The unique feeling of ancient buildings in China
Architecture is solidified music, silent historical thought and an important carrier of human civilization. A representative building often concentrates the essence of culture and art at that time. In a sense, ancient architecture is the epitome of a certain social history in ancient times, and it is an ancient and precious tourism resource. China has a vast territory and abundant resources since ancient times, and its architectural art has a long history. Different regions and nationalities have their own architectural artistic styles. I learned about the types, characteristics and ideological embodiment of Chinese traditional architecture through the classroom study of Fifteen Lectures on Traditional Architecture in China.
1. Types of traditional architecture
There are various types of traditional architecture in China, mainly including palaces, temples, temples, pagodas, residential buildings and garden buildings. Among them, the achievements of palaces and garden buildings are the most outstanding.
China in ancient China experienced a long feudal society. In order to satisfy its extravagant life and maintain the majesty of its rule, emperors in previous dynasties often built various palaces and halls. Epang Palace, built after Qin Shihuang unified China, has reached an amazing scale. Weiyang Palace, built in the early Western Han Dynasty, is 89 meters around Miyagi. With the passage of time, most luxurious palaces have gone with the years, and the palaces preserved today are really rare. When it comes to palaces, people first think of the Forbidden City, because it is the largest, most complete and most exquisite palace building preserved today. The whole Forbidden City is grand and spectacular. There are Ganqing Gate in the Forbidden City, and the "three main halls"-Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall are the main ones in the foreign dynasties, with Taihe Gate in front and Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall on both sides. The imperial palace is dominated by the "last three palaces"-Ganqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace. This overall layout of the Forbidden City prominently reflects the traditional feudal etiquette system of "facing the front and sleeping behind". The design idea of the whole Forbidden City is a prominent manifestation of the power of feudal emperors and the strict feudal hierarchy. The Forbidden City is magnificent, and it is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of the working people in ancient China.
There are a large number of famous classical gardens in China, mostly concentrated in Jiangnan generation, and predecessors have commented that "Jiangnan gardens are the best in the world, and Suzhou gardens are the best in Jiangnan". Suzhou has excellent geographical environment, strong cultural atmosphere, beautiful mountains and rivers and abundant materials, which creates superior conditions for the shaping of gardens. Rockery, flowers and trees, pavilions, pools and leaky windows are the main scenery in the garden, which is a combination of painting, sculpture, mountain pool and gardening. In ancient China, the landscape of heaven and earth and the talents of people were all inclusive and integrated, so ancient Chinese gardens embodied the idea of harmony between man and nature. The landscape of China classical gardens mainly imitates nature. First of all, it uses artificial power to build natural scenery, so as to achieve the artistic realm of "although there are people who make it, it is natural".
Second, the characteristics of traditional architecture
1. Hold fast
China's ancient traditional architecture and ancient culture developed almost synchronously, with a very long history and a very stable system. However, western architecture is constantly changing with different styles, which is in sharp contrast with China's architectural style. "The law of ancestors is immutable" is the code of conduct of ancient people in China. Respect the ancestors and abide by the idea of ancestral system. Therefore, future generations will not make many changes to their ancestors' buildings. Therefore, from ancient times to modern times, the styluses and pillars remain the same. Even now, many buildings do not use stone instead of wood, which reflects people's deep affection for wood and strict adherence to tradition.
2. Coordinating Chinese ancient traditional architecture has always advocated conforming to nature and living in harmony with nature because of the influence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism's concept of "harmony between man and nature". Traditional architecture in China attaches importance to both natural and artificial mountain geomantic omen, which makes the harmony between man and nature, and the connection between the courtyard and the outside, resulting in a "heaven and earth" situation, which makes people feel relaxed and happy that there is a true meaning in it, but they want to distinguish it but have forgotten what they said.
The second characteristic of China's traditional architecture further embodies the idea of "harmony between man and nature", which coincides with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional idea of attaching importance to mountains and rivers and geomantic omen will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.
3. Angry
From the perspective of ancient preservation, many cornices of its buildings are tilted, or it is ready to fly, or it is ready to float, which makes the heaviness of buildings (including towers and buildings) seem relaxed and makes solidification seem to move. If "atmosphere" comes from reason, then "anger" comes from emotion. The stronger the affection, the stronger the artistry. The artistry of traditional architectural modeling in China is unmatched by any other nation. The artistry of western traditional architecture is not in the building itself, but in the sculpture or painting attached to it-ornamental art, which can not bring vitality to the building itself.
Third, the embodiment of traditional architectural thought
1. Ritual system thought
In China, the concept of ritual system has a history of more than 2, years and is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Its core content is to affirm the concepts of social hierarchy, respect and inferiority, and orderly aging. Its architectural performance is: to distinguish people's grades by architectural form, such as the palace, which will be set as the emperor's residence in the best geographical location, followed by the queen's concubines and the prince and princess. This is to achieve the purpose of maintaining class order, which is unique in China in the world. The forms of expression of ancient architecture in China can't be arbitrary, but should meet the requirements of etiquette, so there is a difference between noble and humble.
2. Harmony between Heaven and Man
Ancient traditional architecture strives to respect the law and nature, fit in with heaven and earth, and pursue the harmony and unity of heaven, earth and man. For example, the palace will set up four altars of heaven, earth, sun and moon in the outer city to worship heaven, and it is in line with the order of Gannan Kunbei and Sunrise to the Moon. The courtyard of ancient residential houses will integrate artificial and nature, and a rockery pool will be built in the courtyard to plant flowers and trees, so as to introduce natural interest as much as possible.
3. People-oriented
The structural form and spatial layout of traditional buildings in China serve people, and people-oriented is the main thread that runs through them. The planning and layout of quadrangles in Beijing takes the family courtyard as the center and the neighborhood as the trunk line, forming a living environment that conforms to people's psychology and keeps the traditional culture and neighbors in harmony. Huizhou architecture will divert water into the village for the convenience of people.
IV. Summary
The cultural charm of a city largely stems from the characteristics of urban architecture. Beautiful and outstanding buildings can enhance the taste of the city with silent language. China's ancient traditional architecture is a historical and cultural accumulation, which not only embodies a strong humanistic spirit, but also shows the national cultural heritage. After studying this course, I appreciate the charm of ancient Chinese architecture. In the class, the teacher expanded the knowledge of books, and showed us different styles of its architecture in the form of PPT and video. Watching the video was like being there, which stimulated our desire to explore ancient architecture. Therefore, as a new generation of young people, we should publicize our architectural culture to the world, protect the architectural resources around us reasonably and actively, strictly protect them according to the laws and regulations on the protection of cultural relics, raise the protection of traditional architectural culture to the level of protecting human environment and culture, and combine protection with utilization and development science. Traditional architecture in China has both essence and dross, so modern architects should take its essence and discard its dross. They should not only keep the essence of traditional architecture well, but also layout and design it according to the life concept of modern people, so as to creatively inherit and develop the traditional architectural culture in China.