Why is it called huabiao?
Hua Biao, which is deeply loved by people, has a very long history. It is said that it appeared in the Yao, Shun and Yu era of primitive society. At first, people may have used wooden stakes as markers. "History? Yu Gong said, "Give soil, publish trees and mountains, and establish the foundation of mountains and rivers"; Historical records? Xia Benji said that Yu "walked on the mountain to see the trees and set the mountains and rivers." All this is explained by leading the people to cut down trees and leave them dry as a sign of measuring the situation of mountains and rivers; In addition, at that time, people erected wooden stakes on the main roads as signs to identify roads, so they called them "Hua Biao Mu" or "Huan Biao". Markers, that is, marks, are wooden pillars that mark roads, which are equivalent to current road signs; In addition, it also allows people to write opinions on wooden posts, so it is also called "libel wood". This is recorded in the history books. Huainanzi? Teacher's instruction: "Yao Li dares to remonstrate, and builds a tree of slander"; Used to be "? Yang Zhenchuan: "I heard that Yao Shun beat drums to remonstrate, slandered wood and stood in court. "Slander in ancient times refers to discussing right and wrong, accusing negligence, and in modern times refers to making suggestions, not to spreading rumors and malicious slander. For example, Hanshu? Jia Shanzhuan said, "Those who quit slandering, kill those who remonstrate directly, and seek peace with evil", and "those who quit slandering" refers to those who dismiss officials and remonstrate ministers. So "slander wood" is similar to the current "suggestion box". There are also recent examples of ethnic minorities. During the period of Nurhachi before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, in June of the fifth year of the mandate of heaven (1620), "There are two trees outside the door, and those who want to sue, the trees are hanging, and they are asked according to their ups and downs" (Donghua Record, Volume I, Jiang), which is a legacy of "slandering trees".
What was the ancient slander wood like? Cui Bao, ancient and modern notes? Interpretation of the question and answer: "Cheng Ya asked,' What's wrong with Yao's slandering trees?' A:' Today, China is famous for its wood. Cross the stigma with a crossbar, which looks like flowers and oranges, and cross the road. Or' table wood', to show the king coachable also, to show that QuLu also'. Today, the huabiao in front of Tiananmen Square still maintains the basic shapes of "horizontal column head" and "orange shape".
With the disintegration of primitive society and the establishment of slavery and feudalism, the broad masses of the people were deprived of the right to discuss political right and wrong. The "libel board" can no longer be engraved with "remonstrance", but is replaced by Yunlong pattern as a symbol of imperial power. As a special symbol of royal architecture, it is placed in front of the palace or the imperial tomb. Its function as a road sign has also been greatly degraded, and it is occasionally located outside the bridge and the city wall as a sign, but it is mostly in the capital, which is difficult to see in general places.
If you look closely, you will find a pair of China watches in front of Tiananmen Square. On each stigma, there is a crouching beast with its head facing outside the palace. Behind Tiananmen Square, there is a pair of China watches, on which the crouching beast is facing the palace, head down. According to an ancient legend in Beijing, the squatting beast on the stigma of Huabiao is called "the Cape of Good Hope". Don't indulge in the court life intoxicated by money. It seems to say to the emperor, always come out to see your subjects, so it is called "keeping watch for the emperor"; Hui Hui hoped that the emperor would not be infatuated with mountains and rivers and give up government affairs. It seems to be saying to the emperor who is traveling, come back and manage the affairs of the country quickly, so it is named "Looking forward to the return of the emperor". Of course, this is just an illusory expectation of the ancients for the king. When we watch this carefully carved artistic treasure, isn't this legend just to increase the interest of tourists?
Question 2: Why is it called Hua Biao? Are you from China?
Question 3: Why are the pillars in front of Tiananmen Square called Hua Biao? Huabiao is a huge decorative stone pillar in front of large buildings such as ancient palaces and tombs, and it is a traditional architectural form in China.
Therefore, there are China watches not only in front of Tiananmen Square, but also in front of ancient palaces and tombs.
It's just that there are not many well-preserved ordinary China watches, only the one in front of Tiananmen Square.
Question 4: Why did you replace China's 100 Chinese watch with a Chinese watch? It is one of the unique ancient cultural heritages in China, symbolizing the imperial power and a product of the long history of the Chinese nation. It came into being with the development of history and gradually changed its historical role with the change of dynasties. Today, it has become one of the symbols of the Chinese nation, standing in front of Tiananmen Square.
