China and Hongkong are bauhinia, what is the national flower of China?

The national flower refers to the flower with its own famous flower as the national symbol, which is the symbol of a country, national culture and spirit. Although it is not written into the constitution, it is highly valued by people of all countries, which reflects their love for the motherland and strong national feelings and can enhance national cohesion. 1903, the Qing dynasty pardoned peony as the national flower; 19 15 edition of Cihai contains: "Peony is the national flower of China"; 1929, the former national government designated plum blossom as the national flower. Peony common sense ☆ "The national color is full of wine, and the clothes are dyed at night." Peony's national beauty and fragrance have been praised by people since ancient times. The cultivation history of Zhuang Dan was recorded as early as the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the cultivation techniques of peony had made great progress. In the Tang Dynasty, peony was more beautiful and was known as the "Flower King". "Spring breeze is proud of horseshoe disease. I watch Chang 'an flowers all day. "The Chang 'an flowers here are peony flowers. The Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing and planted peonies everywhere in Gokurakuji. In the Qing Dynasty, a prince went to Gokurakuji to watch peony and inscribed it as "National Flower Temple". It can be seen that in Qing Dynasty, peony was crowned as the national flower. Peony, with its unique charm of elegance, richness and dignity, has been known as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers" since ancient times, and has become the "national flower" of China. ☆ Peony was first named Peony. It was not separated from Paeonia lactiflora until Qin and Han Dynasties. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties began to flourish, and its cultivation history exceeded 1500 years. Peony is known as "rich flower" and "hundred taels of gold". It means "auspicious things" and "happy flowers". Peony also has the spirit of the times and national cultural characteristics, symbolizing the prosperity of our country and nation, the reality of people's happy life and their tireless pursuit. ☆ At present, peony planting has been developed in many places in China, which has promoted local economic development and increased farmers' income. When the 7th Peony Fair was held in Chaohu City, Xia, Mayor of Chaohu City, pointed out: "Its purpose is to build a cultural platform, sing opera economically and sing opera with science and technology. "Why are you so nervous about which flower can be selected as the national flower? Some insiders have analyzed that there are other interests besides the love of flowers and flower culture. Once a flower is awarded the glorious title of "national flower", it and the development of related cultures, industries and trade associations will receive unprecedented attention, and its economic benefits are immeasurable. The main views of all parties on the national flower ☆ Peony and plum blossom are also different in culture. Peony is popular and represents the appreciation taste of the general public. Compared with the group appreciation taste of peony, viewing plum blossom is more of an individual aesthetic experience, because it has always been dominated by sensitive intellectuals. There is no doubt that plum blossom and its symbolic spirit are endowed by intellectuals of past dynasties. When times are bad, they expect themselves to be plum blossoms and personify them, even "plum blossom wife and crane" "In addition to hard work, the poor and limited sensory entertainment of the general public will inevitably point to something with strong colors and festive colors, such as peony, and the' thinness' of plum blossoms in the aesthetic sense may not even arouse their inner voices. (Selected from Li Fang's "The Controversy between Peony and Plum Blossom in the National Flower") ☆ Up to now, China has not decided whether to use peony distributed in the Yellow River valley or plum blossom distributed in the Yangtze River valley as the national flower, and the relevant parties in China are hesitant about it. Peony symbolizes elegance and elegance, which does not conform to the current national economic situation and the "frugality" advocated by the government; Plum blossom symbolizes perseverance and introversion, which is slightly different from the open national policy. Behind the uncertainty of the national flower, it seems that the above-mentioned conceptual conflict is at work. Reference (Chosun Ilbo "Why can't China's national flower be decided? ) Controversy and query about the selection of national flowers1986165438+10 On October 20th, the "Top Ten Traditional Flowers in China" was jointly sponsored by Shanghai Culture Publishing House, Shanghai Landscape Architecture Society, the editorial department of Garden magazine and the "Friends of Life" column of Shanghai TV Station. Because this famous flower selection activity in China has formed a 1 14 expert jury headed by Professor Chen Junyu, which is a nationwide selection, and because the result was obtained in 1987, it is often called "1987 China Top Ten Famous Flowers Selection Activity". However, some people have questioned that the most important thing in choosing the national flower is to have a set of open and fair procedures and standards, and at the same time, to have the broad