What is the pavilion like?

The pavilion is an open small building made of bamboo, wood, stone and other materials. The plane is generally round, square, hexagonal, octagonal and fan-shaped, and the top is a single-eave, double-eave and pyramid-shaped roof. According to the location, there are bridge pavilions, road pavilions, well pavilions and gallery pavilions. The largest garden is the pavilion on the east side of the seventeen-hole bridge in the Summer Palace. "Interpretation of the Name" said: The pavilion means to stop, which is a place for tourists to rest, enjoy the cool, shelter from the rain and enjoy the beautiful scenery around them. There are generally no doors and windows in the pavilion, only the roof has no walls, which is characterized by the wind and exquisite appearance in all directions. Its forms are diverse and colorful, and its graceful image can add a lot of color to the landscape. This pavilion can definitely stand on the garden view. Its location, there must be beautiful scenery around it, and its viewing angle and viewing distance are also the best, so the pavilion is known as the "eye of the garden". Because there must be beautiful scenery around the pavilion, it is a place mainly for sightseeing, so tourists often take the pavilion as a guide, so the pavilion plays the role of organizing tours. A covered passage is called a corridor. Corridor is usually arranged between two buildings or viewing points, which plays a practical role in sheltering from wind and rain and connecting traffic, and plays an important role in the development and hierarchical organization of landscape in gardens. According to the shape of the cross section, the corridor can be divided into four types: double-sided empty corridor (transparent on both sides), single-sided empty corridor, corridor (with a wall in the middle of the double-sided empty corridor) and double-decked corridor (upper and lower floors). From the overall shape and position, it can be divided into straight corridor, curved corridor, cloister, climbing corridor and bridge corridor. The promenade is long, narrow, smooth, curved and empty, which is used to connect scenic spots with scenic spots. It is a kind of architecture with both "leading" and "ornamental". Narrow and smooth can promote people's sense of expectation and quest, and can achieve the purpose of "attracting people"; You can enjoy the ever-changing scenery in the curved air, because you can move from one place to another. In addition, the colonnade also plays a role in framing the landscape. A building near the water or partially or completely built on the water, used for rest and viewing the water features. The house by the water is called Xie of Water. It is characterized in that a platform is erected at the water's edge, half of which extends into the water and the other half stands on the shore. Pavilion-like buildings are built on it, and railings or beauty lounges are set between the surrounding columns to make the water side particularly open. Sometimes, the buildings on the stage are separated by the leaky window powder wall and round hole floor tiles in the inner ring, surrounded by cloisters, and the facades around them are open, simple and light, making them a good place for people to have a rest and enjoy the scenery by the water. The main function of waterside pavilion is to decorate the waterscape for tourists, and it is also often used as a teahouse in tourism. On the one hand, tourists can rest and enjoy the cool, on the other hand, they can enjoy tea and scenery, which is an ideal place to stop and watch the water features. Water has a gentle and lively character. There is water in the garden, and the scenery is more charming and poetic. At the water's edge, the sky and clouds, the reflection of waves, swimming fish and lotus flowers, and the shadow of moonlight are all important contents of viewing, which can give people beautiful enjoyment. In China Garden Aesthetics, Mr. Jin Xuezhi summarized the beauty of water as: pure beauty, ethereal beauty, flowing beauty and article beauty. According to his analysis, the clean beauty of water is not only a material cleaning function of moistening, cooling and purifying the environment, but also a spiritual cleaning function of washing the spirit, purifying the heart, cultivating the temperament and purifying the soul; The ethereal beauty of water not only shows the clear and crystal beauty of water quality, but also shows the truth and illusion in the reflection. The beauty of virtual spirit, that is, it seems to be true and virtual, up and down, in a trance; The beauty of water flow is not only reflected in the long-standing lively flowing state, but also in the gurgling sound like talking to people and playing music for them; The beauty of water articles is reflected in Su Xun's description of various abnormal situations when Feng Shui meets Feng Shui and the wind blows water crepe. These constitute the beauty of Wen Lan's water embroidery. Hall is the main building in the garden, which is often the layout center of the whole garden, the land of national quintessence and the gathering place of many scenery. The hall is an independent building in the garden separated from the ancient single building. In ancient architecture, the hall is a room for receiving guests, banquets and salutations. The hall is a central, sunny and spacious room in a single building, and it is also a place for social activities. Hall is the main building in the garden, which is generally tall, has good viewing conditions and orientation, and is often the main body and composition center of garden buildings. The function of the hall is mostly used for parties, banquets and scenery appreciation, which integrates multiple functions. Therefore, the characteristics of the hall are: tall, spacious, beautifully decorated and richly furnished. Generally, doors