Chinese herbal medicine: the efficacy and function of polygala tenuifolia

The Chinese name is polygala tenuifolia (Classic))

Category Roots

Different names are Zan Rao, Qiu Zhou (Erya), Ji Shu (Classic) and Ku polygala tenuifolia (Southern Yunnan Materia Medica).

the source is the root of polygala tenuifolia.

polygala tenuifolia, also known as: camellia sinensis, bachelor tea, chicken tree, thread tea, flax, rice tea, swallow grass, polygala tenuifolia and spend december.

perennial herb, 25 ~ 4 cm tall. The root is cylindrical. Stems clustered, about 1 mm in diameter, with green upper part. Leaves alternate, linear or narrow, .8 ~ 4 cm long and .5 ~ 1 mm wide, with tapering apex, tapering base, entire, obvious midvein, glabrous or slightly pilose; Sessile or nearly sessile. Racemes are lateral, 5 ~ 12 cm long; Flowers pale blue; 5 calyx, 3 smaller, linear-lanceolate, 2 petals on both sides, oblong-obovate; Slightly curved and inclined; Petals 2, connate at the base, the petals on both sides are obovate, the central petal is larger, keel-shaped, and tassel-shaped appendages are attached at the top; Stamens 8, filament base healed in sheath shape; Pistil 1, ovary obovate, flat, 2-loculed, style curved, stigma 2-lobed. The capsule is flat, round and inverted-heart-shaped, 4 ~ 5 mm long and wide, green and smooth, with a narrow wing-shaped edge, persistent calyx at the base, oval seeds, slightly flat, brown and black, and densely covered with white fluff. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruiting period is from June to August.

born on sunny slopes or roadsides. Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and Shandong, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and other places.

the seedlings (grass) of this plant are also used for medicine. See the special article for details.

collect the roots before emergence in spring or after the overground parts wither in autumn, remove residues and soil, and dry them in the shade or in the sun. When fresh, choose thicker roots to hug loosely with wooden sticks or rub them by hand. Remove the wood heart, that is, the "Polygalae Tube"; The thinner roots are cracked with a stick to remove the wood core, which is called "polygala tenuifolia meat"; The smallest root does not go to the wood heart, and it is called "Polygalae Stick".

the medicinal material ① Polygala tenuifolia

is tubular, hollow, with a length of 3-12 cm and a diameter of .3-1 cm. The surface is gray or grayish yellow. All of them have dense and deep horizontal wrinkles, and some have fine longitudinal lines and tiny pimple-like root marks. Brittle and easily broken, with yellow-white and flat cross section, slightly grassy, slightly bitter and pungent, with a prickly throat.

② The meat of polygala tenuifolia

is mostly broken. Thin meat, less horizontal wrinkles.

③ polygala tenuifolia stick

also known as polygala tenuifolia stem and polygala tenuifolia bone. Small, with a hard yellowish wood core in the middle.

mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and Henan. In addition, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Anhui, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning and other places are also produced.

in addition, there is a kind of root of polygala tenuifolia, which is also used for polygala tenuifolia, and it is called "local polygala tenuifolia" and "sweet polygala tenuifolia" in southern Yunnan Materia Medica. See the article "Sweet polygala tenuifolia".

The chemical constituents of roots contain saponins, and after hydrolysis, two kinds of sapogenin crystals can be obtained, namely polygala tenuifolia saponin A and polygala tenuifolia saponin B.. Recently, a saponin polygala tenuifolia, namely 3-β- glucoside of 2β, 27- dihydroxy -23- carboxyl oleanolic acid, was isolated from the roots of this plant and the same genus polygala tenuifolia. It also contains polygala alcohol, N- acetylglucosamine, alkaloid polygala tenuifolia alkali, fatty oil, resin, etc.

pharmacological action ① expectorant action

polygala tenuifolia contains plant saponins, which can * * * gastric mucosa and cause mild nausea, thus reflecting the increase of bronchial secretion and having expectorant effect. Oral administration of the extract to dogs can promote tracheal secretion, and the action intensity is: polygala tenuifolia > platycodon grandiflorum > polygala tenuifolia. If phenol red is used, the excretion rule is: polygala tenuifolia > polygala tenuifolia > platycodon grandiflorum. However, 1 g/kg of polygala tenuifolia decoction can not increase the secretion of tracheal mucus in anesthetized dogs, which may be caused by the fact that animals are under anesthesia.

