What are the four beauties in ancient China and their historical background?
1, the story of diusim Yue Bai
The story of Dixin is a song by Stuart Wang Yun in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. She is very beautiful. She looks very beautiful. Seeing that the Eastern Han Dynasty was manipulated by treacherous court official Dong Zhuo and burned incense and prayed under the moon, I was worried about my master. Wang Yun saw that Dong Zhuo would usurp the Eastern Han Dynasty and set up a series of stratagems. Wang Yunxian secretly promised Lu Bu the story of Diusim and dedicated it to Dong Zhuo of the Ming Dynasty. Lyu3 bu4 hero boy, Dong Zhuo cunning. In order to win over Lu Bu, Dong Zhuo accepted Lu Bu as his adopted son. Both of them are lecherous. From then on, the story of Diusim moved between them, winking at Lu Bu and rewarding Dong Zhuo's charm. The two of them were fascinated.
After listening to Dong Zhuo's story, Lu Bu was dissatisfied with her throwing her into the house. One day, Lu Bu took Dong Zhuo to court, visited the Story of Diusim in Dong Zhuo's mansion, and invited Feng Yiting to meet him. The story of Diusim met Lu Bu, who pretended to cry and said that he was occupied by Dong Zhuo. Lu Bu was very angry. At this time, Dong Zhuo ran into him when he returned to the office. In a rage, he grabbed Lu Bu's square painting halberd and stabbed it. Lu Bu flew away. After that, the two men were suspicious of each other, and Wang Yun persuaded Lu Bu to eradicate Dong Zhuo.
There is Feng Yi Ting in Beijing Opera, which tells this story.
2, Zhaojun out of the fortress
Xuan Di, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, fought for power and profit, and his power gradually declined. He was divided into five khans and attacked each other endlessly. Among them, Uhaanyehe was defeated by his brother Zhi Zhi Khan. Hu decided to make up with the Han Dynasty and personally appear before the emperor.
Hu is the first Khan in the Central Plains. Emperor Xuan Di personally went to the outskirts of Chang 'an to meet him and held a grand banquet for him. Uhaanyehe lived in Chang 'an for more than a month. He asked Emperor Xuan Di to help him go back. Xuan Di agreed, and sent two generals to lead ten thousand cavalry to escort him to Monan. At that time, the Huns were short of food, and the Han Dynasty also sent 34,000 welcome grains.
Uhaanyehe was very grateful and made up with the Han Dynasty. Hearing that the Huns and the Han Dynasty were reconciled, countries in the western regions rushed to deal with the Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, his son Liu succeeded to the throne, namely Emperor Han Yuan. The Xiongnu Khan branch invaded the western countries and killed the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty sent troops to Kangzhou and killed Zhi Zhi Khan. When Zhikhan dies, his position will be stable. In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe came to Chang 'an again and asked for marriage. Xu. In the Han Dynasty, Huns and their relatives had to choose the princess or the daughter of the imperial clan. This time, Emperor Han Yuan decided to choose a maid-in-waiting for him. He sent a message to the harem: "Whoever wants to go to Xiongnu, the emperor will treat her as a princess." The ladies in the harem are all selected from the people. As soon as they enter the palace, they are like caged birds, hoping to let them out of the palace one day. But I don't want to leave my country for Xiongnu. There was a maid-in-waiting named Wang Qiang and Zhaojun. She was beautiful and knowledgeable. Volunteer to kiss Xiongnu. Yuan Di married Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun in Chang 'an. When Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun thanked Emperor Gaozu, Emperor Gaozu saw that Zhaojun was beautiful and generous, making the Han Palace colorful.
Legend has it that when Emperor Han Yuan returned to the Inner Palace, the more he thought about it, the more annoyed he became. He had the portrait of Zhao Jun taken from the portrait of the maid-in-waiting. Although it looks a bit like it, it is not as cute as Zhao Jun himself. It turns out that ladies-in-waiting usually don't see the emperor after entering the palace, but painters draw portraits and give them to the emperor for selection. There is a painter named Mao Yanshou. When he painted the portrait of the maid-in-waiting, the maid-in-waiting gave him some gifts, and he painted it beautifully. Wang Zhaojun didn't want to give gifts, so Mao Yanshou didn't describe Wang Zhaojun's beauty truthfully. Emperor Han Yuan was very angry and killed Mao Yanshou.
