There are several types of urban residences in ancient China and what are their characteristics?
You can check the China Residential Stamp Series to find out.
Mongolian yurts and felt yurts are tents used by Mongolian, Kazakh, Tajik and other ethnic herdsmen in my country. They are generally round in shape and were called "Qionglu" or "Felt Tent" in ancient times. Mongolian yurts generally use wicker as the skeleton, the outside is wrapped with wool felt, and a supportable circular skylight is set in the center of the top. It is a movable circular dwelling. Paint gray grass mud on both sides of the wicker instead of felt to become a semi-permanent fixed yurt. An earthen wall was connected between the two circular houses, forming three houses side by side and evolved into an earthen house.
South Tibet Diao Fang Villages and towns in southern Tibet are rich in stone villages. Residential houses are generally built with stone walls and are 2-3 meters high, called Diao Fang. Diaofang is made of wood as beams, columns and rafters. Flat roofs, some with verandahs. There are bright colors on the wooden beams and pillars, and glass on the windows, which may effectively utilize the abundant sunshine in the area. In the vast grasslands of pastoral areas, herders live in square tents. The top of the tent is a felt blanket made of cow hair, and the surrounding area is surrounded by grass and mud blocks to form a low wall. Diaofang conforms to the natural conditions of the plateau, agricultural and animal husbandry production, Lamaism beliefs, living habits and the needs of self-defense.
Residential residences in the three northeastern provinces Jilin - Mongolian horse frame house The horse frame house is the main house among the Mongolian farmers' residences in Jilin Province. It has a mountain on the gable and is shaped like the horse frame of Han farmers in the eastern mountainous area of Jilin, so it is called horse frame. Frame house. The flat surface of the house is nearly square, and the upper part can be covered with an elliptical roof, which is very similar to a yurt, maintaining the national custom of the Mongolian people. The horse frame house is entirely made of mud walls without a foundation, and is surrounded by adobe walls on all sides. When it rains continuously, the walls will fall off due to moisture, making it difficult for the house to last long.
Hunan Folk Houses - Fenghuo Wall Hunan folk houses are mostly composed of three rooms, one bright and two dark, in the front and back. The middle is the inner courtyard, planted with flowers and trees. The house space is high and there is an attic. Architectural selection Balanced; green tiles and pink walls, with a wind and fire wall inside the wall, with mountains on the back and water on the side, a beautiful environment. Generally, peasant houses do not have tall gables. For example, Comrade Mao Zedong’s former residence in Shaoshan is a typical Hunan farm house.
Jiangsu folk houses (see attached picture) Jiangsu has a mild and humid climate and abundant waters. Most of the urban and rural folk houses take advantage of the terrain and are freely and flexibly scattered on the water-filled gaps. They are built along the river or across the water. Built by the stream. Housing layout is compact, usually two-story buildings with pavilions. The house has high floors, thin walls, deep eaves, tall doors and windows, which are conducive to ventilation. The appearance is simple, with whitewashed walls and gray tiles reflecting the shadows, and slit windows reflecting the water. It is nestled among the peach willows, silk bamboos, and forms a unique waterside home.
Siheyuan Siheyuan-style housing is the most common form of housing in our country and has the longest history. Its layout is often "one front and two rooms". The main room (upper room) is located on the central axis of the whole house, facing south, and has the highest bay, depth, height and decoration in the whole house. The wing rooms on both sides of the yard set off the main house. The yard is a hub for transportation, lighting, and ventilation, and is equipped with greenery, making it a center for rest and family activities. Most of the gates of residences are located in the southeast corner, which symbolizes the "Xunmen" direction in the Feng Shui Bagua and is associated with the auspiciousness of "purple air coming from the east". The courtyard houses in Beijing are the most representative.
The Dai Bamboo House is said to have been built by the ancestors of the Dai people based on the image of a phoenix landing in Dai Township. The bamboo building is divided into upper and lower floors. The residents on the upper floor are about 2.5 meters away from the ground, with wooden piles or green bamboo as pillars. The lower floor has no walls and is used for raising livestock and storing debris. The roof is double-sloped in a herringbone shape and covered with "straw rows" or tiles. The interior is separated by bamboo walls, with an inner bedroom and an outer guest room. The floor is flexible, allowing sunlight and wind to penetrate through the bamboo seams, making it elegant and comfortable.
Shanghai “Shikumen” houses Apart from some garden buildings, the “Shikumen” houses in lane lanes are the most representative of Shanghai’s old residences. Large tracts of residences are arranged in rows and adjacent to each other. The indoor building layout is compact, 2-3 stories high, with a green tiled pitched roof and a small balcony. Simple decorations are often made on the front of the building, the top of the wall, and the door.
The layout of Anhui folk houses generally takes three-sided courtyards or four-sided courtyards as the basic unit, but the macroscopic world is different from the courtyard form in Beijing.
According to the characteristics of the local climate and topography, Anhui's traditional residential buildings are mostly two-story buildings of various shapes. Some are close to mountains and rivers, some are uneven, and some are stacked on top of each other. They are exquisite, simple, majestic and handsome.
