What is the difference between the official titles of civil servants and military attaché s in ancient China?
Civil servants: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Diange University.
Wu Zhi kyou-kan: Minister in charge of guards and ceremonies.
2, positive two products
Civil officials: Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, Prince Shaobao, assistant ministers of various ministries, and head of the internal affairs office.
Civil servants: provincial governors.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Commander of the Left and Right Wing Forward Battalion, Commander of the Eight Banners Guards, and Minister.
Wu Zhi Foreign Officers: Deputy Commanders and General Commanders.
3, positive three products
Civil officials: left and right deputy governors of Douchayuan, Zongren Fucheng, political envoy of the General Political Department, Zhan Shi, Zhan Shifu, minister of Dali Temple.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Shuntianfu magistrate, Fengtianfu magistrate, provincial judges.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: First-class bodyguard, wingman of Firearms Battalion, wingman of Jianrui Battalion, pioneer, bodyguard, Xiao Qi, long history of Wang Fu.
Foreign officials of Wu Zhi: city guards, generals and commanders.
4, positive four products
Civil officials: Deputy Envoy of the General Political Department, Shao Qing of Dali Temple, Shao Zhan of Master Zhan, Shao Qing of Taichang Temple, Shao Qing of Taibu Temple, Secretary of Split Temple and Minister of Supervision Institute.
Civilian foreign officials: Shun Tianfu Cheng, Feng Tianfu Cheng, Governor.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Second-class bodyguard, Ambassador Yun Hui, deputy bodyguard, deputy pioneer, deputy Xiao Qi, manager of Taibu Temple Camel Factory, master of ceremonies of Belle Palace, and chief guard.
Foreign officials in Wu Zhi: garrison commander, assistant, commander, commander and consultant.
5, positive five products
Civil officials: concubines from Zuoyou Chunfang, Shao Qing from the General Political Department, Guizhi from Guanglu Temple, directors of Zongren House, doctors from various ministries, and envoys from Taiyuan Hospital.
Civilian foreign officials: common knowledge, common knowledge and common knowledge.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Third-class bodyguard, Zhi Yizheng, deputy commander of the deployment of the military academy, trusted officer of the military supervision, and assistant to the leader in charge.
Wu zhi's foreign officials: guarding the customs, guarding, guarding, publicizing the department of comfort, publicizing the department of comfort, knowing colleagues and thousands of households.
6, positive six products
Folk Beijing officials: The Cabinetshi Read, Zuo you Chunfang Zhongyun, imperial academy, Tang Zhu, director, director of Duchayuan, director of Dali Temple, director of Zongrenfu, director of Manchu Temple of Taichang Temple, director of Qin Jian, director of Han and Qin five senses, director of Shenle Department, director of monks and nuns, director of Taoist records.
Civil servants and foreign officials: Judge Jing Fu, Judge Jing County, Judge Tong and Judge Tu.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Lanling Garrison, Commander, Pro-Military Academy, Forward Military Academy, Garrison Military Academy, Birthgun Garrison Military Academy, Xiaoqi Military Academy, and Appointed Military Academy.
Foreign officials stationed in Wuzhi: General Men Qianzong, General Ying Qianzong, Secretary, Secretary Tongzhi, Deputy Procurator-General, Chief Minister, Chief Executive and Hundreds of Households.
7, positive seven products
Civilian Beijing officials: the editor of Hanlin Academy, the left and right judges of Dali Temple, Dr. Taichang Temple, imperial academy, cabinet classics, the experience of the General Political Department, the governor, Taichang Temple classics, the chief secretary of Taibu Temple, the treasurer of the Ministry Temple, the deputy commander of the armed forces, the Manchu reading of Taichang Temple Zhu Guan, Lang, and the Manchu singing of Honglin Temple.
Civilian foreign officials: Professor Cheng of Jingxian County, Professor Manzhouli of Shuntianfu, Professor of Discipline, Magistrate, Professor of Experience and Audit Department.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: History of Chengmen, deputy director of Taibus Temple Horse Factory.
Wu zhi's overseas officials: general manager, vice minister of peace and security, and vice minister of long-term litigation department.
8, positive eight products
Civil officials: Four Martial Arts, Dr. imperial academy Five Classics, Chief Physician Qin, Imperial Physician of Taichang Temple, Xielvlang of Taichang Temple, Monk Record Department and Temple.
Civilian foreign officials: Ambassador of Finance Minister, Ambassador of Salt Transportation Treasurer, Ambassador of Salt Road Treasurer, Ambassador of Salt Division, Ambassador of Salt Inspection Institute, Governor of Inspection Division, Government Experience, Xian Cheng, Shi Xiancheng, Lv Xue, Shi Si, Zheng Xue, Oracle Bone Inscriptions.
Wu Zhi kyou-guan: No.
Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Commissioner Qian.
9. Steamed Jiupin
Civil officials: the fourth translation assistant of the Ministry of Rites, Qin Tianjian, the treasurer, and Han Li Zanlang of Taichang Temple.
Civil servants and foreign officials: according to the procuratorate, the governor, the governor, the judge, and the county magistrate.
Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Lanling is the head of each battalion.
Wu Zhi Foreign Affairs Officer: General Manager of Foreign Affairs Committee.
Extended data:
First, the duties of the military attache:
1. As a representative of the armed forces of the host country, maintain diplomatic relations with the military of the host country and handle exchanges and negotiations between the armed forces of the two countries;
2. Conduct diplomatic social activities with military and political officials, social figures and diplomatic missions (mainly foreign military attaché s) in the host country;
3. To undertake or assist military assistance, military training, military trade, military cooperation and military technology transfer according to the agreement between the two countries and the instructions of the higher authorities;
4. Investigate military-related situations by all legal means and report the situation directly or indirectly to some relevant military departments of the sending country through the embassy.
Second, the characteristics of the traditional civil service system in China
1, the supreme kingship is the foundation of the existence and operation of the traditional civil service system.
Absolute monarchy is the basic form of political rule in ancient China. The monarch has the power to kill and seize all subjects, including officials, and governments at all levels and officials of all sizes are only part of the imperial power.
Moreover, the rank of civil servants is constrained to varying degrees, and higher-level officials dominate the appointment and removal of lower-level officials. The top-down authorization and control system makes the power point to a single point, and the personal attachment is serious, which leads to the formation of dual personalities of officials who are both masters and slaves, welcoming the Song Dynasty and bullying the Song Dynasty, which breeds various drawbacks.
2. Corruption is serious.
The root of corruption lies in the lack of public power restriction mechanism. Under the autocratic monarchy system in ancient China, although there were many decrees and full-time supervisory organs, the supervisory organs had the same rights as other government departments, and the supervisory system was single, with extremely limited functions and effectiveness, and official corruption was serious.
3. Lack of management knowledge and skills.
Under the scattered small-scale peasant economy in ancient China, the responsibilities of government officials were very simple. The most basic functions of officials at all levels are publicity and education, advocating etiquette, maintaining public order and urging grain tax collection.
The problem of administrative technology depends more on aides and petty officials, while the grass-roots society in ancient China was autonomous by local gentry and rarely needed the intervention of state administrative power, so officials could not and did not need administrative knowledge and skills to integrate, standardize and manage the society.
4. Statutory standards
Official standard is the core of ancient official standard culture. Officials not only have power, but also wealth, reputation and various privileges; Being an official is first of all an identity level, and then a career.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Official Title
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-military attache
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-civil servants