Secondary painting and decoration technology of immovable furniture
1 Buy water and electricity. Measure the size of the house yourself (the more detailed the better). Take photos of all the original power supplies, switches and sockets in the home (this step can be omitted). Is there carpentry (openings, window covers, curtain boxes, cabinets)? Is the indoor door made by carpenters or bought? 6 whether to hit the wardrobe. 7 What is a floor? Where can I put the washing machine? Size (for changing water into electricity) 9 Location and size of washbasin (for changing water) 10 Determine the shower mode (bathtub, shower room, open type)1Whether it is equipped with mirror headlights (for changing water into electricity) 12 Size and location of kitchen sink (for changing water into electricity and kitchen cabinets) 65.
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Basic installation procedures: 1, go through the commencement formalities-2, measure by yourself-(tile area, wall paint area, wallpaper area, floor area, and define the size of the main wall) 3, preliminary design-4, main body demolition and transformation-(wall demolition, wall paving, wall lifting, heating removal, plastic steel window replacement, etc.). 5, wooden door manufacturers to measure-(window cover, plastic steel window replacement, etc.). See whether the location of the water meter is appropriate, and whether the location of the water inlet is convenient for installing the sink later) 7 Hydropower transformation —— (The main materials such as tiles and core boards will enter the site after the hydropower transformation) (Designers will come to the door together in May, June and July) 8 Customized home —— (If it is customized furniture, the size can be completely determined after the hydropower transformation, and the time can be postponed according to the construction period of the furniture factory) 8 Waterproofing of the bathroom —————— (Waterway transformation is completed) Kitchen is general. ) 9 main materials enter the site-10 carpentry-(wood, tile, oil, whoever is dirty will serve first. In a sense, carpentry, such as erecting pipes, making decorative ceilings and sticking plaster lines, can also be considered as a fine link in the main body demolition and transformation, which does not conflict with the transformation of water circuits. Sometimes some coordination is needed) 1 1 tiling-(including installing windowsill, floor drain and lampblack machine) 12 installing lampblack machine-13 second measurement of cabinet-(the kitchen floor tiles are pasted and the lampblack machine is installed) 14 painting the wall. Exhaust fan (Yuba) installed at the same time) 16 gas supply-(gas to be detected after cabinet installation) 17 cabinet installation-(sink and gas stove installed at the same time) 18 wooden door installation can be completed in one day-(window cover and ventilation can be installed at the same time) 19 floor installation can be completed in one day. ) 20 wallpaper laying —— (Before wallpaper laying, try to "have nothing" on the wall) 2 1 radiator installation —— (The day after wallpaper laying, it's also a day) 22 switch socket installation —— (Students should know or record the number and location of switch sockets in various natural rooms at home in detail) 23 lamp installation ——24 hardware and sanitary ware installation ——— (. ) 25 Installation of curtain rod-(The installation of curtain rod marks the basic end of home decoration) 26 Pioneering cleaning-
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Construction technology of wall tile
Construction preparation work
1, prepare the construction scheme of indoor tile project, and make written technical and safety disclosure to workers.
2, material preparation
(1) cement 32.5 or 42.5 grade slag cement or ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate or a re-inspection qualified test sheet. If the factory date exceeds three months and the cement has small pieces, it shall not be used; White cement should be above grade 32.5, and meet the requirements of design and specification quality standards.
(2) Sand: medium sand with a particle size of 0.35~0.5㎜, Yellow River sand with a silt content of no more than 3%, hard and clean particles, no organic impurities, pre-screened, others should meet the standard quality standards.
(3) Brick: The surface of brick should be smooth, square, flat and firm, and its variety, specification, size, color and pattern should be uniform and consistent, which must meet the design requirements. Disadvantages include lack of stare blankly, corner drop, dark marks, cracks and other defects. Its performance indicators should comply with the provisions of the current national standards, and the water absorption of glazed tiles should not be greater than 10%.
(4) Lime plaster: made of massive quicklime, which must be filtered by a screen with a hole diameter of 3㎜×3㎜ and stored in a sedimentation tank. The curing time at normal temperature shall not be less than 15d, and it shall be used for covering the surface ash for not less than 30 days. There must be no uncured particles and other substances in lime putty.
