How much water area does it take to hold the Olympic sailing boat?
Olympic sailing competition requires 4-5 competition venues in open waters. Each site is about 1-2 nautical miles in diameter. These areas should be close to the coast, the current should not be too large, the water depth should not exceed 3 meters, and there are no obstacles such as solid floating objects, fishing nets and fishing rafts. Civil ships and commercial ships should be banned from navigation in these venues before and during the competition. The marine police are on duty outside each area.
other related:
sailing brief introduction
-------------------. Since then, the competition form and level of sailing have been constantly changing, and boats have been constantly improving. At present, the Olympic sailing competition divides the participating ships into several standard levels according to their weight and size.
the origin of sailing
sailing is one of the water sports. Sailing competition is a sport in which athletes drive sailboats at a specified speed in the field.
In sailing, athletes rely on natural wind to act on the sails and drive the boats forward, which is a sports event integrating competition, entertainment, viewing and exploration. It has high ornamental value and is loved by people.
Modern sailing has become one of the most popular and popular sports activities in coastal countries and regions around the world, and it is also an important content for people of all countries to carry out sports and cultural exchanges.
Regular sailing can strengthen your physique and exercise your will. Especially in the unpredictable situation, the changing conditions of waves, meteorology and hydrology, fighting against the wind and waves can cultivate the spirit of fighting against nature and challenging yourself.
I. the origin and evolution of sailing boats
sailing boats originated in Europe and their history can be traced back to ancient times. Sailing is a witness of human struggle against nature, and the history of sailing is as long as the history of human civilization.
Sailing, as a competition event, is the earliest written record in the works of Virgil, an ancient Roman poet, more than 19 years ago. In the 13th century, Venice began to hold regular sailing competitions. At that time, there were no uniform specifications and grades for the racing vessels.
sailing originated in Holland. In ancient Holland, the terrain was very low, so many canals were dug, and people generally used small sailboats to transport or fish. This kind of boat is made of a single wood or bamboo raft, which is the earliest sailing boat in the world.
in p>1662, the king of England held a sailing race between Britain and the Netherlands, the route of which was from Greenwich to Gruesound and then to Greenwich. This is a large-scale sailing competition in the early days.
in the 18th century, sailing clubs and sailing associations came into being. Around 172, Britain, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France, Russia and other countries successively established sailing clubs or sailing competition associations, and large-scale sailing competitions were often held among countries. For example, in 187, the United States and Britain held the first famous "America's Cup" sailing race across the Atlantic. In 19, the first large-scale yacht race in the world was held.
in p>196, b? Smith and Sisk? Steiner made a special trip to Europe and the United States to discuss the competition level and rules of international sailing with sailing leaders, and proposed to establish an international sailing competition federation. In 197, the International Sailing Federation, the world's first international sailing organization, was formally established. The full name of FIA is International Sailing Federation, or "ISAF" for short. ISAF is one of the largest single sports federations in the world, with 122 member countries (or regions) and 81 sailing classes under its jurisdiction. ISAF has set up the International Federation of Disabled Sailing (IFDS) to engage in sailing for the disabled.
At present, there are 9 levels and 11 events entering the Olympic Games. The current chairman of ISAF is Goran of Sweden? Goran Petersson.
China Sailing and Windsurfing Association, referred to as "China Sailing Association". The full English name is CHINESE YACHTING ASSOCIATION, abbreviated as "CYA". China Sailing Association is a national sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee and a national mass sports organization with independent legal personality. China Sailing Association is the leading organization of sailing and windsurfing in China and the only legal organization that represents China in international sailing organizations.
second, the origin and evolution of windsurfing
windsurfing is a new water sport between sailing and surfing. Windsurfing consists of a board with a stabilizer, a mast with a universal joint, a sail and a mast.
Athletes use the natural wind force blowing on the sail to stand on the board, manipulate the sail through the sail mast to make the sail run at a speed on the water, and turn by changing the wind center of the sail and the center of gravity of the board.
windsurfing equipment is simple in structure and cheap in cost. A leaf "boat" travels at high speed in the blue sea and blue sky, with a variety of ways of playing, which makes people feel like returning to nature. It is a sport that people will never get tired of.
To participate in sailing, athletes always fight against the wind and waves, which can hone their will and make people's physical strength, endurance, balance and agility develop in an all-round way.
windsurfing is a level of Olympic competition.
windsurfing originated in the Hawaiian Islands, a world surfing resort in the late 196s.
