Why electric cars are not real performance cars?

At present, electric vehicles have greatly lowered the unattainable horsepower threshold in the era of fuel vehicles by virtue of the high horsepower advantage of motors. In addition, the output characteristics of the motor are different from those of the engine, which finally makes the electric vehicle accelerate faster than the traditional fuel performance in the price of the family car.

at this time, coupled with the track lap speed, handling feeling and vehicle mobility, it is far less easy for consumers to understand than -1km/h, which finally makes many consumers think that the performance car using gasoline as energy source is in its twilight years. But this is not the case. In the field of real performance vehicles, electric vehicles still cannot shake the position of gasoline vehicles. Today, let's talk about why electric cars can't make "real performance cars".

Friends who have studied junior high school physics should know that the inertia of an object is only related to its weight, and the heavier the object, the greater the inertia, and vice versa. Inertia itself is manifested in the difficulty of changing the motion state of an object. The greater the inertia, the more difficult it is to change the motion state of an object.

For example, when a car is at a standstill, the heavier the car, the more difficult it is to break through the standstill and start, and the stronger the power is. On the contrary, the heavier the car, the more braking force it needs if it wants to slow down from the moving state. Therefore, a heavy car needs more power and braking force than a light car, whether it is accelerating or braking. But this is not the most serious problem brought by the heavier car. The real problem is turning.

when we turn the steering wheel, although the front wheels will face the target direction, the vehicle will not immediately turn as you intend. This is because the inertia of the vehicle is still forward when you hit the direction. At this point, the front tire will reverse this forward inertia through its own direction change. It can be imagined that the heavier the vehicle, the more forward inertia it will have, and the harder it will be for the front wheel to change this inertia, which will lead to inflexible operation.

in addition, the formula of kinetic energy theorem as shown above also tells us that the kinetic energy (e) of a vehicle is directly proportional to the weight (m), the heavier the vehicle, the greater the kinetic energy, and this kinetic energy will increase in a square level with the increase of vehicle speed (v). This means that a high-quality vehicle with a large inertia will bring more kinetic energy if it is superimposed with a higher speed, and the greater inertia brought by greater kinetic energy will make it more difficult for the vehicle to change its direction.

for a real performance car, it is not enough to just go straight and fast. Only by having the ability to quickly turn corners can we make excellent lap times on the track. If you want to turn a corner smoothly, you must first reduce the speed to a reasonable range. At this time, the electric vehicle with heavy weight is bound to be unable to compare with the gasoline performance vehicle with a weight of about 4-5kg. This means that the braking point of electric vehicles is higher than that of gasoline vehicles, which will naturally affect the lap speed. In addition, electric vehicles also need to use larger and heavier brake calipers to improve braking efficiency. For example, Porsche Taycan uses the first 1 piston calipers. Even so, the overweight body will still affect the lap speed because of inertia when cornering. Of course, some people may not believe the above theory, after all, in some small track tests in China, the lap speed of electric vehicles is not particularly hip-pulling. The reason why this happens is that the track size of most of the current lap charts is relatively small, which magnifies the acceleration performance of electric vehicles and covers up the disadvantages of high-speed corners in electric vehicles. As long as the track is slightly larger, such as Zhejiang International Circuit, the problem of poor cornering ability of electric vehicles at high speed will be unobstructed. In the official lap time list of Zhejiang Race, the fastest electric vehicle at present is Audi RS e-tron GT, which is still slower than Toyota Supra 3.T using lower-grade Michelin PSS tires.

But if the stadium is moved to the "New North", which is the favorite of keyboard drivers, with long distance and more high-speed bends, the performance of electric vehicles will be even worse. Aside from the Weilai EP9, which is not really a mass-produced car, the fastest mass-produced electric car on the "New North" lap list is the Porsche Taycan Turbo S, with a lap speed of "only" 7:33.35. Followed by Tesla's horsepower monster Model Slaid, the lap speed was 7:35.579. So what is the concept of this speed? The lap time of the BMW G82 M4 Competition is 7:3.79. This means that even the fastest electric car with a price of more than 1.8 million can't beat the 3.T performance car with a price of less than 1 million.

in addition to the handling problems caused by weight, there is another problem of electric vehicles that is still difficult to overcome at present, and that is heat dissipation! Although theoretically, the engine of a gasoline vehicle requires higher temperature, and engine oil, cooling liquid and even gearbox oil need to be fully radiated, so that sufficient power can be generated without damaging the machine. However, the engine does not have much burden in heat dissipation. It only needs to arrange the radiator of engine oil and coolant at the position where the vehicle hits the wind, and then make it run through the water pump and oil pump to achieve full heat dissipation.

But electric vehicles are completely different, although they can also use water cooling or oil cooling to dissipate heat from batteries, motors and electronic control systems, just like gasoline vehicles. However, compared with the way that engine oil directly contacts the piston and coolant directly contacts the metal cylinder to take away heat, the heat dissipation of electric vehicles is not so convenient. Among them, the heat dissipation of the battery is relatively simple. As long as more dense waterways are arranged, overheating caused by high-rate discharge can be avoided to a great extent.

it is more difficult to dissipate heat from the motor and electronic control. The difficulty of motor heat dissipation mainly lies in how to provide stable and efficient heat dissipation for both rotor and stator. This is mainly because when the motor is running, the rotating speed of the rotor often exceeds 15, rpm. If the rotor is soaked in non-conductive cooling oil, it will naturally bring great running resistance and affect the power and power consumption. Therefore, at present, the mainstream motor heat dissipation is realized through the pipeline inside the shaft center, and some heat is taken away through the heat dissipation oil in the pipeline, but this heat dissipation efficiency is obviously lower. In addition, the heat dissipation of the electronic control system is also a difficult problem. As a pure electronic switching element, it can't directly contact with the heat dissipation waterway, or it needs to conduct heat through an additional radiator like our computer CPU, and the heat dissipation efficiency is also not high enough.