② Effect on uterus

The decoction of Polygala tenuifolia in northwest China has an exciting effect on the pregnant uterus of guinea pigs, rabbits, cats and dogs in vitro, and intravenous injection of 6.6% decoction (3-6 ml (weighing 16.5 kg) also has an obvious exciting effect on the uterus of pregnant dogs.

③ Hemolysis

Polygala tenuifolia is similar to Platycodon grandiflorum, which contains saponin and also has the function of dissolving red blood cells. The intensity of hemolysis is: Polygala tenuifolia > Polygala tenuifolia > Platycodon grandiflorum, and the hemolysis of the meat (skin) of Polygala tenuifolia is stronger than that of the wood of Polygala tenuifolia

Processing Polygala tenuifolia: removing impurities, cutting into sections, and sieving off dust. Roasting Radix Polygalae: decoct Radix Glycyrrhizae, remove Radix Glycyrrhizae, add Radix Polygalae with the wood heart removed, cook with slow fire until the water of Radix Glycyrrhizae is completely absorbed, take out and dry in the sun. (Every 1 kg of Radix Polygalae uses 6 kg and 4 Liang of licorice) Honey Radix Polygalae: add appropriate amount of boiling water to refine honey and mix well, stir-fry Radix Polygalae, slightly stuffy, stir-fry until it doesn't stick to your hands, take it out and let it cool. (Every 1 Jin of Radix Polygalae is roasted with 2 Jin of refined honey)

① On the Roasting of Leigong: "If you want to make Radix Polygalae, you must first remove your heart. If you don't remove your heart, it will be boring to take it. "I've lost my heart. I'll soak it in cooked licorice soup overnight, percolate it out, and let it dry.

(2) "Despei Materia Medica": "(polygala tenuifolia) rice is soaked in swill, smashed with a hammer, and used for heart removal."

the taste is bitter and pungent, and warm.

① Ben Jing: "Bitter and warm."

② Bielu: "Non-toxic."

③ 《 The Classic of Materia Medica 》: "Bitter but slightly pungent, warm."

④ A Record of Medical Enthusiasm in the West: "The taste is sour and slightly pungent, and the nature is flat."

meridian entering the heart and kidney meridians.

① Wang Haogu: "Kidney meridian is divided into qi."

② southern Yunnan materia medica: "entering the heart, liver and spleen."

it is mainly used to soothe the nerves, improve intelligence, eliminate phlegm and relieve depression. Treat fright, amnesia, wet dream, insomnia, cough with excessive phlegm, carbuncle, sore and swelling.

(1) Eliminating phlegm and inducing resuscitation: it can be used to treat dizziness, excessive phlegm and mental disorder caused by phlegm blocking the mind. It can be combined with Acorus calamus and Curcuma Rhizome.

(2) communicating with the heart and kidney: it is used for insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony, and is often combined with Poria cocos and Ziziphus jujuba seeds.

① Ben Jing: "Treating cough and adverse injury can make up for deficiency, eliminate evil spirits, benefit nine orifices, benefit wisdom, be smart with eyes and ears, never forget, and strengthen your will and strength."

② Notes on Materia Medica Classics: "Kill Tianxiong and Fuzi Poison."

③ Bielu: "Calm the heart, stop the fright, benefit the essence, and get rid of the diaphragmatic qi under the heart, heat in the skin and yellow face."

④ Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Treat the mind, strengthen the spring and strengthen the way of strengthening yang. Master dream evil. "

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⑥ Wang Haogu: "Treating kidney accumulation and running dolphins."

⑦ Compendium: "Treat all carbuncle."

⑧ southern Yunnan materia medica: "nourish your heart, calm your heart, and disperse phlegm and saliva. "Treat five epilepsy cases, such as convulsion, spitting and spitting, shaking hands and feet, unconsciousness, reducing defecation, and treating red and white turbidity, paste dripping and spermatorrhea."

Pet-name ruby "Materia Medica Rejuvenation": "Promoting qi to dissipate depression, and being good at eliminating phlegm."

usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 1 ~ 3 yuan; Soak in wine or take pills or powder.

fire in the heart and kidney should be avoided, and people with yin deficiency and hyperactivity of yang should not take it.

