Long summer in the twenty-four solar terms

Air conditioning and cold drinks chilled watermelon, barbecue beer crayfish.

season

On May 5th, the last day of the holiday, the long summer came as scheduled.

"Spring rains shake the spring and clear the valley, full of midsummer, and summer and summer are connected."

Long summer is the seventh solar term among the 24 solar terms, and it is also the first solar term that marks the beginning of summer.

At this time, the longitude of the sun reached 45 degrees. In ancient times, the shadow of the sun was measured in standard meters at noon. The length of the shadow was four inches, three feet and six minutes. Watch the Big Dipper at night, and bucket handle points to the southeast.

That is, the ancient book said, "bucket handle's Guide, it's all summer in the world".

Long summer usually falls on May 5th or 6th in the solar calendar and April in the lunar calendar, also known as Xia Meng, Early Summer, Early Summer, Huaixia and Xia Wei. ?

climate

24 solar terms? : "Long summer, April Festival. Make a word to understand spring. Summer is fake, and everything is fake at this time. "

Standing, building the beginning, and the five elements of qi, the past has passed, and the newcomers are still going on. This is where the purpose of summer begins, so it is called standing.

Together, it means to bid farewell to spring and welcome summer, so some places also call "long summer" "the end of spring".

At first, it sounded like a cricket. Bugs, bugs, make holes in the soil and come out at night. The slug began to sing.

Second, the earthworm came out. Earthworms are earthworms, the weather is getting hotter and hotter, and earthworms are being unearthed.

Third, Wang Guasheng. Many plants, such as melons, grow well.

At this time, the last wave of cold air in late spring has already crossed the border, opening the midsummer mode.

Except for a few areas in the northeast, the highest temperature in most cities in China exceeds 30 degrees.

The mild and warm east wind disappeared and was replaced by the humid and hot south wind blowing from the sea.

In spring, colorful flowers are dying, and at first glance, they are all green.

agriculture

After the long summer, affected by the warm and humid monsoon from the ocean, the temperature rises, the rain increases and the sunshine becomes longer.

After winter dormancy, animals and plants began to flourish after spring recovery.

In the Ming Dynasty, "Eight Chapters of Lotus Life" said: "On the day of summer dreams, heaven and earth will meet, and everything is beautiful."

China has a vast territory and a large latitude and longitude span, which makes the climate between north and south far apart.

At this time, in the area south of Huaihe River, early rice began to tiller and rape had been planted.

Many tropical fruits, such as longan, litchi and mango. In the south, the fruit is hung on the branches and enters the stage of rapid maturity.

In the area north of Huaihe River, winter wheat is flowering and filling, and spring crops such as soybean, sorghum and cotton are beginning to sprout and grow branches.

Xunzi? "Wang Zhi" has a cloud: "Spring ploughing, Xia Yun, autumn harvest and winter storage are all timely, so there are endless grains, and people eat for the sky."

As soon as we have a long summer, we can predict the year of this year's summer harvest, so there is a saying in agricultural proverbs that "long summer will see summer."

Xia Yun season is the busiest season for most farmers in a year, and it is also the basis for determining the autumn harvest.

Weng Juan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a poem: "In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and sericulture was picked in the fields. ? "

custom

Long summer is an important custom festival since ancient times, and its earliest written records can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty.

According to the Book of Rites, the Moon Order records: "On the day of the long summer, the son of heaven personally led three ministers and nine ministers to welcome the summer in the southern suburbs. Reward, reward, seal the princes, celebrate the gift, and everyone is happy. "

The History of Sacrifice in the Later Han Dynasty also records: "On the day of long summer, we welcome summer, Zhu Rong in the southern suburbs, and sacrifice Chi Di, and the costumes of the car flag are all red."

That summer, the emperor led hundreds of officials to greet Chang Xia in the suburbs south of the city, offering sacrifices to Zhu Rong and Chi Di, encouraging farming and praying for a bumper harvest.

? Weigh sb.

The custom of addressing people in the long summer is popular in southern China.

According to the origin and the Three Kingdoms period, it has a history of 1000 years.

The ancient poem goes: "Long summer is called a person, hanging beam laughs."