It is precisely because there is basically no good solution to the heat dissipation of electric vehicles at present, so most electric vehicles can't withstand continuous high-intensity brushing. Basically, it will overheat and reduce the frequency after about 2-3 laps, and even "Superman" can't do it in some larger tracks. Everyone should know that it is not enough to sprint quickly, but persistence is the key to being cool. The unfairness of electric vehicles directly affects the refreshing feeling of driving on the track. In addition, after the battery capacity of continuous battery brushing decreases, the power of electric vehicles will be further limited, and the energy replenishment efficiency is far lower than that of fuel vehicles. After the battery is out of power, it will take a long time to regain its glory and waste valuable track time. In other words, the electric car is not only not durable, but the interval between two times is still very long. How can it be cool?

for gasoline vehicles, usually more horsepower means higher speed. Nowadays, the horsepower of electric vehicles is generally greater than that of fuel vehicles, but everyone will find that their top speed is generally low, which is obviously contrary to the common sense of the fuel vehicle era. For example, BYD Qin PLUS EV with 136 horsepower has a top speed of only 13 km/h. The Nissan Sylphy 1.6L version with 135 horsepower has a top speed of 186km/h, which is 56km/h higher than Qin PLUS EV! The main reason for this is that the horsepower of the motor will drop greatly at high speed.

the motor used in new energy vehicles is not the case, which can be found from the external characteristic diagram of the motor above. Even at the speed of , the motor can still burst into the maximum torque, and even if the speed increases, it will always remain at the peak torque. Then the torque and speed at this time are brought into the horsepower formula, and it can be calculated that the horsepower of the motor will always rise during this time. However, with the continuous increase of motor speed, its torque can not always maintain the peak output, and will decline to some extent.

at this time, if the reduced torque and the increased speed are brought into the horsepower formula, it can be found that the motor has entered the same constant power range as the above turbine engine, that is, the maximum horsepower range. However, with the continuous increase of motor speed and the exponential decrease of motor torque, the increase of motor speed will not be enough to make up for the negative impact of torque decrease, and the horsepower of motor will decrease at this time.

because most electric vehicles don't have gearboxes that can provide different gears, the motor speed in the high-speed range can't be kept at a low level like gasoline vehicles, which leads to the power attenuation of the motor when driving at high speed. At this time, if you continue to press the "electric switch" to accelerate with all your strength, the motor that no longer has peak power output will naturally not bring excellent acceleration ability, and finally people will feel that the acceleration in the middle and rear sections of the tram is weak. This feature means that in the long straight track, high-powered electric vehicles will have a great disadvantage on the straight track.

there is one exception, however, which is the recently hot Model Slaid. Its peak motor speed can directly reach an astonishing 23,3 rpm, and at this speed, it can still reach a power output of about 1, horsepower, which is only a little lower than the peak horsepower of 1,2. Therefore, when running a straight-line acceleration race, Model Slaid does not lose the Porsche 911 Turbo S, which is famous for its acceleration performance. Even so, in the video materials I consulted, I didn't find the real shot video of Model Slaid running to 32km/h, and basically it was around 26-27km/h, and there would be a situation of acceleration fatigue.

after talking about so many performance and cold data on paper, let's talk about the more emotional level, but it is also the last key point that electric vehicles can't become competent performance vehicles-lack of stimulation elements. In the field of gasoline vehicles, in addition to the three different driving forms of front drive, rear drive and four-wheel drive, they bring completely different driving feelings, and the position where the engine is installed will also largely control the vehicle in the limit state.

For example, the model with front engine is relatively stable and controllable as a whole, but it is slightly weaker in the extreme cornering ability. However, the rear engine model represented by 911 has better cornering acceleration ability, but it puts forward high requirements for the driver's technical level in the cornering stage. If you can't master the tracking braking technology well, you will face endless pushing or direct tail flick.

like the middle layout used by other super-runners, it is more balanced, but it comes with a lower limit tolerance. Although each engine layout has its own advantages and disadvantages, it is precisely this feature that has created a unique personality of fuel vehicles.

But electric cars are different, because the batteries of electric cars are all arranged in the center of the chassis, and the almost uniform electric four-wheel drive form makes every car feel very close in the limit state. The only difference is that the power release and suspension geometry bring some control differences. In addition, because the electric car does not have the traditional multi-gear gearbox, it is too gentle when driving fiercely, and there is no powerful shift impact of gasoline performance cars at all.

more importantly, electric vehicles can't bring the auditory stimulation of fuel-efficient vehicles! Although I admit that the spaceship-like sound of Taycan and AMG EQS 53 is very consistent with my understanding of an electric car, it is still more than one level worse than that of a gasoline car. Especially the high-pitched naturally aspirated engine, such as the exhaust sound from GMA T.5 12 rpm V12 above. Really, you only need to listen to your ears once to get pregnant.

The heavy weight, the intractable problem of high power output and the weak rear-end power all make the electric vehicle only a more suitable vehicle for running in a straight line, or illegally racing on the road, and it can't be compared with the real performance vehicle at all.

So even if today's electric vehicles can easily kill the fuel vehicles with the same price with the acceleration of -1km/h, they are still a grocery cart with relatively fast acceleration. Only when the electric vehicles can solve the problems mentioned today can they truly enter the category of pure blood vehicles!