(5) Lime powder: finely ground lime powder, the fineness of which shall pass through a sieve with 4900 holes/cm2, and shall be soaked in water for at least 3 days before use.
(6) Fly ash: passing through a 0.08㎜ sieve, and the sieve allowance is not more than 5%; Interfacial adhesives and mineral pigments; According to the design requirements, its quality should meet the specifications and standards.
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2, the operation process
(1) Operation method when the matrix is concrete wall.
1), base treatment: level the concrete protruding from the wall, scrape the surface of the base concrete, or use fine cement mortar mixed with interfacial agent glue to make a small roughening wall, or brush the interfacial agent and water the base.
2) 10㎜ thick 1: 3 cement mortar shall be used as the base, and the mortar shall be leveled in layers and times, and then leveled and compacted with wood.
3) When the bottom ash is 60% to 70% dry, the brick shall be laid out according to the drawing requirements, glazed tile specifications and actual conditions.
4) Brick arrangement: Bricks shall be arranged horizontally and firmly according to the details and wall size, so as to ensure that the brick joints are uniform and meet the requirements of design drawings. Pay attention to the whole brick layout of the big wall, column and buttress, and there can be no non-whole brick less than 1/4 brick on the same wall. Non-whole brick rows should be arranged in secondary parts, such as window walls or internal corners. Also pay attention to consistency and symmetry. If there are prominent clamping pieces, the whole brick should be used for cutting and matching, and non-whole bricks should not be used to piece together and stick together at will.
5) Paste the standard points with waste glazed tiles, and paste the mixed mortar used as ash cake on the wall to control the surface smoothness of glazed tiles.
6) Bottom foot, accurately calculate the elevation of the lower mouth of the next skin brick. The bottom foot epithelium is generally about 1 cm lower than the ground, so put the bottom foot away on this basis and keep it level and stable.
7) Brick selection and brick soaking: Before sticking bricks, bricks with the same color and specifications should be selected; When soaking bricks, clean the bricks, soak them in clear water for more than 2 hours, and then take them out to dry or wipe the surface before use.
8) Tile sticking: Sticking should be done from bottom to top. 8㎜ thick, 1: 0. 1: 2.5, the combination layer of cement, lime, gypsum and mortar shall be leveled, and tiles shall be attached from top to bottom with plastering. After the mortar is full, it should be removed and re-pasted, and the flatness should be checked at any time with the guiding rule, and the gap width should be consistent.
9) After self-inspection without empty drum, uneven and flat plastering, clean it with cotton silk, wipe the seam with hook glue, white cement or pat-dry white cement, wipe the plain cement slurry evenly with cloth, and wipe the brick surface.
Another method is to use 1: 1 cement mortar, add 20% interface glue or special tile glue, and stick it on the back of the brick with a thickness of 3㎜~4㎜. But in this way, the grass-roots ash must be smoothed, and the sand must be screened with window screens before use.
In addition, rubber powder can also be used to paste ceramic tiles, and its thickness is 2~3㎜. This will make the base ash smoother.
(2) Operation method when the matrix is brick wall:
1) Basic treatment: Before plastering, the wall must be cleaned and watered.
2) 12㎜ thick 1: 3 cement mortar shall be used as the bottom layer, and the bottom layer shall be painted in layers, with the thickness of each layer being 5~7㎜, and then leveled and rubbed.
3) (4 ~ 8) The practice of using concrete walls as the base.
quality standard
1, master project
(1) The varieties, specifications, colors, patterns and properties of ceramic tiles must meet the design requirements.
(2) The leveling, waterproof, bonding and jointing materials and construction methods of tile project should meet the design requirements, current national product standards, engineering technical standards and national environmental pollution control regulations.
(3) Tiling must be firm.
(4) The ceramic tile project constructed by full adhesion method shall be free of hollowing and cracks.
2. General items
(1) The surface of ceramic tile is smooth, clean, uniform in color and free from cracks and defects.
(2) The overlapping mode at the corner of Yin and Yang, and the parts not used by the whole brick should meet the design requirements.
