People's education edition requires the examination paper of atmospheric units on the earth in the first year of high school.

(20 14? The geography interest group of a school did the experiment as shown in the figure: make two glass boxes with the same specifications, with a layer of soil at the bottom and no soil at the bottom of B. At noon, two glass boxes were placed in the sun at the same time. 15 minutes later, measure the temperature in the glass box at the same time. It was found that box A with soil at the bottom was 3℃ higher than box B without soil. Answer questions 1 and 2 accordingly.

1. The main purpose of this experiment is to test ()

A. the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere

B. the main direct heat source of the atmosphere

C. Time of day when the temperature appears

D. Thermal motion of the atmosphere

2. The reason why the temperature of box A is higher than that of box B is ().

A. Difference of solar radiation intensity B. Difference of ground radiation intensity

C. Difference of atmospheric heat absorption intensity D. Difference of atmospheric radiation intensity

Analysis 1 Choose B, 2 choose B. Question 1. The difference in the experiment is that "a layer of soil is put at the bottom of the glass box, but no soil is put at the bottom of the glass box". The difference of temperature indicates that it is caused by the difference of soil and soilless soil, and it can be inferred that the temperature formed by different underlying surfaces is also different. The temperature of soil is higher than that of soilless soil, indicating that the ground is the direct heat source of the atmosphere. Question 2: The temperature of box A is higher than that of box B because the soil at the bottom of box A absorbs solar radiation and heats up. After the soil warms up, it releases energy in the form of long-wave radiation, which is absorbed by the atmosphere and warms the atmosphere. So the temperature difference between box A and box B is caused by different ground radiation.

(20 14? Farmers in North China Plain often burn fire dung with dry cow dung, donkey dung and turf on sunny nights in autumn, producing billowing smoke. Answer questions 3 and 4 accordingly.

3. The role of farmers to do this is ()

A. It is beneficial to reduce solar radiation, so that the temperature will not be too high during the day.

B. it is beneficial to the direct absorption of solar radiation by the atmosphere and plays a warming role.

C. Thick smoke enhances the atmospheric inverse radiation at night and plays a role in heat preservation.

D. Thick smoke acts as a reflector, reflecting some solar radiation back into space.

In the area near the airport, the state forbids farmers to burn fire dung, because ()

A thick smoke interferes with the ionosphere, which is not conducive to the connection between the plane and the airport.

B smoke reduces the visibility near the airport, which is not conducive to the take-off and landing of aircraft.

C. cause environmental pollution and make the atmosphere full of peculiar smell.

D. destroying the ozone layer and causing ultraviolet pollution at the airport.

Analysis 3 choose C, 4 choose B. 3. Burning dry cow dung, donkey dung and turf together can increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thus enhancing the atmospheric inverse radiation, so that the temperature near the ground will not be too low at night, thus playing the role of heat preservation and frost prevention. Question 4: Thick smoke will reduce airport visibility and affect the safety of aircraft taking off and landing.

(20 14? Read the schematic diagram of thermal cycle below and complete questions 5 ~ 7.

5. The four-point pressure of ABCD in the figure is ()

A.a. point B.B. point C.C. point D.D.

6. Regarding the four points of ABCD in the picture, the following statement is true ()

A.a. may rain, and B.B. may form a tornado.

C.c is the center of low pressure and D.D is cloudy.

7. If this graph represents a low-latitude circulation graph, then ()

A.a is near the equator and b is near 60.

C. The westerly belt D is near the ground, and polar easterlies is near the ground.

Analysis of 5 choose B, 6 choose A, 7 choose A ... Question 5, the lower the same vertical plane, the higher the air pressure, so the air pressure at A is higher than that at C, and the air pressure at B is higher than that at D; On the same horizontal plane, the atmosphere flows from high pressure to low pressure, so the pressure at point B is higher than that at point A, so the pressure at point B is point. Question 6: the airflow at a rises. In the process of rising, the airflow is easy to condense into clouds, causing rainfall. Question 7: If the circulation is low latitude, the equatorial airflow will rise to form a low pressure area, corresponding to point A in the figure.

Remember the methods and skills of cyclone and anticyclone.

Middle-low cycle high gas vortex, low-level convergence and high-level divergence.

The north rises against the south and rises in the middle, making it difficult for cyclones to cross the sky.

Mid-high cycle low anti-vortex, high-altitude convergence and low-altitude divergence.

North to south, high-pressure transit weather is dry and sunny.

(20 13? Look at the picture and answer questions 8 and 9.