Wang Zhaojun left Chang 'an under the escort of Han and Xiongnu officials. Riding a horse and braving the biting wind, she came all the way to Xiongnu and became the E Shi of Uhaanyehe. E Shi was named "Hu Ning", hoping that she could bring peace and tranquility to Xiongnu, and let Zhaojun stay away from his hometown and settle in Xiongnu for a long time. She advised Uhaanyehe not to wage war, and passed on the Central Plains culture to the Huns. After that, the Huns and the Han Dynasty lived in harmony, and there was no war for more than 60 years. It is commendable that after Uhaanyehe's death, she married E Shi's eldest son, Uhaanyehe's eldest son. Although this contradicts the ethical concept of the Central Plains, she values the friendship between Han and Xiongnu from the overall situation. Wang Zhaojun gave birth to a boy and two girls in Xiongnu. Zhao Jun's date of birth and death is not recorded in the history books.
3. The imperial concubine is drunk.
7 19-756, a native of Yongle in the Tang Dynasty (Huayin County, Shaanxi Province). Familiar with melody, good at singing and dancing. Originally, she was the princess of Shouwang, the 18th son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After seeing Yang Yuhuan's beauty, Xuanzong wanted to bring it into the palace, calling herself a female Taoist priest. The name was too real. Tianbao entered the palace in the fourth year (745), and was favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, becoming an imperial concubine. (Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was sixty-one years old, and the imperial concubine was twenty-seven years old), so his father and brother were able to come to the world. Every time the imperial concubine rode a horse, Gao Lishi, the great eunuch, whipped her. There were 700 weavers and embroiderers, and even more people competed for treasures. Both the author of Lingnan History and Guangling History and Wang Yi are highly praised for their outstanding contributions. As a result, hundreds of officials followed suit. Yang Guifei loves Lingnan litchi, so some people try their best to transport fresh litchi to Chang 'an.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled Chang 'an and came to Maweipo. The Sixth Army refused to advance, saying that Yang (the cousin of the imperial concubine) had contact with the conference semifinals, which led to the rebellion in An Lushan. Xuanzong killed Yang to boost morale. The Sixth Army refused to go any further, saying that Yang was your concubine's cousin, and her cousin was guilty, and so was her cousin. The imperial concubine was also hanged in the temple. The Anshi Rebellion had nothing to do with Yang Guifei, who became the scapegoat of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
4.Xi Shi Huansha
Shi, the word Yiguang, was born in Zhuluo Village, Zhuji, Zhejiang during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Born beautiful. At that time, Yue claimed to be a vassal state of Wu, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, tried to revive the country. At the time of national disaster, Shi endured humiliation and made great contributions to the country. He was introduced to Fu Cha, the king of Yue, together with Gou Jian, and became the king's favorite concubine. Confused the prince of Wu and was not interested in state affairs, which played a cover role for Gou Jian's comeback. It shows the noble thoughts and sentiments of a patriotic woman. After Wu was finally destroyed by Gou Jian. Legend has it that after the death of Wu State, he was at a loss to go boating in five lakes. Has always been remembered by future generations. Xi Shi, Yang Guifei, Wang Zhaojun and The Story Of Diu Sim are four beauties in ancient China, among which stone is the first, which is the embodiment and name of beauty.
The story of Simei's sinking fish and falling geese, closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers;
1. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a woman named, who was a yarn twister with regular facial features, pink face and extraordinary appearance. When she was washing gauze by the river, the clear river reflected her delicate figure, making him look more beautiful. At this time, the fish saw her reflection, forgot to swim, and gradually sank to the bottom of the river. Since then, stone, the synonym of "sinking fish", has spread.
2. During the Han and Yuan Dynasties, the north-south border was not peaceful. In order to appease the Xiongnu in the north, Emperor Han Yuan chose Zhaojun to marry Khan to ensure that the two countries would be reconciled forever. On a crisp autumn day, Zhaojun bid farewell to his native land and set off for the north. Along the way, Ma Si Yan Ming, tore heart crack lung; The feeling of sadness disturbed her. On the mountain, she plucked the strings and played a tragic farewell song. The geese flying south heard the sweet piano and saw the beautiful woman riding a horse. They forgot to flap their wings and fell to the ground. From then on, Zhaojun was called "Wild Goose".