participation of the whole people. Imagine if, like 1986, the public's enthusiasm for participation has not been mobilized at all, and more than one billion citizens only cast a pitiful150,000 vote, but they want to introduce such a selection result without extensive participation to the whole world as a nationally recognized "national X". Is this selection activity rallying or disintegrating the public's patriotic enthusiasm? It is also known that according to the Proposal No.0440 (1994) of the Second Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, "Suggestions on Developing the National Flower Evaluation in China as soon as possible", it was approved and transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture, and the China Flower Association was instructed to take charge of the specific organization work. In March of the same year, a national flower selection leading group was established with the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Vice Chairman Chen as honorary leader and He Kang as leader, and a national flower selection activity was launched. After discussion by the expert group, the selection conditions of China National Flower are determined as follows: (1) It has a long cultivation history and strong adaptability, and it is influential in most parts of China and occupies a leading position in the world. (2) The posture and color characteristics of flowers can reflect the excellent tradition and personality characteristics of the Chinese nation. (3) It is widely used, loved by the broad masses of people and has high social, environmental and economic benefits. Since the China Flower Association organized and led the discussion on the national flower in all parts of the country, China Flower News has successively published the news that many famous people and the masses have had a heated discussion on the selection of the national flower. According to the publication of China Flower News, plum blossom, peony, chrysanthemum, orchid, rose, rhododendron, camellia, lotus, osmanthus fragrans, Chinese narcissus, pomegranate, wintersweet, Yingchun, peach blossom, rhododendron, Clivia, day lily, camellia, Daphne, Lagerstroemia indica and Gardenia have been nominated as candidates for China's national flowers. After nearly ten months of discussion, the task has been successfully completed. From the results reported by 3 1 province, autonomous region and municipality (including Shenzhen Special Zone), there are 18 provinces in favor of "one country, one flower", accounting for 58.06%. There are 1 1 in the provinces in favor of four flowers in one country (peony, plum blossom, chrysanthemum and lotus), accounting for 35.48%. Two provinces put forward a new plan of four flowers, that is, exchanging orchids for lotus flowers, accounting for 6.45%. After careful study, the National Leading Group for National Flower Selection unanimously agreed that "Peony" is the national flower of China. Other popular orchids (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum blossom (winter) are the four famous flowers in China. In this way, orchid (spring), lotus (summer), chrysanthemum (autumn) and plum (winter) are divided into four seasons, and peony is the chief. The national flower and the famous flowers of the four seasons form the trend of holding the moon with many stars, which can better reflect the spirit of prosperity, integrity and nobility of our Chinese nation. The results and details of the above-mentioned selection were reported to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) by the Ministry of Agriculture in accordance with the procedures, with a view to deliberation and promulgation at the 1995 National People's Congress. After the news came out, it aroused the strong indignation of Academician Chen Junyu and others, and immediately held a press conference to resolutely oppose the decision to designate peony as the national flower. As a result, the National People's Congress shelved the decision of peony as the national flower on the grounds of "too great disagreement". At this point, the mass national flower selection activity has come to an end. In this selection from 65438 to 0994, two major peony bases in China-Luoyang City, Heze City, Shandong Province, and Peony Branch of China Flower Association-jointly established the National Peony Competition Office with representatives from more than ten provinces and cities that use peony as the city flower or produce and study peony. Luoyang has set up a "leading group" headed by the mayor himself and attended by Beijing, Xi, Shaanxi, Shandong and Heze. , jointly established the "National Peony Competition Office", and the four parties "lobbied" to promote peony to become the national flower. In recent years, in Luoyang, Henan Province, Heze, Shandong Province, Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, Changshu, Jiangsu Province and other cities with peony as their endorsements, the "China Peony Tour" tourism cooperation alliance has been specially established to support peony to become the national flower, and the first declaration on promoting peony to become the national flower has been issued. On September 20th, 2005, China Horticultural Society, Beijing Landscape Architecture Society and Shanghai Landscape Architecture Society jointly held the "China National Flower Selection Seminar" in Beijing. Most delegates supported the choice of peony and plum blossom as the "dual national flowers" of