8. The pressure zone indicated by a is ()

A. Equatorial low pressure belt B. Subtropical high pressure belt

C. Sub-polar low pressure area D. Polar high pressure area

9. It is controlled by the B wind area all the year round, and its climate feature is ()

A. The climate is mild and humid all year round.

B. It is dry at high temperature in summer and mild and humid in winter.

C. It is hot and rainy all year round

D. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.

Analysis 8 choose B, 9 choose A ... Question 8: A is located on the regression line, and the airflow sinks, forming a subtropical high zone. Question 9: The second wind belt blows from low latitude to high latitude, and the airflow is easy to cool to form precipitation, so the area controlled by the second wind belt is mild and humid all the year round.

On June 20 13, 13, smog weather occurred in many places in China for several days. Haze refers to the phenomenon that a large number of extremely fine dry dust particles float evenly in the air, which makes the air with horizontal visibility less than 10 km generally turbid. Read 198 1 the graph of average foggy days in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2008, and answer the questions 10,1.

10. The season with the lowest smog incidence in Guangzhou is ().

A. Spring B. Summer

C. Autumn D. Winter

1 1.5438 June+10 The weather system that caused the foggy weather in Guangzhou was ().

A. cold front B. warm front

C. Strong low pressure D. Weak high pressure

Analysis 10 Choose B, 1 1 Choose D. Question 10 According to the comparison of the histograms in the figure, it can be found that the average number of haze days in June, July and August is the least, so the occurrence rate of haze in Guangzhou in summer is the lowest. The problem 1 1 is controlled by weak high pressure, and the airflow sinks, which is not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants.

(20 14? The figure below shows the average sea level pressure distribution along the prime meridian in one month. Look at the picture and answer the questions 12 and 13.

12. The month is ()

A. 65438+ October B. April C. July d. 65438+ October

13. One place is popular ()

A. southeast wind B. northeast wind

C. southwest wind

Analysis 12 chooses C, 13 chooses A ... Question 12. As can be seen from the figure, the equatorial low pressure belt is obviously located in the north of the equator, indicating that the pressure belt and wind belt are located in the north, and it is summer in the northern hemisphere. Question 13, a is located in the southern hemisphere trade wind zone, and the southeast wind prevails. 14.(20 14? The picture below is a map of monsoon around the world. The statement about this map is correct.

( )

A. This picture shows the monsoon situation in July.

B this picture shows the monsoon situation in June+10, 5438.

C. The Pacific Ocean is at low tide this season.

D. this is the high pressure on the Asian continent this season.

As can be seen from the figure, the wind blows from the ocean to the land at this time, indicating that the temperature on the ocean is low and the air pressure is high, and the Pacific Ocean is high, and the Indian low pressure is formed on the Eurasian continent.

(20 14? The bonfire party for the opening of the sea festival in a city is the most attractive tourist project. Visitors to the party found that the bigger the bonfire, the higher the smoke rose. Answer the questions 15 and 16.

15. The bigger the bonfire, the higher the smoke rises. The main reason is the bonfire center ().

A. strong wind. B. High brightness

C. High temperature D. High pressure

16. The following figure can reflect the smoke movement around the bonfire ().

Analysis 15 chooses C, 16 chooses B. Question 15, and the vertical movement of airflow is related to the uneven heat and cold on the ground. The higher the temperature, the higher the airflow rises. Problem 16, high temperature at the campfire, rising airflow, low ambient temperature, sinking airflow, forming a thermal cycle.

The picture below shows the ground weather in a month. Look at the picture and complete the questions 17 and 18.

17. Considering the weather, () is the most suitable place for people to travel by bike among the following places.

A. Urumqi B. Lanzhou

C. Harbin D. Shenyang

18. Suppose the moving speed of the two fronts in the figure is about 300km/ day, and the two cities with the closest weather changes in the next two days are ().

A. Lanzhou and Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Xi 'an

C.Xi Nanchang

Analysis 17 Choose C, 18 Choose B. Question 17 According to the density relationship of isobars, Harbin has the smallest wind on this day and is most suitable for cycling. Question 18, the two fronts in the figure are cold fronts, and the moving speed of the fronts is 300km/ day. Among these cities, Guangzhou and Xi 'an are located in front of the front, and the weather changes in the next two days are the closest.

Read the map of some cities in the United States and answer questions 19 and 20 according to the map.