3. During the Three Kingdoms period, Xian Di's geisha The Story Of Diu Sim was in her back garden when a breeze blew and a cloud covered the bright moon. At this time, Yun3 just saw it. In order to publicize how beautiful her daughter is, Wang Yun told everyone that my daughter is more beautiful than the moon, but the moon can't, so she quickly hid behind the cloud. So The Story Of Diu Sim is called "Moon Pass".
4. During the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty, a beautiful daughter named Yang Yuhuan was elected to the palace. After Yang Yuhuan entered the palace, he missed his hometown. One day, she went to the garden to enjoy the flowers, and saw peony and rose in full bloom ... Thinking that she was shut up in the palace and wasted her youth, she sighed and said to the blooming flowers, "Flowers, flowers! When you are still in full bloom every year, when can I have a bright future? " Tears rolled down her eyes. She just touched the flowers. Petals contract immediately, and green leaves roll low. Unexpectedly, she touched the mimosa. At this moment, I was seen by a palace lady. Gong E said everywhere that Yang Yuhuan was more beautiful than flowers, and flowers bowed their heads shyly. The title of "shame on flowers" came from this.
Ancient "four beauties": Shi, The Story Of Diu Sim, Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei.
Wang Zhaojun?
Thousands of mountains and valleys are near Jingmen, and the girls' village is light. She left the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk. Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? , ring? A soul empty to the moonlight. The Tatar song on the jade guitar tells her eternal sadness. "(Du Fu's Ode to Monuments) Zhao Jun and Fan are also household names. For more than 2,000 years, through the continuous transformation of many dramatists, novelists and poets, this story has become sad and confusing, with multiple faces and far-reaching significance. ?
Zhao Jun's tragedy is attributed to the painter Mao Yanshou, and Jin Ren's note novel Miscellanies of Xijing is the initiator.
Because there are many harem in Yuan Di, it is not common, so let the painter draw pictures and call them according to the pictures. All imperial secretaries paid painters as much as 100,000 yuan, but not less than 50,000 yuan. Wang Qiang refused alone, so he couldn't see it. Xiongnu entered the DPRK to seek beauty for E Shi, so they paid tribute to the court. But to summon, looks like the harem first, is good at coping, and behaves gracefully. The emperor regretted it, but his name has been decided. He believes in foreign countries and is no longer a human being. Poor, the painter abandoned the market, rich. Painters include the mannequin Ling Du Mao Yanshou. Ugly people, old and young, must be true ... abandoned on the same day. "?
In all kinds of legends, it is also said that before marriage, Mao Yanshou's bribery and framing were exposed. Afraid of sin, Mao fled to Xiongnu and presented a portrait of Zhaojun. Khan relied on the situation to strengthen Suo Zhaojun, and Yuan Di had to reluctantly give up what one favours and send Zhaojun to the fortress. At the end of Zhaojun, some people said that he was sad and depressed, while others said that he didn't want to remarry and drink medicine after Uhaanyehe died. After the Song Dynasty, chastity was emphasized, while Autumn in Han Palace made her commit suicide by throwing herself into the river where Han and Fan meet. Modern people sublate narrow national consciousness, so we can understand this story from the perspective of promoting national unity. Like Princess Wencheng, Wang Zhaojun is an outstanding woman in the history of the Chinese nation, and Mr. Cao Yu's famous play Wang Zhaojun was conceived from this angle. ?
Ancient poets have also interpreted Zhao Jun's tragedy from different angles. Xue Baochai commented on poetry in the sixty-fourth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions: "No matter what the topic is, as long as you are good at translating the meaning of the ancients. ..... That is to say, there are many poems about Zhaojun, some mourn Zhaojun, some complain about others, some prolong life, and some ridicule Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty for painting beautiful women instead of letting painters look good. Later, Wang replied that "the painting could not be made because of its intention, and it was killed in vain at that time", and Uncle Yong also said that "the eyes and ears have seen this, and everything is controlled by foreigners". The two poems have their own opinions and do not attack their predecessors. " ?
What is the true face of Wang Zhaojun?
Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty has the following records:?
Zhaojun is from Nanjun. At the beginning, in Yuan Di, he was elected to the court because of his good family. When Xie Han came to Korea, the emperor gave it to five maids. How old was Zhao Jun when he entered the palace? He was not allowed to see the royal family, and he accumulated sadness and resentment. He asked the court to order him to do it. The emperor told Xie Han to leave the meeting and called five women to perform. Zhaojun is decorated with wealth and splendor, Guangming Han Palace, Gu Jingpei back, moved to the left and right. The emperor saw that he was frightened, wanted to keep it, and it was difficult to break his word, so he made peace with the Xiongnu. ? (Biography of Southern Xiongnu)?