China. However, there are also different opinions and advocate "one country, one flower". In the autumn of 2005, the Chinese Flower Association suggested that peony should be the national flower at the meeting held in Chengdu, and reported it to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), hoping to make peony the national flower at the two national conferences in 2006. Some experts and scholars who oppose peony strongly question it. On June 5438+ 10, 2006, Academician Chen wrote to the leaders of the Central Committee, the National People's Congress and the State Council, expounded the concept of "one country, two flowers", and published relevant articles in Internal Reference for circulation by the central leaders. Why does the National People's Congress have to decide on the selection of national flowers? The selection of the national flower will not happen in the era of war and turmoil, nor will it happen in the era of hunger and cold. The choice of the national flower is a prosperous move, which shows that China society has moved towards peace and prosperity. But must the selection of the national flower be reported to the National People's Congress? By analogy, in the future, the selection of all "Guo" brands such as national wine, state banquet, national bamboo, national fruit and national grass must be reported to the National People's Congress for decision. Won't the National People's Congress become an industry selection committee? Moreover, the national flower obviously cannot be compared with the national flag, national emblem and national anthem, because the latter is a symbol of a sovereign country, and the national flower has no such symbolic significance. The National People's Congress is the highest authority, exercising state power on behalf of the whole people, and its functions and powers are legislation, supervision, appointment and removal, etc. Obviously, the selection of the national flower is not within its terms of reference. Since the selection of the name "Guo" should truly reflect the interests of the majority of the people, which animal and plant varieties can win the aura of the name "Guo" should not be decided by the relevant institutions or experts first, but only by the people in an appropriate way, because such selection does not have any scientific research effect. This choice should not be subordinate to economic or other purposes, such as developing tourism. -This is also different from the selection of "Top Ten Famous Mountains in China" some time ago. The selection of the top ten famous mountains really bears the responsibility of "improving the overall image of China's mountain resources". At this time, it is understandable to properly consider tourism. National tree, national bird, national flower and top ten famous mountains all have different added values. Dr. Tao of China Academy of Social Sciences believes that the national flower has the symbolic meaning of the national business card, and the formulation of evaluation criteria is a major event that concerns all aspects of relations and interests, and directly affects the fairness of the selection process and results. You can't arbitrarily deprive the public of the right to speak and vote in the formulation of selection criteria, and just award chinese society of forestry. Professor Chen Junyu said: "I don't think the selection of the national flower should be conducted according to this procedure, because the national flower is completely established by ordinary people, and it is enough to finally report it to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for approval. Maotai, the national wine, and table tennis, the national flower of all countries in the world, were also established. "Chen Junyu said that from the perspective of jurisprudence and custom, the selection of national flowers should be private." The most important thing is to let more people express their opinions, and the final plan should be recognized by most people. "According to Chen Junyu's idea, the first step in selecting the national flower is to warm up the national flower plan first." Let the scheme be widely known, arouse everyone's attention and attract everyone to continue to care about this matter, so that more opinions can be published. ""Second, establish non-governmental organizations in time, make plans and timetables, and continue to popularize and publicize the national flower. Third, the studied scheme (the scheme that most people agree with) will be submitted to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) (the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress) and finally approved by the National People's Congress. In addition, in the past two decades, NPC deputies have repeatedly put forward the proposal of taking "Plum Blossom" as the national flower. At most, more than 70 people, including Mr. Guan Shanyue and Mr. Zhang Wencai, jointly proposed plum blossom as the national flower, but nothing was achieved. Therefore, although the selection of the national flower is solemn, its political or economic significance is very limited and it is not suitable for political activities. We should treat it with a normal heart, and the determination of standards and the final conclusion should respect the opinions of the people. Link: Selected Traditional Chinese Paintings-Which flower can better represent China /renwu/ShowArticle.asp? ArticleID= 156 17 Link: Beijing-Sanming Chrysanthemum-Luoyang