 700-year-old school-running model of China feudal society after the Southern Song Dynasty, and is also one of the earliest educational rules and regulations in the history of education. At this point, Bailudong Academy reached its heyday, known as "the first academy in China", and "the literati's style of writing was in full bloom and elegant at one time". Bailudong Academy, like Yuelu Academy, became an important base for studying Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was destroyed by war. The earliest maintenance in Ming dynasty was in the first year of orthodoxy (1436), and there were also repairs in Chenghua, Hongzhi, Jiajing and Wanli. Bailudong Academy in Qing Dynasty was still renovated many times and continued to run. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, the political and economic changes in China witnessed an upsurge of educational reform. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), the Qing emperor ordered the reform and changed the academy into a school. In the 29th year of Guangxu, Bailudong Academy was closed, and Dong Tian was managed by Nankangfu (now Xing Zi) Middle School. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), Bailudong Academy was changed to Jiangxi Higher Forestry School. During the 700 years from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Bailudong Academy has been the center of Neo-Confucianism in China during the Song and Ming Dynasties. Lu Xiangshan, Wang Yangming and others have all given lectures here. The halls and pavilions of the academy are magnificent and scattered, and teachers and students gather together like a city of learning. During the Kuomintang period, Chiang Kai-shek prepared to ask Nanchang Zhongzheng University to take over Bailudong Academy, but it didn't come true. After the founding of New China, the government took a series of measures to protect and maintain Bailudong Academy. 1959 is listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangxi province; Lushan Bailudong Cultural Relics Management Office was established in1979; 1988 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit and a national second-class nature reserve. In the same year, Bailudong Academy was established as an academic research institution. 1990, the management Committee of Lushan Bailudong Academy was established. At present, Bailudong Academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception and garden construction. 1928, Hu Shi came to Bailudong Academy and praised it. Hu Shi praised Bailudong for two reasons. First, "Bailudong Academy is the earliest academy in China and one of the' Four Worshipers'"; Second, Zhu's "White Deer Cave Regulations" is "simple and clear, and has become the educational purpose of later generations for 700 years." There is a famous conclusion in his Travel Notes on Lushan Mountain: "There are three historical sites in Lushan Mountain, which represent three major trends: (1) Lindong, Hui Yuan, which represents the general trend of" Buddhism "and" China "in China. (2) White Deer Cave represents the general trend of Song studies in China in recent 700 years. (3) Guling represents the general trend of western culture invading China. The natural scenery of Bailudong Academy is extremely beautiful, with four mountains surrounding the platform, towering ancient trees, ancient bridges crossing streams and unique caves. Now it has become a good mirror of cultural tourism. There are beautiful pines and cypresses in the courtyard, flowers and plants compete for fragrance and the environment is quiet and beautiful. The museum's collection reflects the historical and cultural glory of Lushan Mountain, including ancient bronzes and ancient ceramics unearthed locally and collected from other places, calligraphy rubbings by famous calligraphers Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Mi Fei and Huang Tingjian in Tang and Song Dynasties, painting and calligraphy scrolls by famous painters Tang Yin, Zheng Banqiao and Zhu Da in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the most precious ones are Five Hundred Arhats, Hua Yan Jing in Blood and crystal beads, all of which are national first-class cultural treasures. Under the guidance of Confucian Neo-Confucianism, Bailudong Academy, relying on Lushan Mountain, a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and relying on the careful cultivation of scholars and enthusiastic educators in previous dynasties, has gained a profound culture different from that of temple-style state, government and county schools, which makes people yearn for, explore and pursue. This is why it has been full of vitality, soul and charm for more than 1000 years. Bailuyuan Academy is connected in series from west to east along the west of Guandao in the existing buildings, and is composed of building communities such as Academy Gate House, Ziyang Academy, Bailuyuan Academy and Yan Hotel. The buildings all face south, with stone or brick-wood structure, and the roof is a herringbone hard peak, which is quite elegant and indifferent.