Question 5: What's the name of Huabiao? Huabiao is a traditional building of the Chinese nation with a long history. According to legend, Hua Biao not only served as a road sign, but also as a message to passers-by, which appeared in the Yao and Shun era of primitive society. At that time, people set up a wooden post on the main road to identify roads and signs, and later postal kiosks and houses also used it as a sign. Its name is "ring wood" or "standard wood", and later it was collectively called "ring wood". Because the ancient word "Huan" and "Hua" were similar, it was slowly read as "Hua Biao".
Question 6: What is China's watch for? In front of and behind Tiananmen Square, there are a pair of China watches. China watches are carved with dragons on the columns and auspicious beasts on the stigma. Together with the Shishi in front of Tiananmen Square and the Jinshui Bridge on both sides, they set off the majestic momentum of this imperial city. The quaint and exquisite China watches are integrated with the magnificent buildings of the Forbidden City, which makes people feel the harmony of art and the solemnity and majesty of history. In fact, huabiao has been closely linked with the Chinese nation and the ancient culture of China, and it can also be said to be a symbol of our nation to some extent.
The Hua Biao in front of Tiananmen Square can be divided into three parts, namely, the stigma, the column and the base. The part on the stigma of a Chinese watch is also called a "display board". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once ordered a bronze immortal to stand on the altar, holding a copper plate above his head with both hands and taking the dew from the sky, thinking that drinking the dew would make him immortal. This is naturally nonsense. Later, this form was handed down, and the fairy canceled it and simplified it to put a disc on the column. There is also a Rui beast on the stigma of Huabiao, whose name is "Roar". The ancients created many auspicious beasts, which have different functions, but most of them are entrusted with people's desire to pray and avoid disasters. "Roar" is an auspicious animal shaped like a dog, which has different meanings according to its position. Behind Tiananmen Square, stones on a pair of China watches roared north and looked at the Forbidden City. The implication is that I hope the emperor will not stay in the deep palace for a long time and do not know the sufferings of the world. He often goes out to observe people's feelings, so he is called "Wang Jun". The pair of stones in front of Tiananmen Square faces south, which means that the emperor should not go out for a long time, so it is called "Wang".
The cylinder of Hua Biao is octagonal, and a dragon spirals up, covered with moire patterns. White marble columns really have the momentum of dragons soaring against the blue sky and white clouds. A cloud board with auspicious clouds carved on it is inserted horizontally above the column body.
The base of huabiao is called sumeru, which is based on the base form of Buddhist statues, and a circle of stone railings is added outside the base. There is a small stone lion on each of the four pillars of the railing, with its head facing the same direction as the stone roar above. The railing not only protects the Chinese watch, but also makes it more majestic.
Besides Tiananmen Square, we can also see huabiao in the Ming Tombs, the Qing Tombs, the Qing Tombs and Lugouqiao. So why do huabiao stand in palaces, tombs, bridges and other places? What role does Huabiao play in these buildings? There are still different views.
It is generally believed that Hua Biao, also known as Heng Biao and Uncle Biao, is a kind of pillar used for commemoration and identification in ancient buildings. Huabiao originated from an ancient erection technique. According to legend, in the Yao-Shun era in China, people erected wooden posts on the main roads as a sign to tell the direction when walking. This is the prototype of the Chinese watch.
Another view is that Hua Biao originated from the totem signs of ancient tribes. There is a sitting animal at the top of the watch, which looks like a dog instead of a dog. It's called "roar", which is a very strange thing in folklore. In ancient times, people carved totem symbols worshipped by their own people and worshipped them as gods. The carvings on the top of the Huabiao School are also different because of the totem symbols of different tribes. When history entered the feudal society, totem symbols gradually faded in people's minds, and animals carved on Chinese watches became people's favorite mascots. For example, Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "The white crane is cold and belongs to the Chinese watch, and the blue dragon sees the sunset water", which means to carve the white crane on the top of the Chinese watch. Looking at the famous painting "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in the Song Dynasty, we can see that Chinese famous watches are indeed carved with white cranes. According to legend, this is because a man named Ding became immortal, turned the crane back and wrote a song on the Chinese watch, so later people carved the white crane on the pillar of the Chinese watch to show good luck.