Zhaojun, a native of Zigui, Nanjun, is as famous as Qu Yuan, a great poet. She was born in a "good family" and was an innocent civilian, not a magistrate or a top scholar in the imperial examination. After entering the palace, she was unlucky and had no rank. She is just an ordinary maid-in-waiting to be summoned to court. She was inexplicably given Fang Guangyao Hanting in Uhaanyehe, but it was too late for Emperor Hanyuan to regret it, and he had to keep his promise, which made this eternal beauty and made this messenger of national unity go down in history forever. ?
After the conquest of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, the strength of Xiongnu declined greatly, which was the result of Uhaanyehe's initiative to enter Han Hanting, and there was no coercion. After Zhao Jun entered Hu, he was made a man and gave birth to a son named Zhi Dentist. In the second year after marriage, Hu Han also died. According to the custom of the conference semifinals, the son of Khan E Shi who succeeded to the throne wanted to marry her. Zhaojun asked to return to her hometown, and Emperor Han Chengdi took care of the overall situation and ordered her to learn the customs of Hu, so she became the Khan E Shi who succeeded to the throne. Later, she gave birth to two daughters, one named Su Buju and the other named Dangju. Ten years later, Fu Khan also died, and Zhaojun's son also died in the struggle for power. Bu Xuju came to the Han Palace to wait for the Queen Mother when Wang Mang was in power. Wang Mang died of overwork after his failure. It is not clear when Zhaojun died.
Diao Chan
With the widespread spread of the story of the Three Kingdoms, the story of Diesim has become a household name. Li Changji's poem "Lu Jiang Military Song" in the Tang Dynasty, "The silver turtle shakes the white horse, and the rich girl is under its banner", seems to have the shadow of the story of Diusim. In modern times, people have fried her into one of the "four beauties in China", and her popularity seems to be not much lower than that of Cao Cao, Guan Yu and Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, is there a story about Diusim in history?
According to it, the name of the story diusim can't be found in history books. There is such a record in the biography of Lu Bu in the Later Han Dynasty: "Zhuo takes cloth as the captain of the ride, swears to be a father and son, and loves to believe in it." When you are frustrated, Zhuo pulls out his halberd and throws it, so you can avoid this punch. The reason for the cloth is your resentment against Zhuo. Zhuo is also guarding the cloth in the atrium, but he is having an affair with the maid-in-waiting and is uneasy. " From this record, we can see the shadow of the story of Dong Zhuo's concubine Dixin, and the feud between Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu is also caused by women. This is the reason why the story of "Dong Taishi and Feng Yiting are in trouble" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was born. Here, the "maid-in-waiting" is just an insulted and hurt person, not to mention any character. Later, through the creation of the people and many artists, this "maid-in-waiting" became a dazzling female image in Diusim's story. ?
Some scholars believe that the story of Diesim is a real person, and Liang Zhangju is a representative. In his Notes on Returning to the Field, he said: "The story of Diusim is hidden in the biography of Lu Bu. Although its name is not official, its story is not necessarily all false. " Speaking of "Xiao Qixia said barnyard grass", he affirmed that "cicada is a real person." ?
The story of the heroes of the Three Kingdoms began to enter the folk behind them, and the story of Diusim spread earlier. A series of drama stories about the loss of Xin were formed in the Yuan Zaju. Jinyuntang, Seize the Discipline, and Chop Diexin under the Moon are all based on the story of Diexin. In the play, Jinyuntang, the daughter of Ren Ang from Xinzhou, was named "The Story of Dixin" when she was elected as the spiritual emperor in the palace. Later, the emperor gave her to Ding Jianyang, the secretariat of Bingzhou, and Jianyang gave her to his adopted son Lu Bu. In the Yellow Scarf Uprising, the story of Diusim and Lu Bu lost, but Wang Yun won. The story of Deusim later burning incense and praying in the garden? Lu Bu discovered by Wang Yun, secret discussion, serial. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the story of Diusim was also the wife of Lu Bu, who lived in Wang Yunfu after separation. ?