Cave dwellings are typical dwellings in the northwest Loess Plateau, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the drier areas. Cave dwellings are generally 3 meters wide and 5-20 meters deep. Covered by 3-5 meters deep loess, the room temperature is about 10 degrees lower than the outdoor temperature in summer and about 15 degrees higher than the outdoor temperature in winter. The temperature is relatively stable, which can be described as warm in winter and cool in summer. There are three types of cave dwellings: independent cliff-edge cave dwellings (earth cave dwellings), arch-type earthen cave dwellings made of adobe or masonry, and patio-type cave dwellings. The facade of the cave dwelling is equipped with large doors and windows, which provide good lighting and are less affected by external noise and other pollution.
Sichuan folk houses with full-wedge wooden structure Sichuan folk houses are widely built with full-wedge wooden structure. They are built according to local conditions, taken from local villages, and built according to the situation. They use stone foundations and wooden beams and wedges. , columns, and rafters, with bamboo partitions and mezzanine floors, walls built with bricks or earth and stone, and roofs covered with grass and tiles. The space is rich and varied, with well-proportioned layers. The shape is airy and light, and the colors are clear and elegant, blending with nature. As one body, it looks like it was made in nature, and it has good earthquake and water-proof properties. Town houses often have one floor and one basement, with the lower floor used for shops or daily activities, and the upper floor used as bedrooms. The upper floor of rural houses stores (drying) grain, and the lower floors are housing, main room, wing room, kitchen, weaving workshop, etc.
Taiwanese folk houses The basic forms of Taiwanese folk houses are three-sided courtyards and four-sided courtyards. The front and rear slopes of the roof fell into the water. Farmers mostly use three-sided courtyards, with the square in front where crops can be dried. The residences of wealthier families or legal families often use courtyards, which are buffered by the entrance hall and the main hall, and are more secretive.
Fujian Folk Houses - Hakka Houses Hakka houses are distributed along the southern foot of Wuling Mountains in southwestern Fujian and the northern parts of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. "Chengqi Building" is a circular brick building and earth building. The largest earth building is more than 70 meters in diameter. It is connected with a three-story ring-shaped house and has more than 300 rooms. The outer ring rooms are up to 4 stories high, and the bottom floor is used for kitchen and miscellaneous facilities. There are two floors for grain storage and more than three floors for people to live in. The other two rings are only one floor high. It is an ancient castle ring tower that can be defended from the outside, resists typhoons, and has a solid and majestic appearance.
Zhejiang Folk Residence - Huangyan Tianchang Street Residence. This residence faces the street and back to the river, with a storefront. There is a storefront on the street. The interior also serves as a living room, and the room facing the water at the rear serves as a kitchen. The middle part of the house is divided into three floors, and the second floor is only 2.2 meters high. The attic is protruding on three sides, the window sill is made low, and windows are opened on three sides. The attic windows are opened appropriately, and living on the top floor does not feel depressing. The shape of the entire house is both hollow and solid, high and low, and the outline is not monotonous.
Common group 25 (***2 pieces, face value ***2.90 yuan)
Qinghai folk houses Qinghai is located on the plateau and is home to Han, Tibetan, Hui, Tu, Salar, The areas where Mongolians and Kazakhs live together have made their residences magnificent and elegant due to the geographical environment, natural conditions and abundant building materials. The front room is a high-step bungalow with a recessed door and two windows on the left and right in different shapes. The houses in the backyard are on one floor and one on the ground floor, with a protruding Ming-style corridor upstairs.
Guizhou Folk Residences Guizhou is also an area where many ethnic groups live together. The houses inhabited by various ethnic groups are quite different. Southwest Guizhou is close to Yunnan and Sichuan, and many houses are built in the style shown on stamps. This house is basically consistent with the wooden structure characteristics of Sichuan folk houses. The difference is that this kind of house is built on a higher stone foundation. The eaves are higher in the front and lower in the back. The door is always opened on the left side and towards the back.
Guangxi folk houses Guangxi folk house buildings are mainly made of wood and bamboo structures. Bamboo is mainly used as the building material along the Li River, and there are bamboo houses similar to Dai bamboo houses. There is a small ground floor at the bottom of the house, and there is usually a small corridor in front of the house, similar to the balcony in urban buildings. In Zhuang Township, houses are often built along the water.
Common Group 26 (***3 pieces, face value ***1.20 yuan)
Ningxia Folk Residences Ningxia is mainly inhabited by the Hui people, and the materials used in their old residences are mainly soil. The courtyard walls and house walls are all made of earth. Certain ethnic styles and custom decorations are added to the earth walls. The eaves are single-sided, forming a unique style.
Shanxi folk houses use large adobe bricks as building materials, and are often tile-roofed houses.
The layout and structure of the tile-roofed houses generally consist of three rooms. The courtyard walls and houses form a quadrangle, and the gates and roofs of the courtyard walls are decorated with unique decorations.
Common Group 27 (***2 pieces, face value ***2.05 yuan)
Jiangxi folk houses The houses in this area, especially the houses in the vast countryside, have the same basic structure and form as Sichuan folk houses , that is, a wooden structure, with rooms such as a main room, bedrooms, and kitchen. However, the quality of building materials and houses are generally better than those of Sichuan houses, which are usually tile-roofed houses. The "luxury" house on the stamp is not a common residential building in the area.
The architecture of Shandong folk houses has the characteristics of some Han houses in Northeast China. The house walls and courtyard walls are built with stone and soil, and the roof has a thick layer of soil to protect the temperature inside the house. Some roofs are similar to the roofs of the Mongolian "horse frame houses" in Northeast China.
This Shandong residential stamp is the last of the 27 sets and the last ordinary stamp issued in the "Residential" series.