In the afternoon, a big scale was set up in the hospital. Regardless of age, everyone took turns to weigh themselves.

When weighing flowers, the caller said auspicious words.

It is said that after the long summer is said in the sky, the child's weight will not become lighter, the disease will not invade, and the child will be healthy and safe.

Battle egg

Hanging summer refers to common symptoms such as abdominal distension, anorexia, fatigue and emaciation in summer, and children are easy to recover in summer.

As the saying goes, "there are eggs on the chest in the long summer, and it is difficult for a villain to have summer."

At noon in summer, people cook eggs (they are boiled in shells and cannot be damaged), soak them in cold water for a few minutes, then put on woven silk bags and hang them around the children's necks.

Children with eggs hanging on their chests fought in groups of three and five.

The loser gives up and finally decides the outcome, that is, beating eggs.

prescribe a diet

In the old countryside, five-color beans such as red beans, soybeans, black beans, mung beans and mung beans were mixed with white rice and cooked into "five-color rice".

Later, it was changed to glutinous rice cooked with Japanese bean meat. The dish consisted of amaranth and yellow croaker soup, which was called "long summer rice".

Jiaxing, Huzhou and other places in Zhejiang have the custom of burning boiled water, which is generally held for children.

Each family collects firewood, picks fresh broad beans from the field, and cooks broad bean rice in a pan outside the field.

Chang Xia, a farmer in the suburb of Shanghai, made a food many inches long with wheat flour and sugar, which was called "wheat silkworm".

Eating shrimp noodles in southern Fujian in the long summer is to buy shrimp noodles and cook them.

Shrimp turns red when cooked, indicating good luck. Shrimp is homophonic with summer, which is a wish for summer.

East Fujian mainly eats "light cakes" (flour baked with a little salt) in the long summer.

After the long summer, the weather is hot and dry, which is prone to diseases and epidemics. People eat all kinds of food in the long summer and often pray for health and safety with good wishes.

Compared with ordinary people, court life is relatively tall.

Dong Liu, a Ming Dynasty man, recorded in "A Brief View of the Imperial Capital": "Open the ice in summer and give it to the minister of civil and military affairs."

That is, ice is stored in winter and given to officials in summer to get rid of the heat.

Fortunately, with the progress and development of society, Yan Qian's Lao Wang Xie Tang has flown into the homes of ordinary people.

Accompanied by "air conditioning, cold drinks, iced watermelons, barbecue beer crayfish",

Today's long summer is not difficult to solve.

Poems by Chang Xia

Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Glory (2)

Fan Chengda in Southern Song Dynasty

Plum golden apricot fat, wheat white, cauliflower thin.

No one has ever crossed the fence, but dragonflies and butterflies can fly

Memories of brothers in the Japanese capital

Wei Wuying in Tang Dynasty

After reading the incense in a different order, you will be very tired.

Summer wood has turned cloudy, and the public door is quiet during the day.

Changfeng began to float in the pavilion, and Dieyun only spat.

Sit away from the crowd and cherish the scenery.

A long summer.

Southern Song Dynasty? Lu you

The red flag was planted on the gate, and Dong Jun drove home.

Mud nests are noisy and flowers are scarce.

The shade of Sophora japonica is dense at first, and the curtain is still slightly hot.

Soak a soup in the sunset and try on clothes skillfully.

Take a nap in seclusion in early summer

Southern Song Dynasty? Yang Wanli

Plums taste very sour, and after eating, the residual acid is still between the teeth; The banana is growing, and the green is against the screen.

Spring goes to summer, and the days are long and tired. After a nap, I feel depressed and watch the children play with catkins in the air.

A long summer.

Evergreen

The days in southern Xinjiang are long and the spring in northern Xinjiang is noisy.

The new taste is nine meats and thirteen vegetables, and no village is called a person.

Back to the plain in early summer

Tang dynasty? Bai Juyi

Early summer is long, and the south wind is fragrant.

The shoulders are quite smooth, and the road construction is very cool.

Purple fern can be seen and picked, and green plum can be picked and tasted.

Quench hunger and thirst, a piece of Leng Yun pulp.