What are the well-preserved ancient buildings in China?
Shexian County is located in the center of tourist routes of Hangzhou, Qiandao Lake, Huangshan Mountain and Jiuhuashan Mountain, where Huizhou-Hangzhou Tunwu Highway meets and anhui-jiangxi railway crosses. There are beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful scenery here. The layout of ancient houses in the territory is elegant, and gardens, pavilions, ancient bridges, stone workshops and ancient pagodas can be seen everywhere, just like a magnificent historical museum. The main attractions are Taibai Tower, Xin 'an Monument Garden, Guo Xushi Square, Doushan Street, Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall, etc.
Taibailou is located on the west side of Taiping ancient bridge, which is the only place for Huangshan to reach Qiandao Lake. The building is a two-story pavilion with overhanging beams, which is a typical Huizhou architecture. This building displays inscriptions of past dynasties, rubbings of Gu Mo and couplets of ancient and modern celebrities. According to legend, during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty, the poet Li Bai visited Xu Xuanping, a hermit in Shexian County, but missed it on the bank of Lianjiang River. Later generations built this Taibai Building where Li Bai drank. Visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery and ancient bridge towers in the west of the city.
Xin 'an Monument Garden is adjacent to Taibai Building. This scenic spot blends the monument garden with the garden. The whole building is built on the mountain, with multi-modal flower walls, leaky windows and cave doors interconnected, and the stele gallery winds more than 200 meters. The style of private gardens in Huizhou is high pavilions, low-lying pools and swaying bamboo shadows. Its garden is built on Piyunfeng, with peaks, buildings and water. Although it is close at hand, it is open-minded and full of Shan Ye interest. In the corridor niche of the Monument Garden, the Jade Post by Wu Ting, a collector in Ming Wanli period of Shexian County, and the Qing Post by Zhen Wu, a collector in Ming Chongzhen period of Shexian County, are displayed. These two sets of inscriptions * * * more than 200 pieces, which bring together the masterpieces of China's calligraphy masters from Jin to Ming, are exquisitely carved and can be called rare rare rare books. The complete rubbings of this set of inscriptions are preserved in Japan and regarded as French calligraphy.
Guo Xu Shi Fang, located in the county, is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It was built in the 12th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1584), and was built by the imperial court for Guo Xu, Biao Li Bao, Taibao Prince Guan and Wuyingdian University. Guo Xu was a scholar of Jiajing Ugly B in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1565) and an important minister in Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli Dynasties, and was rewarded by the emperor as soon as possible. There are eight pillars around the archway, which are in the shape of mouths. Stone pillars, beams, fences, fences, arches and sparrows are all four or five tons of big stones, and they are all hard blue tea garden stones. Exquisite carving, patchwork patterns and colorful. Cai Feng in pairs of rare birds, carved beams and painted buildings, are flying dragons and beasts, showing off in the painted walls. There are 12 stone lions leaning on the pillar with different expressions, which embodies the unique expressions of Huizhou stone carvings. All the inscriptions on the stone workshop were written by the famous calligrapher Mr. Huang Qichang, who is a student of Guo Xu, which makes the whole stone workshop more magnificent. Doushan Street is located in Shexian County. This ancient street is a collection of ancient houses, ancient streets, ancient sculptures, ancient wells and ancient archways, just like a long historical scroll.
Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall and Xingzhi Park are both located in Shexian County. The memorial hall was once the Chongyi school where people's educator Tao Xingzhi attended when he was a child. Chen Youtao's relics and famous couplets "came with one heart and no grass." Soong Ching Ling wrote an inscription for the Tao Xingzhi Memorial Hall, entitled "A Teacher for All Generations". There are also two firewood buildings in Shexian County, one is Nanqiao Building, commonly known as Twenty-four Columns. According to local records, this building was built at the end of Sui Dynasty and rebuilt many times in Song and Ming Dynasties. The existing South Bridge architecture has basically maintained the architectural style of the Song Dynasty, especially the "lattice column". It is an authentic "architectural method" in the Song Dynasty, which is hard to see today. Dongqiaolou, also known as Yanghemen, was formerly known as Bell Tower. Built in Hongzhi period of Ming Dynasty, it is a double-deck pavilion with double eaves. The two woodhouses are far from each other.
The natural landscape of Langzhong ancient city is wonderful and unique. The Jialing River, which is "jade and jade depend on each other", is surrounded by Langzhong ancient city and green hills, and a picture of "the city is surrounded by mountains on three sides and smoke on all sides" is natural.
According to "Taiping Universe", "its mountains and counties coincide, so it is called Langzhong." Therefore, Langzhong was named after the image of an arched mountain. It is particularly worth mentioning that from the perspective of geomantic omen, Langzhong is undoubtedly a land of geomantic omen.
