Why was Zhuge Liang deified? Where is "Farming Nanyang"?
Gulongzhong, also known as Zhuge Temple, is located in the west of Xiangyang 13km west of Xishan Ring Arch. Here, the mountains are green, the pine and bamboo are lush, quiet and elegant, the bells are sensitive and beautiful, and there is a feeling of "the mountain road is faint, and the trees are locked in the sky". "Looking back at the scenery in Longzhong, it turns out that the mountains are not high and elegant, the water is not deep and unclear, the land is not wide and uneven, the forest is not big and lush, the cranes are dependent on each other, and the pines and cypresses are green." This is Luo Guanzhong's description of the scenery in Longzhong in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Today, Luo Guanzhong's scenery is still faintly visible, but the "blind date between apes and cranes" has long since disappeared.
There are three reasons why Longzhong is famous in the world: First, Zhuge Liang "indifferent to his ambition, quiet and far-reaching" and cultivated the land of Long Mu; Second, Liu Xuande's "thirst for virtue, courtesy corporal" takes care of the cottage; Third, Zhuge Liang put forward "Long Zhong Dui", which contributed to the source of the three-point world pattern. This is the truth that "Kong Ming is still in infancy and knows three points in the world".
Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langya County (now yinan county) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His parents died long ago. At the age of fourteen, I joined my uncle Zhuge Xuan to take refuge in Jingzhou Secretariat Liu Biao. At the age of seventeen, he went to Longzhong and lived in a house under construction. In the 12th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 207), Liu Bei, a shepherd from Yuzhou, came to Longzhong to look for Zhuge Liang, who was called "Wolong", on the recommendation of Xu Shu and Si Mahui. Kong Ming analyzed the general trend of the world for Liu Bei and put forward the strategic decision of "three points in the world", that is, "Long Zhong Dui". Since then, 28-year-old Zhuge Liang followed Liu Bei out of the mountain and began his political career, eventually becoming the most outstanding politician, strategist and thinker in the Three Kingdoms period. His wisdom story has been told by the world for thousands of years; His personality has been admired by the world for thousands of years. Longzhong is also famous for him.
Today, in Longli, except for Sangutang and Wuhou Temple, which were buildings in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, most other landscapes were built after the 1980s. The only way to visit is through just visiting. I visited Zhuge Wuhou by imagining the scenery described by Wu Guanzhong.
The symbol of Gulong Zhong is the stone archway of Gulong Zhong, which was built in the 19th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1893). The stone pillars on both sides of the archway are engraved with the poem of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, "Three summonses focus on the country, and two generations focus on the heart of a child", which not only praises Liu Bei's sincerity in visiting the thatched cottage, but also praises Zhuge Liang's loyalty in assisting the two dynasties. Zhuge Liang's famous saying is engraved on the small doors on both sides: "Indifferent to your ambition, quiet and far-reaching". The back of the archway is engraved with an ancient couplet (the name is forgotten). The first couplet says that he is the brother of Yi, Lu and others, and the second couplet says that he will surpass all the greatest politicians. Horizontal batch: one person for three generations. In other words, Zhuge Liang's talent is also closely related to that of Yi Yin, the founder of Shang Dynasty, and Lu Shang (Jiang Ziya), the founder of Zhou Dynasty. If the ability to command, not lost in the early Han sages Xiao He, Cao Can. Zhuge Liang was the only person who appeared after Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It can be seen that the ancients' evaluation and admiration for Zhuge Liang is much higher than today.
The reason why Zhuge Liang has been admired by the world for thousands of years is not what some people say now, but what is advocated by a romance of the Three Kingdoms. At that time, when Cao Cao occupied "the right time" (relying on the emperor to establish a vassal) and Sun Quan occupied "the right place" (owning the Jiangdong base area), Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei, and in addition to "harmony between people" (the so-called "harmony between people" refers to the will of the people), Liu Bei was finally able to form a tripartite confrontation with Cao and Sun, which was something that ordinary people could do.
Especially when Zhuge Liang governed Shu Han, he was able to "comfort the people, show etiquette, be an official, be subordinate to power, be sincere and level"; "Officials should not be raped, and people are self-motivated; The Tao does not pick up the remains, and the strong does not invade the weak "; Planting and breeding, developing water conservancy. The people are blocked and everyone is happy. After his death, "people sacrificed in the alley and people sacrificed in the wild", which made Liang Yiren think deeply. All these show that Zhuge Liang won the hearts of the people when he governed Shu Han, although Zhuge Liang failed to realize his desire to revive the great man in the end. However, "but before he conquered, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats." It can be seen how important the people's hearts are! Although the "human heart" can't compete with power sometimes, it will eventually overcome power. This is the reason why Zhuge Liang has been praised, admired and mythical for thousands of years.
After Zhuge Liang died, people missed him very much. Wherever he has been, temples and shrines have been built for him. There are countless temples in Wuhou, and many places are arguing about who is more authentic. Among them, especially in Gulong, Xiangyang, Hubei and Wollongong, Nanyang, Henan. Longzhong School is based on Longzhong in Longzhong Dui, and Nanyang School is based on "I was plowing in Nanyang".
During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Jiaheng, a native of Xiangyang, became the magistrate of Nanyang, and the two places took the "authentic" lawsuit to the magistrate's yamen. On the one hand, the magistrate of a county should uphold justice for his hometown, on the other hand, he should handle cases impartially and not be partial to the village. Gu Jiaheng listened carefully to the statements of both sides and did not immediately express his position. The next day, the two sides came to the government office again, waiting for the magistrate to decide the case. I saw that Gu Zhifu took out Four Treasures of the Study and wrote a couplet: "The heart is in court, regardless of the ancestors; Famous in the world, why argue Xiangyang Nanyang? " When this alliance came out, both sides were convinced, and both of them were deeply impressed by the wisdom of the magistrate. At this point, this debate has come to an end.
But in recent years, the debate has started again. However, at this time, the debate at this time is not out of admiration, but to compete for tourism resources. This is completely different from Mr Zhuge's mind of "indifferent to Zhi Ming, quiet and far-reaching". In fact, as long as you read history carefully, it is not difficult to tell what Kong Ming is committed to. Longzhong and Han dynasties were under the jurisdiction of Nanyang county, so Mr. Kong Ming claimed to be "cultivating Nanyang"; After the Ming Dynasty, Longzhong belonged to Xiangyang, Xiangyang to Hubei and Nanyang to Henan, which led to the above statement. However, in different times, the purpose of debate is different.