In p>1967, a kind of extended surfboard with a rotatable mast appeared in mariner Harbor, California, USA, which was favored by teenagers. After that, it gradually formed a kind of sports, which was widely carried out in European and American countries. The first World Windsurfing Championship was held in 1974, and the International Windsurfing Association holds many international competitions every year.
windsurfing was accepted as a member of the Olympic family as a class of sailing in p>1981, and windsurfing was listed as an official event for the first time in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.
windsurfing competitions are held in all large-scale comprehensive sailing events, and regular professional series competitions are held around the world every year.
III. History of Sailing Development in the Olympic Games
In p>1896, sailing was listed as an official event in the first Olympic Games, but the sailing competition in the first Olympic Games could not be held due to bad weather conditions. In 19, the 2nd Olympic Games was held in Paris, France. Sailing was held in seven levels. Except for the 3rd Olympic Games held in St Louis, USA, there was no sailing competition, all the other Olympic Games had it.
In the 4th Olympic Games in p>198, the classification was changed to hull length. Before the 9th Olympic Games, the classification was based on weight or length, such as the class below .5 ton, the class below .5~1 ton, the 12-meter type and the 8-meter type. In the early Olympic Games, the ship types were not fixed. Now the competition has been strictly distinguished according to the level, and ships with similar weight and size are classified into the same competition level.
with the constant change of competition level, boats are constantly improved. The advent of glass fiber reinforced plastics has reduced the cost of boats and improved the technological level. Lightweight and small sailboats have gradually replaced old sailboats. In the competition level stipulated by the Olympic Games, small sailboats will gradually replace large sailboats. In 1976, at the 21st Olympic Games, all six classes were changed to sailboats with lighter hulls. The 25th Barcelona Olympic Games has the highest level of competition, with 1 levels for men and women.
At present, sailing competitions in the Olympic Games all adopt Olympic trapezoidal routes or tailwind routes. Sailing was originally a mixed event for men and women. Since the 1988 Olympic Games, men and women have been divided into two events. In 1988, the Seoul Olympic Games set up the women's 47-level competition. In 24, the Sorin class was deleted from the men's event of the Olympic Games and replaced by the women's Eagle Bell class.
The 28th Olympic Games in p>24 included 11 events, including men's mistral windsurfing, women's mistral windsurfing, Finnish windsurfing, laser windsurfing, men's 47, women's 47, 49-man windsurfing, tornado windsurfing, star windsurfing, European windsurfing and eagle bell windsurfing. * * * There were 4 athletes participating in the competition. At most one boat from each association can participate in each event.
The sailing competition in Athens Olympic Games in p>24 has eleven events, including four events for men and four events for women. The other three events are "open", that is, male and female athletes can participate in the competition at the same time.
The rapid development of windsurfing has attracted great attention from international sports organizations. Windsurfing was included in the 23rd Olympic Games in 1984, and men's and women's windsurfing were included in the 25th Olympic Games in 1992. Since the 23rd Olympic Games, windsurfing has reached the four easy levels. Neil Pryde RS:X will be a new windsurfing class in the 29th Beijing Olympic Games, with two events for men and women respectively.
Rules of Competition
I. Ranking calculation
Olympic trapezoidal routes are usually used in the Olympic Games, World Sailing Championships and China Sailing Championships. The limit of Olympic athletes is 4; 27 sailboats competed. Only one boat is allowed to participate in each event in each country.
the competition * * * has 11 rounds (16 rounds in 49-class). In the first 1 rounds (15 rounds in 49-class), the best 9 rounds (14 rounds in 49-class) are selected to calculate the ranking of each sailing boat. The scores of each round of ranking are: 1 point for the first place, 2 points for the second place, 3 points for the third place, 4 points for the fourth place, and so on. The top 1 ships entered the finals. The total score of each sailing boat is the sum of its ranking scores in each round of competition. The less the total score, the higher the ranking.
II. Competitions
According to the rules of international sailing competitions, athletes participating in the competitions can bring their own boats and sails, and anyone who has passed the measurement according to the level regulations by the measurement committee can participate in the competitions.
There are two ways to bypass the Olympic trapezoidal route, one is the outer route and the other is the inner route. The order of the outer race routes is: sailing -1-2-3-2-3- end; The order of the inner race route is sailing -1-4-1-2-3- end. Sailing competition determines the size of the venue according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions during the competition. Different levels of competition take different time, generally between 45 and 9 minutes.
there are two main forms of sailing competition, one is a "team race" for a group start, and the other is a "one-on-one race" between two ships. Sailing competitions in the Olympic Games are all "team competitions".
after the sailing signal is issued, any part of the hull, crew or equipment of the race boat touches the course when it reaches the first target course, which is considered as "sailing". Before the sailing signal is issued, any part of the hull, equipment or crew of the race boat touches the route or its extension line, which is called "seizing the route". The hijacker should return to the sailing preparation area within the specified time and set sail again in the way stipulated in the rules.