① Notes on Materia Medica Classics: "Get poria cocos, sunflower seeds and keel. "Fearing pearls, veratrum nigrum, cockroaches and clams."

② Theory of Medicinal Properties: "Fear of grubs."

the prescription ① is deficient in heart qi and five internal organs, or even sad and unhappy, and suddenly likes to forget, and plays at dusk, and makes hair dizzy at dusk: Acorus calamus, polygala tenuifolia (removing heart), Poria cocos are divided into two parts, and ginseng is divided into three parts. Take four flavors, pound them under the sieve, take a square inch dagger, eat them after, and take honey and pills like buttonwood on the third day, and take six or seven pills on the fifth day. (Dingzhi Xiaowan in Ancient and Modern Records)

② Treatment of neurasthenia, forgetfulness, palpitation, dreaminess and insomnia: Radix Polygalae (grinding powder), one yuan each time, twice a day, with rice soup. (Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine)

③ Treatment of chronic heartache: Polygalae (removing heart) and Acorus calamus (finely cutting) one or two each. Two flavors, roughly sifted, San Qian Bi and a lamp of water for each serving, decocted until seven minutes, and served at any time. (

Yuanzhi Decoction in Shengji Zonglu)

④ Treating carbuncle, backache and furuncle, and treating it when it is bad, don't ask about deficiency, cold and heat: take Yuanzhi (the soup washes away mud and beats the heart) as the end, drink a lamp, adjust San Qian at the end, and clarify it later, and apply it to the affected area with me. (

⑤ Treatment of sore throat: the meat of polygala tenuifolia is the end, it is blown, and the saliva is the degree. (ren Zhai zhi zhi Fang)

⑤ treatment of headache due to brain wind is unbearable: polygala tenuifolia (removing the heart), smashing Luo into fine powder, and every time you use half a word, you should first fill your mouth with water, that is, you will choke the medicine into your nose and still rub the sore spot. (

⑦ Treating qi stagnation into a drum account, and those drugs are ineffective: polygala tenuifolia (stir-fried with bran). Take five yuan a day, add three slices of ginger and decoct. (

⑧ Treatment of red and turbid urine: half a catty of polygala tenuifolia (licorice is boiled in water, and the heart is removed), two ounces of poria cocos (wood is removed) and two ounces of Alpinia oxyphylla. The top is fine powder, and the batter cooked with wine is pills, such as the size of a plane. Take 5 pills each time, and deliver the jujube soup in the clinic. (

Yuanzhi Pill in Zhu Shi Ji Yan Yi Fang) (9) Treatment of breast blowing: decoction with Yuanzhi wine, and I apply it to the affected area. (pocket prescription)

⑩ forgetfulness. Take the ambition as the end, and take it.

⑾ chest obstruction and heartache (going against the qi diaphragm, unable to eat). Use Cortex et Radix Polygalae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Herba Asari, Fructus Zanthoxyli (parched) and Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (processed), mash them together, add honey, and make into balls, which are as big as Wuzi. Take three pills each time, and send rice juice. Take it three times a day. If it doesn't work, the dosage can be slightly increased. Don't eat pork, cold water, and raw leeks. This recipe is called "Xiaocao Pill".

⑿ sore throat. Use the meat of Polygalae as the end, blow the sore spot, and take the saliva as the degree.

[13] headache due to brain wind. Inhale polygala tenuifolia into the nose.

[14] swelling and pain caused by breast blowing. Bake and grind Radix Polygalae, and take two yuan with wine. The residue is applied to the affected area.

⒂ all kinds of carbuncle. Soak polygala tenuifolia in rice washing water, beat away the heart and grind it fine. Every time you take San Qian, make it clear with a glass of warm wine. Drink the clear juice and apply the residue to the affected area.

[16] The urine is red and turbid. Use half a catty of polygala tenuifolia (boiled with licorice), two ounces of Poria and two ounces of Alpinia oxyphylla, grind them into powder, add wine and paste to make balls, which are as big as wuzi. Take 5 pills each time, take them hollow, and send jujube soup. Remind you: Polygala this Chinese herbal medicine comes from the Internet, please follow the doctor's advice before using it.