Stories such as "White Gate Tower" and "The Story of Dundiusim" clearly show the influence of feudal backward consciousness. The capture of Lu Bu in Baimenlou was self-inflicted, but the play made the story of Diexin responsible for Lu Bu's failure, and actually made her executed after being reviled. After Lu Bu's failure, Cao Cao gave Liu Bei the story of Diusim with ulterior motives. In order not to repeat the mistakes of Cao Dong and Lu Bu, Guan Yu beheaded her under the moon. Even the story of Diusim is the reason why Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu fell. What a scorching mind! Zhou, a close friend, wrote "On the Story of Cutting Diesim" to distinguish:?
"The story of Deusim is beyond reproach, and Lu Bu is not a person who can accuse the story of Deusim ... He is a slave with three surnames, and his personality is far from the story of Deusim. It is enough not to scold Lu Bu for the story of Diusim, but why did Lu Bu scold the story of Diusim? If you are Guan Gong, you will be familiar with the Spring and Autumn Period. Gou Jian ordered Wu to fight, and Stuart ordered Dixin to fight Zhuo and his son. Guan Yu didn't blame the stone, but beheaded him under the moon. I dare to call Guan Gong a saint, and I won't ruin the scenery for this! " ?
That was a happy speech. ?
Although the theory of "female disaster" is abhorrent in winter, the theory of "saving the country by women" is not enough for training. So the story of Deusim's ending is also a difficult problem in artistic creation. Luo Guanzhong wrote Diusim's story wonderfully, but after Dong Zhuo's death, he and Lu Bu were mediocre. She and Yan Shi were short-sighted and held Lu Bu back. The TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms made the story of Diusim disappear quietly after Dong Zhuo was punished-The story of Diusim has been blowing in the wind. What is the fate of this strange girl? It may be wise for readers to imagine. ?
Stone?
Stone is one of the earliest and most influential "four beauties" in China. Her fame is related to her Spring and Autumn Period, to Gou Jian's hard struggle, to ten years of reunion and lessons, and finally to Wu's revenge. Wu Zixu's loyalty to the country was destroyed by Aibo's treachery, which was linked to the creed that "women are a disaster". It is related to the patriotic service of women, the unfortunate fate of beauty, and the sad and happy marriage of Huan daughter Fan Lang. It has something to do with "western beauty nourishes the heart", "eastern beauty works well" and "West Lake is better than western beauty, and light makeup is always appropriate" ... Compared with other "beauties", it bears more historical and cultural loads. ?
What is the historical authenticity of the story of Xi Zi?
Among the pre-Qin philosophers, the earliest mention of stone was Guanzi: "Maopi and stone are the beauty of the world." In Zhuangzi, history is mentioned three times. "History of illness and arrogance (pín, that is, arrogant words), its ugly people see it, but also arrogant. When the rich see it, they will stay at home; When the poor see it, they slap their wives and leave. " This is the origin of the idiom "learning from the East is effective". In Mencius, there is also a saying that "the calligraphy is unclean and everyone covers his nose". "Everything is wrong" also says: "The beauty of goodness and beauty is not good for me; It is twice as early as when using powder. " It seems that Shi was indeed a famous beauty in the pre-Qin period. But unlike the legend of later generations, she has nothing to do with wuyue's political and military struggle for hegemony. Moreover, Guan Zhong destroyed Wu more than 200 years earlier than Gou Jian. ?
Historical biographies in the pre-Qin period, such as Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu, all mentioned that Gou Jian offered beautiful women to the king of Wu, but did not mention stone. The same is true of the historical records of the Western Han Dynasty. In Jia Yi's new book, Liu Xiang's Shuo Yuan, Lu Jia's Xin Yu and Huai Nan Zi, Shi only appears as a beautiful woman. ?
Only the article "Mozi's Family" mentioned that he was too beautiful to throw himself into the river, which shows the cloud of "too prosperous to stay". ?
The earliest association between Xi's family and wuyue's hegemony was two unofficial history in the Eastern Han Dynasty-Wu Yue Chun Qiu and Yue Jue Shu. ?
The genre of "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" is dedicated to Wu Jiushu, the king of Yue. The fourth article is "Let the Americans confuse their hearts and make them plan", and Gou Jian "Make the daughter of Zhu Luoshan, Shi, and play the role of Luo Zi, teach her tolerance, learn from Tucheng, and live". The records in Yuejueshu are roughly the same, but the ending of Xi Shi is quite different. The former said that after the death of Wu, the Vietnamese people thought this stunner was a curse, and it was a cruel tragedy to sink her into the river, as a memorial to Wu Zixu who was killed by the king of Wu. The latter made her partner with Fan Li, traveled all over the world and ended in comedy. Many stories and legends about history in later generations have come from this. ?