Langzhong has a long history. According to legend, this is the birthplace of Fuxi, the ancient emperor of China. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Langzhong was an important town in northern Pakistan. In the middle of the Warring States Period (330 BC), Pakistan moved its capital from Chongqing to Langzhong. After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, Langzhong County was established in 3 14 BC, with a history of more than 2,300 years. Since ancient times, the county system in Langzhong has not changed, and the county name has not changed. It is one of the few counties in China that has retained its original name. Langzhong has always been the political, economic, military and religious center of northern Sichuan. The feudal dynasty set up counties, prefectures, prefectures and Taoist temples in Langzhong, and the Qing government also set up Sichuan provincial capital in Langzhong 17. There are many ethnic minorities in Langzhong, including Han, Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian, Gaoshan and Naxi.
The architectural style of Langzhong, an ancient city, embodies the concept of living feng shui in ancient China. Due to the closed geographical environment, the style of the ancient city has been naturally protected, and the ancient streets in the city are criss-crossed. More than 20 streets in 9 1 still maintain the architectural style of Tang and Song Dynasties. These streets and lanes are unique in plane layout, space treatment, architectural appearance modeling, construction methods, detail decoration, material selection and so on. The houses in Langzhong ancient city belong to the Ming and Qing styles, some of which have the elegant charm of the Ming Dynasty, and some have the exquisite and complicated characteristics of the Qing Dynasty. Most of them are characterized by the elegance and exquisiteness of carving and painting, and the residential area 143 is given priority protection. The common characteristics of these official houses and folk houses are: ancient, elegant, quiet and green. The cabins facing the street all have an outer colonnade with eaves several feet high for pedestrians to shelter from the sun and rain. The architectural layout, mostly quadrangles/some courtyards with winding paths, is simple and elegant, with the characteristics of southern gardens. At the crossroads of the street, there are often towers towering into the sky.
Langzhong ancient city is well preserved, and hundreds of ancient streets and quadrangles in the city are still inhabited. Nowadays, wandering around Langzhong Ancient City Reserve, I see wooden buildings with blue tiles on both sides of the street, most of which are bungalows, all of which use wooden boards as walls. Narrow ancient streets crisscross, the ground is covered with slate, and the ancient city reserve looks antique. The existing ancient buildings in Langzhong are: 2 in Yuan Dynasty, 4 in Ming Dynasty and 12 in early Qing Dynasty. There are many markets and ancient houses since Tang and Song Dynasties, which are important heritages of ancient buildings in China.
In addition, Langzhong is one of the important cradles of Taoism in China. Many temples, Taoist temples and churches in the famous "Buddha Capital" are well preserved.
Surrounded by water on three sides and mountains on one side, the ancient city is known as the "Fairyland of Yuen Long", among which there are countless heroes. According to historical records, Langzhong is the hometown of Fuxi; Brazilian prefect Zhang Fei lived in Langzhong for seven years and was buried here. Taichu calendar, an astronomer in the Western Han Dynasty; Sun Wen, Wen Gong and his son were appointed in the Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhang Xian, the son-in-law of Yue Fei, a warrior who resisted gold in the Southern Song Dynasty; Han E, the "Mulan" in Shu at the end of Ming Dynasty. Poets Du Fu, Lu You, Sima Guang, Su Shi and his son, Wen Tong, Zhang Shanzi, Feng Ziyou, Xiao Jun and other ancient and modern celebrities have visited Langchang successively, leaving behind a large number of Mo Bao and poems, adding brilliant brilliance to the world scenery of Yuen Long.
Shanxi Pingyao Ancient City 1997 12 is listed in the World Heritage List.
Pingyao ancient city, located in Shanxi, is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,700 years. It is one of the four best-preserved ancient cities in China, and the only ancient county in China that successfully declared the world cultural heritage with the whole ancient city. Pingyao was once called "ancient pottery". In the early Ming Dynasty, the city wall was built to resist foreign interference from the south. In the third year of Hongwu (AD 1370), the old wall was rebuilt and expanded, and it was all brick. Since then, Jingdezhen, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli have been renovated for ten times, and the towers have been updated and enemy stations have been added. In the 43rd year of Kangxi (A.D. 1703), four towers were built because the emperor traveled westward through Pingyao, making the city more spectacular. The total circumference of Pingyao city wall is 6 163 meters, and the height of the wall is about 12 meters, which divides Pingyao county with an area of about 2.25 square kilometers into two different worlds. The streets, sidewalks and urban buildings within the city walls retain the shapes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Outside the city wall, it is called the new city. This is a wonderful place where ancient and modern buildings are integrated, reflecting each other and making people memorable.
Pingyao Ancient City was built during the Zhou Xuanwang period from 827 BC to 782 BC, and was the residence of Yin Jifu, the general of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Pingyao City has been the seat of county administration since the Qin government implemented the "county system" in 22 1 BC and continues to this day. Pingyao ancient city experienced vicissitudes and became the most complete prototype of ancient county town in China in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient city we are seeing now is what it looked like after the expansion in the third year of Ming Hongwu (1370). Pingyao city after the expansion is magnificent, with a circumference of 6.4 kilometers. It is the oldest and largest county wall in Shanxi and China.