19. The melons and fruits near Cupertino are sweet, and the following reason is correct ().

A. It's sunny and sunny in winter.

B. high temperature promotes grape ripening all year round.

C. There is little precipitation and plenty of sunshine in summer.

D. In the same period of rain and heat, the water and heat conditions are well coordinated.

20. The temperature and precipitation chart corresponding to the Seattle climate type in the picture is ().

Analysis 19 chooses C and 20 chooses D. Question 19 shows that Cupertino is located on the west coast of the mainland at 30 ~ 40, with Mediterranean climate, high temperature and little rain in summer and mild and rainy in winter. Less precipitation and plenty of sunshine in summer are conducive to sugar accumulation. Question 20: Seattle is located at 40 ~ 60 degrees on the west coast of the mainland, with a temperate maritime climate. Figure A shows the tropical rainforest climate, with high temperature and rainy all year round; Figure B: The lowest monthly temperature is below 0℃, and the precipitation is concentrated in summer, which belongs to temperate monsoon climate. C shows rain and heat in different periods, with Mediterranean climate; Figure D is mild and rainy all year round, with temperate maritime climate.

Second, multiple-choice questions (***60 points)

2 1.(20 14? Read the schematic diagram of wind formation near the surface and answer the following questions. (12)

(1) The motive force of the horizontal movement of the atmosphere is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (filled in letters).

(2) The arrow V in the figure indicates the uniform movement direction of air at point A, and this figure is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) As can be seen from the figure, the relationship between the stable wind direction and the isobar is _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4)F 1, F2 and F3 have obvious effects on wind speed, and only the wind direction is _ _ _ _ _ (fill in letters). Compared with A and C, the windy place is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

_______________________。

(5) Draw the wind direction of point B and point C. ..

By analyzing the problem (1), it is found that the motive force of the horizontal motion of the atmosphere is the horizontal pressure gradient force, which is perpendicular to the isobar and points from high pressure to low pressure. As shown in the figure, F 1 is the horizontal pressure gradient force. Question (2), as shown in the figure, the wind direction in this place is to the left relative to the horizontal pressure gradient force, which should be the pressure distribution map in the southern hemisphere. Question (3), the wind direction forms an angle with the isobar. Problem (4), horizontal pressure gradient force and friction force affect both wind direction and wind speed. Geostrophic deflection only affects the wind direction. On the isobar diagram, where isobars are dense, the horizontal pressure gradient force is large and the wind force is large. Question (5), first draw the horizontal pressure gradient force direction at this point, and then draw the wind direction with an included angle to the left.

Answer: (1)F 1

(2) In the south, influenced by geostrophic deflection, the wind direction turns left.

(3) skew

(4)f 1 and F3F2c isobars are dense, and the horizontal pressure gradient force is large.

(5) ellipsis.

22. Read the material and complete the following questions. (12)

Material 1 Beijing Morning Post 2065438+001October 7 reported that in the design and construction of new public buildings in the future, it is expected that property owners will be forced to implement supporting greening projects on roofs and walls and ask for green space from the air.

Material 2: The figure below shows the urban heat island effect.

(1) describes the distribution characteristics of the temperature curve in the diagram.

(2) According to the graphic data and the principle of "thermal cycle", draw an arrow on the line segment in the figure to indicate the air flow direction.

(3) Based on the principle of atmospheric heating process, the significance of roof greening to alleviate urban heat island effect was analyzed.

(4) In order to reduce the impact of industrial pollution on the city, from the perspective of environmental protection, is it reasonable to plan to move the steel plant from A to B? Try to explain why.

According to the curve shape of the isotherm in the figure, the temperature in the center of the city is high, and then it decreases in waves to both sides. Problem (2), the temperature in the city center is high, the airflow rises, the temperature in the suburbs is low, and the airflow sinks. The cycle on the left is counterclockwise and the cycle on the right is clockwise. Question (3): According to the information of "mitigation", the cooling effect of roof greening is mainly analyzed from three aspects: slow warming of green space, carbon dioxide absorption and transpiration. Question (4): If we move to a second place, pollutants from steel mills will still enter the city, causing pollution, so it is unreasonable.

Answer: (1) It decreases in waves from the city center to the suburbs; The temperature is higher in places with low vegetation coverage and lower in places with high vegetation coverage.

(2) Omission

(3) With the same amount of solar radiation, the temperature of green land covered by vegetation is slower than that of cement surface, and the ground radiation is weaker, and the atmosphere absorbs less heat and the temperature is lower; Green space absorbs carbon dioxide, but the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, the ground radiation absorbed by the atmosphere weakens and the temperature decreases; The evaporation of soil moisture and transpiration of plants absorb the surrounding heat and also play a role in cooling down.

(4) Unreasonable. The second place is located in the circulation of urban heat island, and pollutants are easy to flow back to the city center from the suburbs with the urban wind, which can not achieve the purpose of reducing urban pollution.