and windows are opened in front, back or left and right, so you can enjoy the beautiful scenery outside the park in the hall. There are also four halls and Yuanyang Hall, and the main hall is mostly four halls. For the convenience of viewing, there is often no closed wall around, but a large area of partitions, floor-to-ceiling windows and cloisters. Yuanyang Hall divides the room into two parts with screens or curtains, and it is divided into two parts, and the decoration and furnishings before and after are also unique. The advantage of Yuanyang Hall is that one hall can be used for two purposes. For example, it can be used to entertain guests after the celebration, or it can be used to entertain guests and sit with the seasons. In addition, most of the flower halls and fish viewing halls are built by the water, and generally there is a platform in front for viewers to choose their goals freely and enjoy themselves. The hall is often a closed courtyard layout with only doors and windows on the front, which is the residence of the garden owner. Generally speaking, different halls have different functions, such as Shanghai Yuyuan Garden, Sansui Hall is used to receive tourists, Dianchun Hall is used to entertain and watch plays, and Yuhua Hall is a study. Therefore, the function of each museum depends on the specific situation and is different from each other. Fasting is fasting, and its environment is generally secluded. Most of its styles are simple and elegant, with elegant and unique taste. Fasting is mostly used for meditation, reading and resting in the garden. The porch is similar to a pavilion, and it is also a small building as a starting point in classical gardens. The difference between a porch and a gazebo is that there are simple tables and chairs in the porch for tourists to rest. Generally speaking, the porch in the garden is mostly the gathering place of poets, which requires quiet environment, simple shape and more traditional paintings, plaques and couplets, which can give people a subtle and elegant taste. The porch is also used to enjoy the scenery. The boat is a boat-shaped building built on the water surface of the garden, which imitates the shape of the boat for people to play, feast and enjoy the water scenery, such as Xiangzhou in Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden and Qingyan Boat in Beijing Summer Palace. It is a boat-shaped building, close to or in water. It is divided into three parts from front to back. The front cabin is higher and the middle cabin is slightly lower. There are two small buildings in the back cabin for climbing and overlooking. The front end is connected to the shore with a gondola, imitating the springboard for boarding. Because it can't move, it's also called not tying the boat. Being in the water makes people closer to the water, immersed in it, and makes people feel rippling in the water. It is a place where people rest, enjoy and eat in the garden. However, the fat building has a special significance in the artistic conception creation of China garden art. As we know, boats are the main means of transportation in ancient Jiangnan. However, since Zhuangzi said that "an incompetent person has nothing to ask for, but he is invited to swim when he is full", fatness has become a symbol of ancient literati's seclusion in the Jianghu, indicating that the garden owner lives in seclusion in the Jianghu and does not ask about political affairs. Therefore, it is often the owner's emotional building, suitable for seclusion. Because a considerable number of ancient literati were frustrated in their official career and dissatisfied with real life, they often wanted to live in seclusion and indulge in mountains and rivers. Most of their leisure trips were to buy a boat and travel thousands of miles a day, which was a pleasure. Therefore, prevention often means seclusion in gardens, but ships have different meanings on different occasions. For example, the Lion Forest in Suzhou is the back garden of the Buddhist temple, so the boat in the garden means Purdue sentient beings. As for the stone fat in the Summer Palace, according to Wei in the Tang Dynasty, "water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it", because stone fat can never be repeated, so it means that mountains and rivers last forever. The boat on the rockery in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden should be interpreted as "this is a fairyland on earth". Small-scale rest and conference halls are sometimes called buildings, such as the Concert Hall and Yiyun Hall in the Summer Palace. Abutment is an open-air building with a relatively flat surface. There can be no buildings on it, only for people to rest, watch and entertain, and buildings can also be built. The platform-based building looks grand and tall. Terraces built on different landforms are called rooftop (built on the top of the mountain), fishing platform (built on the cliff) and floating platform (built by the water). Pavilion is a high-rise building in the garden, which is generally large in size and rich in shape. Early architecture refers to the stacking of two-story single buildings for living. The pavilion is vacant on the basement, and the main building is located on the upper floor, which is mostly used for sightseeing. Later, the multi-storey halls where paintings and calligraphy were stored or offered to Buddha were called pavilions, such as the Buddha Pavilion in the Summer Palace in Beijing. Bridges, islands and dikes are important parts of landscape architecture. According to the shape of the bridge, there are arch bridge, flat bridge, pavilion bridge and covered bridge. The materials used to build bridges are mostly stone, bamboo and wood. The royal gardens in the north of China are mostly spectacular bridges, while the gardens in the south are mostly small and exquisite arch bridges.