Rhododendron-Jinan Peony, the city flower of some cities in China. -Narcissus Quanzhou-Erythrina Hangzhou-Osmanthus fragrans Hong Kong-Bauhinia Villa. -Fuzhou, Wei Zi-Jasmine Guangzhou-Kapok Taipei-Rhododendron Kunming-Camellia Shenyang-Bauhinia Shantou, Fenghuang Mudongchuan, Yulan Zhenjiang and Lamei Yueyang. Ancient Egyptian legend: Eh Amuna, the wife of the Egyptian god of wisdom and magic, presented her husband with a bunch of lotus flowers to show her loyalty and love. Later, loyalty and love formed the lotus language, so people especially like lotus flowers. It is regarded as a beautiful and auspicious elephant in India and Sri Lanka. Lotus originated in China and distributed in Japanese, Indian, Sri Lankan, Australian and other countries. Lotus is mainly used to decorate water surface, waterscape or waterscape garden. Small flower varieties can be used to beautify the home. As an economic plant, it can be said to be full of treasures. Lotus seeds and lotus roots are edible and have extremely high nutritional value. India is the birthplace of Buddhism, and lotus is a symbol and mascot often mentioned in Buddhist scriptures. Lotus leaves don't touch mud, and lead a clean life, which is consistent with the life personality advocated by Buddhism. Because lotus represents Buddhism, and Buddhism comes from India, lotus is regarded as a sacred symbol of dignity in India. Lily is the national flower of Cuba, also known as lily and garlic. Perennial herbaceous flowers of Liliaceae. Lilium plants have underground bulbs and large flowers, which are funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped Flowers are drooping, spreading or upward, with diverse colors and high ornamental value. There are about 90 species of Lilium, and the horticultural varieties are very rich. Lily varieties are divided into 9 varieties according to the derivative relationship between related species and hybrid origin, as well as the differences in color and pattern. In the eyes of Westerners, lily is a symbol of holiness. There are many lilies in Cuba. After Cuba gained independence, people chose a kind of ginger lily as the national flower. The national flower of Belgium, Rosa cvs, is also called Moon Red. Rosa of Rosaceae is a deciduous or evergreen shrub with rare lianas. Rose and perfume rose, which bloom all the year round, are used as the main materials, and they are repeatedly crossed with other varieties and continuously artificially selected to form a hybrid variety group with continuous flowers all the year round. Chinese rose flowers are beautiful, blooming in all seasons and overflowing with fragrance, and have been loved by people since ancient times. There are now more than 20,000 kinds of Chinese roses. Poppy is also known as Li Chunhua and Sai Peony. Poppy is an annual or biennial poppy herb. Flowers solitary stem apex, long peduncle; Single, semi-double or double, with crimson, bright red, pink, fuchsia, yellow-white and compound colors; It blooms in late spring and early summer. Native to western China and Europe, but also distributed in North America. The corn poppy is bright in color, and the whole plant can be used as medicine. Widely used in garden planting. It can also be used as cut flowers. Italy's national flower daisy has a simple appearance and petite flowers. The Italian people think this is a gentleman's demeanor and innocence. Helianthus annuus is the national flower of Russia, also known as sunflower and Japanese sunflower, belonging to the genus Panicum in Compositae. Plant height 1-3 meters, stout and erect stems with bristles; Flower head is solitary, yellow tongue-shaped flower, male flower; The tubular flowers are purple-brown, the bisexual flowering period is July-65438+1October, and the fruit ripening period is September-165438+1October. The ornamental variety is Purpureus flower. Native to North America, it is widely cultivated in China. Sex likes warmth, adaptability, sunshine, drought tolerance and barrenness. Sowing and propagation are suitable as background materials for gardens and can also be used as cut flowers. Seeds are edible and can be used to extract oil. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the Spanish discovered patches of growing sunflowers in the mountains of Peru and Hercego, which were regarded as "the divine flowers created by God" and brought them back to Europe for cultivation. The national flower of Japan-Cherry Blossom March 15 is the Cherry Blossom Festival in Japan. There are more than 30 kinds and 300 varieties of cherry blossoms in Japan and more than 800 varieties in the world. All the parks in Japan are full of cherry blossoms. Japanese believe that cherry blossoms have the spirit of elegance, firmness, beauty, simplicity and independence. They regard cherry blossoms as a symbol of hard work, courage and wisdom. There is a Japanese proverb "Seven Days of Cherry Blossom", which means that the flowering period is very short. Therefore, Japanese families generally do not grow cherry blossoms, which is not conducive to the continuation of family prosperity. The national flower of the United States, Britain, Spain, Luxembourg and Bulgaria-the national flower of the United States, passed the rose as the national flower in the House of Representatives on September 23 with 1986 after a hundred years of debate. They believe that roses are the embodiment of love, peace, friendship, courage and dedication. Americans also believe that the red