(3) The tiles around the wall protrusions should be cut and matched with the whole brick group, with neat edges. Dado, stick face protruding wall thickness should be consistent.
(4) Allowable deviation items and inspection methods of tile anvil shall meet the requirements in the following table.
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Matters needing attention
Quality key point 1, material key requirements: cement 32 or 42.5 slag cement or ordinary portland cement. If the factory date exceeds three months and there are small pieces of cement that are not suitable for use, there should be a factory certificate or re-inspection certificate; Medium sand for sand; Brick surface should be smooth, uniform in color, square, smooth, consistent in specifications and firm in texture, which is not conducive to defects such as lack of stare blankly, corner drop, dark marks and cracks. 2. The key technical requirement is that the elastic line must be accurate, and the next working procedure can only be carried out after reinspection. Before plastering at the grass-roots level, the wall must be cleaned and watered. Grassroots plastering must be smooth; Bricks should be smooth and firm, and the joints should be even. 3. Quality Key Requirements (1) During construction, the wall surface must be well treated at the grass-roots level and fully watered. When plastering the bottom ash, layered plastering should be adopted according to different substrates, and the mixture ratio should be strictly measured to master the appropriate mortar consistency, and the interfacial agent glue should be added in proportion to make the interlayer bond firm. Pay attention to timely sprinkler maintenance; In winter construction, anti-freezing and heat preservation measures should be taken to ensure that the mortar does not freeze, and its indoor temperature should not be lower than 5℃, but construction is not allowed in cold weather. Prevent hollowing, falling off and cracking. (2) When the structure is constructed, the geometric dimensions should be controlled, the external wall should be vertical and flat, and the basic treatment should be done carefully before decoration. We should strengthen the inspection of basic workpieces, and the next working procedure in March can only be carried out after passing the inspection. (3) Before construction, carefully check the actual situation of structure construction according to the drawing size, to ensure that the elastic line, block brick arrangement are fine, and the plaster ash cake control points meet the requirements. 4. The key requirements for occupational health and safety (1) electricity utilization shall conform to the Technical Specification for Temporary Electricity Use Safety on Construction Site (JGJ46-88). (2) The erection of shelves shall comply with the provisions of Code for Safe Operation of Building Engineering (DBJ0 1-62-2002). (3) Corresponding protective measures should be taken during construction to prevent dust pollution. 5. The key environmental requirements (1) shall conform to the construction requirements of the Regulation on Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering (GB50325-200 1). (2) Noise pollution should be prevented in the construction process, and low-noise equipment should be selected in the noise-sensitive area at the boundary of the construction site, or other noise reduction measures should be taken. building technology
Indoor tile in turn allowable deviation inspection method for allowable deviation of items 1 vertical verticality 2 Check the surface flatness with 2m straightedge 2 Check the Yin and Yang angle founder with 2m straightedge and feeler gauge 2 Check the joint straightness with a square ruler 1 and pull 5m. Less than 5 Milla line, check with a steel ruler; Check with a steel ruler; Check with a feeler gauge; Check with a steel ruler; Check with a feeler gauge; Check with a steel ruler; Check the finished product protection (1); Clean up the mortar left on the door frame in time; In particular, aluminum alloy doors and windows should be affixed with protective films to prevent pollution and corrosion; Construction personnel should protect themselves from damage. (2) Seriously implement the reasonable construction sequence and a few types of work (water, electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc.). ) should be done in the front to prevent tile damage. (3) Paint shall not drip on the finished ceramic tile. If the upper part of the ceramic tile is painted, it should be painted first, and then tiled, so as not to pollute the wall. If tiles need to be made first, measures such as sticking strips or plastic films must be taken after completion to prevent pollution. (4) Before setting, each plastering layer should be prevented from air drying, water flushing and vibration, so as to ensure that each layer has sufficient strength. (5) When moving or dismantling the shelf, be careful not to collide with the wall. (6) During transportation, storage and construction, measures must be taken to prevent damage to decorative materials, decorations and decorative components.