When any part of the hull, equipment or athlete's body of a sailing boat bypasses all the prescribed signs and touches the finish line in accordance with the prescribed voyage, the boat will end the race.
III. Signals and Avoidance
The way of information exchange in sailing competition is to display "signals", including visual signals (international navigation code flag) and auditory signals (sound), and the visual signals are the main basis.
The sailing competition rules stipulate various signals and avoidance rules during the competition, so as to avoid collisions and accidents, and the sailing boats in the competition must abide by them. One of the most important is "fair sailing", which must be won with superb technology and maximum speed, and it is not allowed to try to win by improper means.
The voyage and the direction of bidding are also specified in the sailing rules of the competition. All sailboats must bid according to the specified side, otherwise the race will be regarded as incomplete. If the sailboat fouls in the competition, it should be punished according to the rules of the competition and navigation rules, and then continue the competition.
Referee ship is a facility for organizing and commanding in sailing competitions. All the "signals" are displayed on the referee's boat. When the flag of a certain level is raised on the flagpole of the starting ship, it means the warning signal of "set out" at that level, and there are still 5 minutes before sailing; Raise the "P" flag (or I, Z and black flag), indicating that there are still 4 minutes before sailing; Lower the "P" flag (or I, Z and black flag), indicating that there is still one minute before sailing; Lower the class flag with an audible signal to indicate sailing.
if a sailboat passes the sailing route first before the sailing route is opened, it will be recalled individually to start again in order to seize the sailing. If there are more sailboats scrambling for navigation, and the referee can't distinguish the sailing boats, all the sailboats in this class will be recalled and set sail again. Sailing boats must abide by the rules of the competition route and the navigation rules from the time of preparing the signal for 5 minutes.
IV. Precautions
Sailing competitions are held at sea, and the situation at sea is complicated. Sailors are required to be able to swim and swim a long distance first. In addition, we must have good physical fitness to adapt to the turbulence of long-term sea waves.
International sailing competitions are often held in strong winds, with the wind speed of 1-12m per second. It is necessary to keep the course and speed, and to avoid capsizing, which requires the athletes to control the sails and boats as much as possible to keep the balance of the boats. At the same time, we should grasp the surrounding environment, water velocity, flow direction and airflow changes with a clear mind.
in the case of a large number of participating ships, you must also be familiar with the competition rules and avoid foul. Excellent athletes must also know how to check and arrange the equipment on board, especially adjust the sails to get the maximum lift.
Competition venue
The formal sailing competition is required to be held on the open sea, which should be 1-2 kilometers away from the coast. The Olympic trapezoidal route and the windward and tailwind routes are usually used for sailing competition in the Olympic Games.
The departure route consists of a virtual line between the flag pole of the starting ship and the flag pole of the left ship or buoy. The finish line is also a virtual line. The virtual connection between the terminal ship and the flag pole and the flag pole of the left ship or buoy; Its width is generally 5-6 meters, so that the referee can clearly observe each sailing boat (board) passing through the finish line.
Due to the constant changes of wind direction, wind speed, meteorology, hydrology and other conditions, the competition venue is not fixed. It is arranged according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions in the specified area (the chart position of this area should be notified to the contestants before the game). The layout of the venue is usually completed half an hour before the start of the competition. Each class of sailboats (boards) set sail at the same time.
As the water surface is open and the wind and waves are loud, the signal for starting and finishing is to raise the signal flag at the starting ship, and at the same time send out strong acoustic signals (such as flares and gongs). The sailing route of sailboat (board) is shown in the figure. The sailing boat (board) can't go against the wind from the starting point to the 1 ST segment, so it needs to take the zigzag shape, and the course is mastered by the athletes. It depends on the experience and technology of the athletes to judge which course is best to be winded.
There are 11 rounds in each level of the Olympic sailing competition (16 rounds in 49ers), and the 1 ships with the best performance in the first 1 rounds (15 rounds in 49ers) will enter the final round. Sometimes, due to weather conditions, the number of rounds can be reduced. There is no absolute record of sailing (board) competition because the site conditions are not completely consistent (wind speed and current speed are not equal).
The sailing competition of the p>28 Beijing Olympic Games consists of 11 events in 9 levels. Among them, there are 4 events for men, 4 events for women and 3 "open-level" (mixed) events.