Remember the methods, skills and graphic methods of the formation of "urban heat island"

23.(20 13? The following figure shows the air pressure distribution in eastern China at 20: 00 on March 13. Look at the picture and answer the questions. (12)

The materials are warm and cold at first, and the cold and warm air alternates frequently in Fuzhou in spring, and the temperature fluctuates obviously. Records of weather conditions in Fuzhou in mid-March:

12 days: sunny to cloudy 1 1 ~ 25℃ 13 days: cloudy to cloudy with showers and strong winds 12 ~ 28℃

14 days: cloudy to cloudy 8 ~ 12℃

15 days: cloudy to sunny 9 ~ 18℃

(1) The high pressure center in the diagram is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the nature of this air mass is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) The front B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(3) The weather change process of B front.

Before, during and after transit.

Temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Sunny precipitation (no precipitation) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The air pressure is low _ _ _ _ high.

By solving the problem (1), it is concluded that the air pressure in center A is high, and the air mass comes from the north and is cold in nature. Question (2): According to the shape of B's front, it is judged that B is a cold front, and the moving time of 20 hours is calculated according to the distance and speed, and then the arrival time of Fuzhou is calculated. Cold front is easy to bring cold wave disaster. Question (3): After the cold front passes, the temperature drops and the air pressure rises.

Answer: (1) A cool (dry)

(2) Cold March 13 in 16.

(3)

Before, during and after transit.

The temperature rises and falls.

Rain (precipitation) sunny day (no precipitation)

Air pressure rises (windy)

24.(20 13? The picture below shows the Asian winter and summer monsoon. Look at the picture and complete the following questions. (12)

(1) _ _ _ _ _ _ (A and B) Diagram shows the summer in Asia.

(2) Look at the picture and complete the table below.

Jiayi

The air pressure in Eurasia is very high, and the air pressure in the Pacific Ocean is _ _ _ _.

A. The wind direction is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ southeast wind.

(3) Analyze the main reasons for the formation of East Asian monsoon circulation.

(4) In the season shown in Figure A, the correct description of geographical phenomena in Hunan Province is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A. At noon, the altitude angle of the sun reaches the median value of one year.

B: The days are long and the nights are short.

C. Xiangjiang River is in the dry season.

D. Rice is in the harvest period.

Analysis of the problem (1) shows that the East Asian wind blows from the ocean to the land in summer, which should be the second picture. Question (2), Eurasia is a high pressure, and the wind blows from the land to the ocean, which is a northwest wind; Low temperature in the ocean means high pressure. Question (3): East Asian monsoon is caused by the difference of thermal properties between land and ocean. Question (4): The season shown in Figure A is winter in the northern hemisphere, and Xiangjiang River is dry season.

Answer: (1) B.

(2)

Jiayi

The air pressure in Eurasia is high, and so is the air pressure in the Pacific Ocean.

A wind is northwest, northeast and southeast.

(3) The difference of thermal properties between land and sea. (4)C

25. Read the climate type map and the wind direction distribution pattern map to answer the questions. (12)

Climate type map

(1)M-graph is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ graph in _ _ _ _ _

(2) The corresponding positions of four climate types A, B, C and D in the M diagram are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(3) Except Antarctica, the climate types of other continents are _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) controlled by the west wind all the year round, it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(5) Both C and D are 30 N ~ 40 N continents, but the climate is quite different, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

__ ______ ______________。

Analysis of this topic is a comprehensive topic involving a wide range. The key to the answer is to be familiar with the distribution law of climate types. The problem (1) is determined to be the northern hemisphere according to the latitude value increasing from south to north, according to

30 ~ 40 degrees on the west coast of the mainland is defined as the Mediterranean climate, and 30 ~ 40 degrees on the west coast is defined as winter. It can also be defined as winter according to the monsoon climate on the east coast of the mainland and the winter wind blowing from land to sea in winter. Question (2), we can think of the climate types of A, B, C, D, E and F according to the distribution of climate types, and then infer the positions of A, B, C and D in the M diagram according to the characteristics of various climates. Question (3), if you are familiar with the distribution of climate types, it is easier to get the answer through reasoning. Question (4), it is necessary to master the distribution law of temperate maritime climate. Question (5), the climate is different because C is alternately controlled by pressure zone and wind zone, while D is affected by the difference of thermal properties between land and sea, and the influencing factors are different.

Answer: (1) North East (2)C A B D

(3) A (4) B

(5)C is located on the west coast of the mainland, controlled alternately by pressure belts and wind belts, forming a Mediterranean climate, and D is located on the east coast of the mainland, forming a subtropical monsoon climate due to the difference in thermal properties between land and sea.