A bird's eye view of Pingyao ancient city is even more amazing. This flat square wall, shaped like a turtle, has six doors, one in the north, one in the south and two in the east and west. The south gate of the city is the turtle head, and two wells outside the gate symbolize the turtle eye. The north gate is the turtle tail, which is the lowest place in the city, and the accumulated water in the city will flow out through it. There are four crocks in the city, facing each other. The doors of the upper west gate, the lower west gate and the upper east gate all face south and look like turtle claws, but the outer door of the lower east gate of the crock directly faces east. It is said that the tortoise was afraid of crawling away when building the city, so he stretched his left leg and tied it to the foothills twenty miles away from the city. This seemingly illusory legend shows the ancient people's great worship of turtles. Turtles are immortal, and in the eyes of the ancients, they are naturally sacred as gods. It embodies the deep meaning of hoping to make Pingyao ancient city rock solid, golden soup forever solid, safe and sound, and last forever. There are also 72 enemy watchtowers on the wall, and there are 3000 cribs on the outside of the wall. It is said to be a symbol of Confucius' 3,000 disciples and 72 sages.
Lijiang, located in the upper reaches of Jinsha River, has a long history, beautiful scenery and magnificent natural environment. It is a descendant of the ancient Qiang people and the hometown of Naxi people. Old Town of Lijiang, with an altitude of 2,400 meters, is the central city of Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China and a national key scenic spot.
Lijiang County, which is surrounded by mountains and waters, is said to be named "Dayan Town" because it looks like a big inkstone. Exploring its past, people find that this once forgotten "Ancient Naxi Kingdom" has been inhabited and multiplied by human beings since ancient times. Today's Naxi people are descendants of the Qiang people who moved south in ancient times. In the long years of thousands of years, they worked hard and built their own beautiful homes.
Located in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet traffic arteries. In ancient times, frequent commercial activities promoted the prosperity of local people and soon became famous markets and towns. It is generally believed that Lijiang was built in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. In 1253, Kublai Khan (Yuan Shizu) was stationed here when he conquered Dali. From then on, until the early Qing Dynasty, Lijiang was ruled by the Mu ancestor of Naxi nationality and the Mu Tusi (founded in 1382) under the jurisdiction of the central dynasty for nearly 500 years. In the meantime, Xu Xiake (1587- 164 1), a geographer of Amin Dynasty who had traveled all over Yunnan, described in the Diary of a Journey to Yunnan that Lijiang City was a "residential community with rows of tiled houses", with more than 1,000 residents in the ancient city in the late Ming Dynasty, which shows that the urban construction has been quite huge.
Looking from the north of Lijiang, it is the towering Yulong Snow Mountain with magnificent and changeable scenery. Folk songs say it is "one mountain with four seasons, and ten miles is different from the sky". Known as the "treasure house of animals and plants", it is also a huge natural reservoir.
Walking into the ancient street paved with colored stones in Lijiang, and wandering around the square street in the commercial center of the north of the town, you will see flowing rivers and canals, weeping willows along the river, small bridges in front of shops or houses, or streams behind houses, and countless trickle in the streets and lanes, winding through the walls and surrounding residents. This clear water comes from Yuquan at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the north of the city.
In the early years of the city, Baima Longtan and several Jing Quan, which were built according to underground springs, still exist today. People have created the method of "one pond, one well and three ponds", that is, drinking water in the first pond, washing vegetables in the second pond, washing clothes in the third pond, and the clear water is decreasing in turn, which is both scientific and hygienic. Residents also use water to clean streets. As long as the sluice is put to stop the river and the water overflows the stone pavement, the pollution can be washed away and the market can be kept clean.
Lijiang Dayan Town, which is surrounded by mountains and waters, has neither a tall besieged city nor a spacious avenue, but it is simple and picturesque, showing natural harmony everywhere. Because of the terrain and flowing water, the houses in the town are scattered and undulating. People use wood, stone and mud to build beautiful and applicable houses, which are integrated into the traditions of Han, Bai and Tibetan dwellings and form a unique style. The common local houses are "three squares and one wall", that is, a courtyard surrounded by a main room, a wing room and a wall. Each room has three rooms and two floors. The main room facing south is occupied by the elders, and the east and west rooms are generally the next substitute. Most houses are decorated with a fish-shaped or leaf-shaped wood chip under the eaves of two gables, which is called "hanging fish" to pray for "more happiness and more celebration". Many courtyard gates are beautifully carved and the ground is covered with pebbles, tiles and tiles. There are generally six doors and windows in the front hall, and the carvings in the center of the window are mostly four seasons flowers or auspicious birds and animals. The veranda in front of the hall is mostly wide, which is a warm and comfortable activity space.