After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, historical stories entered the stage of brewing, fermentation and polishing, which was reflected in the novels of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and Gleaning. There are a large number of chapters in Tang and Song Ci that take poetry as the object of chanting. Its theme is more about lamenting the misfortune of beauty or condemning the misfortune of women, rather than singing more innovative poems by Wang Zhaojun. For example, Wang Wei's "Xi Shi Yong": "The girls who used to wash silk beside her were all left outside her chariot ... None of the girls in her neighbor's house can imitate her beauty! "A Dream of Red Mansions" Lin Daiyu also translated this poem in "Five Beautiful Songs": "A generation of beautiful women are chasing waves, and the Wu Palace misses their children's home. The effect is not to laugh at the women in the east village, but to wash the yarn at the head of the stream. "In fact, they don't have much profound meaning. Of course, there are also many excellent works. For example, in Cui Daorong's Xi Poetry in the late Tang Dynasty, "If you kill 5 or 7, you will be happy [kg-* 3], and if you die 5, the stone will be notorious. The spring water in Huansha is urgent, and there seems to be an uneven sound. " Luo Yin's History of Xi: "Why do Wu people complain about history when the country rises and falls?" If Shi overthrew the State of Wu, who would be the loser of the State of Yue? "They are all excellent. ?
For the re-creation of historical stories, the legend of zaju is the most abundant. In the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing entered the history of Gusutai, and Zhao Mingyuan returned to the lake. Unfortunately, today we can only see these two plays from Ghost Record, and their contents have to be speculated according to the script and related comments. The master of the stone story should be Liang Chenyu's "Huansha Ji" in Ming Dynasty. ?
Huansha Ji fully occupies all kinds of information about wuyue's hegemony and historical stories, and weaves them into 45 drama stories, which run through the rise and fall history of wuyue together with the history of peace. Because Shihe took a wisp of Huansha as love when they first met, the name of the play is Huansha Ji. Different from predecessors, this legend combines Li's love story with patriotism. Love is subordinate to patriotism. At first, it is to sacrifice and give up one's love, and finally to realize one's love in the realization of patriotism. In the third song "Meet the Stone", he apologized to Shi and said, "It's really embarrassing to cause trouble for my father, detain a foreign country and form a deep alliance." Shi comforted him and said, "I know all the officials and concubines, but the affairs of the country are very big and the in-laws are very small." Is it the life of a little woman, and there is hope of losing all her surnames? " Later, I asked the waiter to join Wu, but the waiter hesitated. Fan Li also advised her: "If I can float there, my country can survive and my body can be protected. I don't know if I can see you again. " If we don't do this, our country will perish and my body will perish. Although we were married at that time, dear, you and I will become ghosts in the ditch together. Why do you have time to seek happiness in a hundred years? "So the novel" Huansha Ji "seems to be a love story, but in fact patriotism is the main theme. ?
Following the "Huansha Ji", this book "Down Yarn Ji" came out. At the end, it was written to sink the stone into Taihu Lake. The stone scolded him for violating the vows of eternal love, while Fan retorted and asked her to be responsible for the killing of heroes, extravagance and waste, and the destruction of the country. This conviction article is a bit boring today. ?
Yang Guifei?
The story of Yang Guifei is a hot topic in recent years. The younger generation enlightened by the film and television media is full of stories of Yang Fei, Cixi and Wu Zetian. There is still a lot of work to be done in this respect, such as the original appearance of Dale's story, its evolution and how we should know it today. ?