Safety and environmental protection measures (1) Before operation, check whether scaffolding and springboard are firmly erected and whether the height meets the operation requirements. Only after passing the test can it be put into operation. Anyone who does not meet the safety requirements shall be repaired in time. (2) It is forbidden to wear hard shoes, slippers and high heels to work on the shelf. People on the shelf are not allowed to gather together, and tools should be put aside to be stable to prevent people from falling. (3) When working on two layers of scaffolding, try to avoid working on the same vertical line. When working at the same time, the lower operators must wear safety helmets. (4) When plastering, mortar should be prevented from falling into the eye; When the eight-foot board is fixed with bamboo pieces or steel bars, it will prevent the bamboo pieces or steel bars from rebounding and hurting people. (5) Safe electricity must be used for temporary mobile lighting at night. Mechanical operators must be trained and show certificates, and all mechanical equipment and non-mechanical operators on site are prohibited from operating. (6) Ceramic tiles, adhesives and other materials must meet the requirements of environmental protection and be pollution-free. (7) It is forbidden to build a springboard and throw things down from a height. It is forbidden to erect scaffolding on doors and windows, radiators, plumbing and other pipelines.
Quality record (1) materials shall have certificate of conformity or re-inspection certificate. (2) Quality inspection and evaluation data shall be available for project acceptance. (3) The bonding layer, waterproof layer, connecting nodes and embedded parts (or rear embedded parts) shall have concealed acceptance records. Common quality defects of bonded brick and its prevention measures (1) Common quality defects: uneven joint and uneven joint width.
Preventive measures: A, the selection of glazed tiles should be regarded as a process. Tiles of different colors should be stacked separately, and glazed tiles with bending, deformation, cracks and impurity defects on the surface should be picked out. Glazed tiles of the same size should be pasted on the same floor room or the same wall to ensure uniform joints. B, stick the rules, level with a spirit level, check the founder of the wall, calculate the vertical and horizontal skin lines, draw the skin lines, and set the level standard. Stick grey cakes on the waste glazed tiles and draw the standard. The spacing between the grey cakes shall be subject to the ruler, and the two sides of the yang angle shall be straightened. C, according to the play good horizontal line, firmly put away the horizontal plate, as the basis for pasting the first line of glazed tiles, paste line by line from bottom to top. Every line of glazed tiles is pasted, it should be straightened horizontally and vertically with guide plate in time, the deviation should be leveled gently with spoon handle, and the horizontal and vertical joints should be corrected in time. It is forbidden to move the water after pasting mortar. (2) Common quality problem: surface crack of glazed tile. Precautionary measures: a, the glazed tiles should be soaked with clear water during construction, the mortar for pasting glazed tiles should be mixed with clean raw materials, the paste should be dense, the brick joints should be firm, and the brick surface should be scrubbed clean. B, glazed tiles must be soaked thoroughly before pasting, and those with hidden injuries will be picked out. Try to use mortar with good workability and water retention. Don't knock hard on the brick surface during operation to prevent hidden injury. (3) Common quality problems: discoloration, pollution, decreased whiteness, yellowing, yellowing and blackening. Prevention and control measures: a, the base is cleaned, the surface is repaired and leveled, and the wall is drenched with water. B, glazed tiles before use, must be cleaned, soaked in water until glazed tiles don't steam, and not less than 2 hours, and then take out, paste again after the surface is dry. C, glazed tile paste mortar thickness is generally controlled between 7- 10mm, too thick or too thin are prone to empty drum. When necessary, 107 cement mortar mixed with 3% of the cement mass is used, so that the paste mortar has good workability and water retention, and has a certain retarding effect, which not only increases the adhesive force, but also reduces the thickness of the paste layer, and the time for correcting surface leveling and poking can be longer, which is convenient for operation and easy to ensure the paste quality. D, when using the mixed mortar bonding layer, you can tap the pasted glazed tile with a gray spoon and wooden handle; When using 107 adhesive polymer cement mortar bonding layer, it can be lightly pressed by hand and tapped with a rubber hammer to make it closely bonded with the bottom layer. Whenever the bonding is not dense, it should be removed and re-pasted, and most of the bricks should not be filled with ash. E, when the glazed tile wall empty drum falls off, the glazed tile should be removed, the original bonding mortar should be shoveled off, and it should be pasted and repaired with 107 glue polymer cement mortar.