There is also a saying that the ancient name of Huabiao is "slander wood". It is said that Yao and Shun set up wooden pillars in traffic arteries and palaces for coachable. That is to encourage people to express their opinions. Cui Bao of Jin Dynasty wrote in Notes of Ancient and Modern Times? "Interpretation Questions and Answers" said: "Cheng Ya asked,' What is it that Yao slandered a tree?" A:' Today, China's table is also made of wood, and the crossbar is used to cross the stigma. If it is a flower, it looks like an orange, and the road is balanced. Or "table wood", Chabr, a desk engineer, and Cui Bao, both desk workers, said that the shape of the table wood is roughly the same as the existing table in front of Tiananmen Square. It's just that the "wood-carving" function of Huabiao has long since disappeared, and it is no longer engraved with advice. Instead, it is the Yunlong pattern symbolizing imperial power, which has become a special symbol of royal architecture.
Others think that huabiao evolved from an ancient musical instrument. This musical instrument is called Mufeng. Is it a musical instrument? In the pre-Qin period, officials who sought the opinions of the people on behalf of the emperor traveled all over the country and beat Woodenhead to attract the attention of the people. Later, the son of heaven no longer ... >>
Question 7: What is Hua Biao and its Feng Shui function? What is Hua Biao and its Feng Shui function? -In Feng Shui, the China table refers to high-pointed peaks. There is a China table, which means that there is a Dalong Cave around the place, generally within three or five kilometers, which will lead to princes and nobles. In other places with specific buildings, such as schools, bridges, palaces, tombs, etc. Setting up a Chinese watch has the significance of symbol, commendation, example, solemnity and respect. In ancient China, huabiao was a particularly large column, which was erected in front of bridges, palaces, tombs or city walls as a symbol and decoration. For example, those located in front of the mausoleum are called "tomb tables" and those located at both ends of the bridge are called "bridge tables". Hua Biao is generally made of stone, which is cylindrical, with clouds and crouching animals on it, and the column body is often engraved with decorations such as dragons, phoenixes and flying phoenixes.
Appendix: the origin and function of huabiao
Huabiao was produced in the period of Yaodi. Originally called slander wood, it was made of wood. There are no words on the slanderous wood, but special carved or painted textures, which are solemn and eye-catching, and stand on the roadside to make people see at a glance. Textures and patterns are called "Hua" in ancient Chinese, and ancient and modern notes say that "Yao Li slanders wood, and today's Hua Biao". Slander wood was still made of wood in the Western Han Dynasty. "Historical Records of Filial Piety" is "slandering trees". So what is the function of slandering wood? We understand the word "libel" and naturally know what "libel wood" is. Fee: "The Warring States Policy" "The country must have a reputation for fees, and loyal ministers are famous for their own expenses." Fei: It means criticism. Historical Records is inconvenient to see the preface, but it is condescending. F: There is a negative meaning. Slander: Shuowen was destroyed. Slander. Now most of them are understood according to Shuowen. "elegance" is evil, "jade tablets" are condescending, right and humane. In fact, these are the meanings changed after the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before the Western Han Dynasty, the word "slander" had different meanings.
"Twenty-two years of Zuo Chuanzhuang" "Dare to insult the high position and slander the official quickly". (solution: "the minister detained for traveling" is the picket officer. No matter what level the official who travels ahead is, he dares to stop him and let him correct his indecent behavior during the trip. In this article, the word "slander" means.
The Analects of Confucius 19.5438+0 "Believe before remonstrating; If you don't believe it, you think this is also embarrassing yourself. " In this article, "libel" means request and reminder. We associate the words "slander" and "slander": warning, warning.
Today's "libel crime" is very different from that before the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, we can't use the present meaning to explain "libel". "Slander wood" is "police wood". Later, it was renamed "Hua Biao". "Hua Biao" is a special symbol, which was established in various dynasties. It is sacred and inviolable, and people are absolutely not allowed to write on it. There is no place to write on it, and there is no way to write. It is not a landscape building, nor is it for people to enjoy.
From the location of huabiao: palace gate, imperial tomb, bridge, university, temple, etc. Since it is a warning, it can be intuitively understood as "Do not disturb". The brigade, motorcade, cavalry, army, etc. After this passage, the civil servants get off the bus and the military attache dismount. No dust, running, noise, trespassing, rudeness, etc. are allowed.
Now Huabiao's original mission has been completed. It is the historical witness of ancient culture in China. Its magnificence and solemnity are "sacred and inviolable" and can always serve as a symbol of our national spirit.