Yang Guifei, Xiao Yuhuan, was born in Yongji (now Yongle, Shanxi), Tompu Prefecture. My father, Yang Xuanyan, was a manager. According to his uncle Cao, he died a long time ago. In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was elected to the residence of Li Mao, the Prince of Shouwang, and registered as the Princess of Shouwang. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan, Wu Huifei, the favorite of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, died. "There are thousands of harems, but no one cares." The flatterer revealed to him that his daughter-in-law was "the most beautiful". In the eighth year of Kaiyuan (10), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was lucky in Lishan Hot Spring, so he became a monk. posthumous title was so real. Married a daughter-in-law for Li Mao and secretly took Yuhuan into the palace. "Old Tang Book" said: "I am rich in qualifications, good at singing and dancing, fluent in melody and intelligent. Every money is looking forward to welcoming and moving Italy. The palace is called' Madam', and statecraft is with the Queen. Bai Xiangshan's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" says: "You can't hide your grace. One day, you will be elected to the royal family. Looking back on the past, I was all smiles, and the powder and paint in the Sixth Palace vanished, but the night in spring was short and the sun rose too fast. From then on, the emperor gave up his early hearing, his mistress in spring, his tyrant at night, and there were other ladies in his court, with 3,000 rare beauties, but his love for 3,000 was concentrated in one body. At this time, Yuhuan was 56 years old and Xuanzong was 56 years old. In the 4th year of Tianbao, Yuhuan was the imperial concubine until Ma Wei was hanged in 14. Later generations called her "Yang Guifei". ?
Yang Fei was spoiled, which was a period when Xuanzong strode towards corruption in his later period. In the palace, there are only "700 people engaged in splendid work in the imperial palace and hundreds of sculptors". Her family, "sisters and brothers are listed in the soil, and, because she has so illuminated and glorified her clan. She brought happiness to every father and mother in the whole empire, because she gave birth to a girl instead of a boy. " Needless to say, the brothers, Yang Fei's three sisters, were all named the wives of the country. "Five sisters, Kun Zhong, sang a wide song, illegally moved to the palace, and the horses and chariots were servants, according to Beijing, and praised it." Every building costs more than 1000 million. If the system is stronger than itself, it will be completely rebuilt, and the civil works will be abandoned day and night. Xuanzong bequeathed the four directions, and the five families were one, and China's envoys were endless. Since the beginning of the new century, there is no match for Yang. "Five nocturnal families at a time, out of the west gate, had an argument with Princess Guangping's slave riding. Yang's slave hit the princess's clothes with a whip, and the princess fell off her horse. Xu Yangxue went to help the princess and was also whipped. Afterwards, the princess went to Xuanzong to complain. Although Xuanzong killed Yang's domestic slave, Xu was relieved of his post. ?
Got a real beauty, squandered and enjoyed, and gave all the power to Yang, a traitor. Under the cover of singing and dancing, corruption has also accumulated to the limit. Finally, "until the war drum, from Yuyang boom, shaking the earth, broke the tune of rainbow skirt and feather clothes." The Anshi Rebellion was like nobody's business. After the fall of Tongguan, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty left the officials and people behind and fled Chang 'an with Yang's brothers and sisters. Reluctantly arrived at Mayi Station, started mutiny, and killed Yang. After that, the Sixth Army didn't leave, so Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty had to reluctantly give up what one favours and hang Yang Guifei in the Buddhist temple. ?
An Shi's Rebellion caused untold sufferings. It was not until seven years later that Du Fu, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, wrote "The Imperial Army Recovered the Banks of the Yellow River" that it basically subsided. The collapse of the Tang empire made people who had experienced the glory of the past recall this period of history, and they could not help feeling, pain and tears. Du Gongbu's quatrains "Meeting Li Guinian by the River" are very touching, because they convey this feeling well. Young people who have never experienced vicissitudes of life are indifferent to this poem. Furthermore, Xuanzong became the father of the emperor after his luck in Shu, became an outcast of history, and became a "redundant person" after returning to Chang 'an. Moreover, this romantic son of heaven is, after all, the founder of Kaiyuan, so the tragedy between her and Yang Guifei will arouse people's sympathy after the passage of time. At least, people will feel more and criticize less when talking and recalling. So, just before and after Xuanzong's death, the stories of him and Yang Fei began to spread, among which Chen Hong's Song of Eternal Sorrow and Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow were the closest and most influential. They criticized Xuanzong's "falling in love with the country", which was more sympathy and praise. "The water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky. He gazed at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the bells in the late rain cutting his chest. "Ponds, gardens, palaces, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow. But petals are like her face, and willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? " . Sad and touching, singing sigh, touching to read. The search for "in the sky, he searches for the green void, in the sky, in the yellow spring" and "in the square soil of Lin Qiong" finally led to the secret oath of "on the seventh day of July, in the palace of longevity", "I would like to be a lovebird and grow together on the earth, two branches of a tree. In heaven. The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day, both will end, and this endless sorrow will last forever. " The story of "Song of Eternal Sorrow" has become a universal song of love theme. Tang and Yang Guifei also began their role transformation. ?