China rose symbolizes love, love and courage. Light pink conveys approval or praise, pink represents elegance and noble demeanor, dark pink expresses gratitude, white symbolizes purity, and yellow symbolizes celebration and happiness. Bulgaria is a world-famous "country of roses". The first Sunday in early June every year is the traditional national festival Rose Festival, and people hold a grand celebration in the Rose Valley. They believe that gorgeous, fragrant and elegant roses symbolize the diligence, wisdom and love of nature of the Bulgarian people. Roses full of thorns are the embodiment of Bulgarian people's courage, unyielding and perseverance in the face of Ottoman Empire and German fascism. Cedar is the national flower of Lebanon. The Lebanese flag is printed with cedar patterns. The people oppressed by colonial rule regard cedar as their idol. Cedar has become a symbol of courage, perseverance and fear of violence in this country. Roses are robust, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and barren-tolerant. In addition to extensive garden art, flowers can also be eaten and refined into spices. Roots and buds can be used as medicine. The national flowers of Mexico-cactus and dahlia-The main inhabitants of Mexico are the Astek Indians. According to legend, at first tribal gods instructed them to move south, and said that when an eagle stood on a cactus and pecked a snake, it proved that it was rich, auspicious, settled and prosperous. When they went to Mexico, they saw the predicted scene and settled there. Cactus has become a symbol of their indomitable and heroic struggle to defend national interests. Dahlia is the second national flower of Mexico. Mexico is the origin of Dahlia, Dahlia can be seen everywhere, and its flowers are generous and colorful, which can rival the world famous flowers. Jin Zhuo Banderan, the national flower of Singapore, symbolizes excellence, beauty and immortality from generation to generation. Jin Zhuo, formerly known as Hu Jihua, is a general term for orchids in Southeast Asia. This is a Spanish gardener, Effie Jin Zhuo, who lives in Singapore. She cultivated an excellent new variety from Hu Jihua in her garden. 198 1 Singapore Ministry of Culture declared it as the national flower. Jindalai, the national flower of North Korea. Jindalai, also known as Endless Flower, is actually a kind of Rhododendron in Ericaceae, that is, Rhododendron Xing 'an in China. Its original intention is an enduring flower. The Korean people use it to symbolize long-term prosperity, joy and happiness. Thailand's national flower-water lily flower language is to face life and throw away the old days. Olive flower is the national flower of Greece, Tunisia and Cyprus. This flower symbolizes the pride of the Greek nation and the prosperity of the country. When holding a competition, take the olive branch as the crown and reward the winner. And take the olive branch as a symbol of peace. Tunisia, North Africa, is rich in olives and is known as the "Olive Garden of the World". There are two green olive branches printed on the flag of Cyprus, which are regarded as a symbol of peace, wisdom and victory. Iris vetiver, the national flower of France, is a symbol of happiness. Its appearance is quiet, harmonious and generous, which embodies the spirit of freedom, optimism and openness of the French nation. Vetiveria iris is a blue butterfly. The French like it very much and call it Jin Baihe. Canada's national flower-sugar maple flower Canada is known as the "country of maple trees". In the center of the national flag, a huge red maple leaf is painted. Maple leaf patterns can be seen everywhere in daily life. People are proud of the red, warm and sincere maple leaves. Sugar maple, also known as sugar maple, is a tall deciduous tree. It is 40 meters high, 40- 100cm in diameter and 500 years old. The trunk contains the most starch and turns into sucrose in winter. In warm weather, sucrose will turn into sweet juice. If you drill a hole in the tree, the sap will flow out. Sugar made from boiled tree juice is called maple syrup or maple syrup. Romania's national flower, the white rose, symbolizes its national enthusiasm, purity, sincerity, nobility, simplicity and harvest. Every harvest festival, girls will wear white rose wreaths and sing and dance to celebrate. Lilac-the national flower of Tanzania. This gorgeous language is an honor and comfort. Centaurea-the national flower of Germany. Queen Louise, the mother of Prussian emperor William I, was forced to leave Berlin during the civil war. On the way to escape, the car broke down. While waiting by the roadside with her two children, she found blue cornflowers on the roadside. She made a wreath out of this flower and put it on the chest of nine-year-old William. Later, William I was crowned German emperor. He still liked cornflower very much and thought it was an auspicious flower. Cornflower also encourages people to be cautious and learn with an open mind. Pomegranate flower-the national flower of Spain (a sentence about carnation). Flowers are as red as flames. Turkey: Tulip Hungary: Tulip Iran: Tulip Netherlands: Tulip Sweden: Lily of the Valley Brazil: Tropical Orchid Colombia: Tropical Orchid Portugal: Lavender Korea: Water Hibiscus Gabon: Flame Tree Denmark: Mu Chunju Nepal: Rhododendron Austria: Leontopodium Madagascar: Phoenix Tree Malaysia: Fusang Myanmar: Dragon Boat Flower Poland: Pansy Spain: Carnation Zimbabwe: Garland.