Li Yang's story has been a hot topic since the middle Tang Dynasty. Notes of the Tang Dynasty, Miscellaneous Notes of Ming Taizu, Tianbao Legacy of Kaiyuan, Miscellaneous Notes of Youyang, Biography of Yang Taizhen in the Song Dynasty, etc., constantly played up this story. At the latest in the Song and Jin Dynasties, this accident began to be put on the stage. Celebrities in Yuan Zaju all wrote true stories about Ming Taizu. The famous ones are Guan Hanqing's Sweet Bags of Crying for Tang, Bai Pu's Autumn Rain, Tang's Visit to the Moon Palace, Yue Bochuan's Luo Guangyuan's Dream of Breaking Yang Guifei, Yu Tianxi's Despise of Yang Taizhen and Yang Taizhen's Huaqing Palace. There were also many people who wrote stories about Li and Yang in the Ming Dynasty. The Palace of Eternal Life in the early Qing Dynasty had the highest achievement and the greatest influence. In the Palace of Eternal Life, Li and Yang completed their respective role changes. While singing this charming love story, the author also expressed his own pain of national subjugation. ?
It is also worth mentioning that Yang Fei's story has no less influence in Japan than in China. There is a legend that Yang Fei didn't die that year. The sudden change of weather protected her, and later she crossed to Japan and died. "After the smell of the fairy island on the sea"-Since Xu Fu, people have always regarded Penglai, abbot, Yingzhou and Fusang sunrise as a paradise for immortals. In Japan, there are many places, such as Yang Fei Statue, Yang Fei Tomb and Yang Fei Temple Tower. In the eyes of Japanese people influenced by the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the sacred aura of the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is scattered on Yang Fei, and the story of Yang Fei is actually a beautiful rainbow of cultural exchanges between China and Japan.
Ancient "four beauties": Shi, The Story Of Diu Sim, Wang Zhaojun and Yang Guifei.
Wang Zhaojun?
Thousands of mountains and valleys are near Jingmen, and the girls' village is light. She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk. Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? , ring? A soul empty to the moonlight. The Tatar song on the jade guitar tells her eternal sadness. "(Du Fu's Ode to Monuments) Zhao Jun and Fan are also household names. For more than 2,000 years, through the continuous transformation of many dramatists, novelists and poets, this story has become sad and confusing, with multiple faces and far-reaching significance. ?
Zhao Jun's tragedy is attributed to the painter Mao Yanshou, and Jin Ren's note novel Miscellanies of Xijing is the initiator.
Because there are many harem in Yuan Di, it is not common, so let the painter draw pictures and call them according to the pictures. All imperial secretaries paid painters as much as 100,000 yuan, but not less than 50,000 yuan. Wang Qiang refused alone, so he couldn't see it. Xiongnu entered the DPRK to seek beauty for E Shi, so they paid tribute to the court. But to summon, looks like the harem first, is good at coping, and behaves gracefully. The emperor regretted it, but his name has been decided. He believes in foreign countries and is no longer a human being. Poor, the painter abandoned the market, rich. Painters include the mannequin Ling Du Mao Yanshou. Ugly people, old and young, must be true ... abandoned on the same day. "?
In all kinds of legends, it is also said that before marriage, Mao Yanshou's bribery and framing were exposed. Afraid of sin, Mao fled to Xiongnu and presented a portrait of Zhaojun. Khan relied on the situation to strengthen Suo Zhaojun, and Yuan Di had to reluctantly give up what one favours and send Zhaojun to the fortress. At the end of Zhaojun, some people said that he was sad and depressed, while others said that he didn't want to remarry and drink medicine after Uhaanyehe died. After the Song Dynasty, chastity was emphasized, while Autumn in Han Palace made her commit suicide by throwing herself into the river where Han and Fan meet. Modern people sublate narrow national consciousness, so we can understand this story from the perspective of promoting national unity. Like Princess Wencheng, Wang Zhaojun is an outstanding woman in the history of the Chinese nation, and Mr. Cao Yu's famous play Wang Zhaojun was conceived from this angle. ?
Ancient poets have also interpreted Zhao Jun's tragedy from different angles. Xue Baochai commented on poetry in the sixty-fourth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions: "No matter what the topic is, as long as you are good at translating the meaning of the ancients. ..... what is Zhao Jun's poem sung by predecessors?