Why does the greenhouse effect make the weather so hot

greenhouse effect (Spanish Efecto Invernadero) refers to the thermal insulation effect formed by the lack of heat exchange with the outside world in a closed space that transmits sunlight, that is, the short-wave radiation of the sun can penetrate into the ground through the atmosphere, while the long-wave radiation released after the ground warms is absorbed by substances such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thus producing the effect of atmospheric warming. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is like a thick layer of glass, which makes the earth a big greenhouse. It is estimated that if there is no atmosphere, the average surface temperature will drop to -23℃, while the actual average surface temperature is 15℃, which means that the greenhouse effect will increase the surface temperature by 38℃. Greenhouse effect, also known as "greenhouse effect", is a common name for atmospheric heat preservation effect. The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere prevents the loss of the earth's heat and causes the earth to feel the temperature rise. This is the famous "greenhouse effect". Destroy the normal relationship between the atmosphere and the ground, absorb the infrared radiation released by the earth, just like a "greenhouse", and the gas that raises the temperature of the earth is called a "greenhouse gas". Carbon dioxide is the largest greenhouse gas, accounting for about .3% of the total capacity of the atmosphere. Many other trace gases will also produce greenhouse effects, some of which are stronger than carbon dioxide. The atmosphere can make the short-wave radiation of the sun reach the ground, but the long-wave radiation emitted from the ground is absorbed by the atmosphere, which increases the temperature of the ground and the lower atmosphere. Because its function is similar to the greenhouse for cultivating crops, it is named the greenhouse effect. If this effect does not exist in the atmosphere, the surface temperature will drop by about 33C or more. On the other hand, if the greenhouse effect continues to strengthen, the global temperature will also continue to rise year by year. Since the industrial revolution, the greenhouse gases with strong heat absorption, such as carbon dioxide, discharged into the atmosphere by human beings have increased year by year, and the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere has also been enhanced, which has caused a series of serious problems such as global warming and attracted the attention of countries all over the world. In addition to carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor and other gases that play an important role in the greenhouse effect. With the rapid increase of population and the rapid development of industry, the carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere has increased accordingly; Because of the massive deforestation, the carbon dioxide that should be absorbed by the forest in the atmosphere has not been absorbed, and the greenhouse effect has been continuously enhanced because of the gradual increase of carbon dioxide. According to analysis, in the past two hundred years, the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased by 25% and the average temperature of the earth has increased by .5℃. It is estimated that by the middle of the next century, the average temperature of the earth's surface will rise by 1.5-4.5℃, and the temperature will rise even more in the middle and high latitudes. The air contains carbon dioxide, and the content has remained basically constant for a long time in the past. This is because the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is always in a dynamic equilibrium state of "growing while consuming". 8% of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere comes from the breathing of people, animals and plants, and 2% comes from the burning of fuel. 75% of carbon dioxide scattered in the atmosphere is absorbed and dissolved in water by ground water and airborne precipitation such as oceans, lakes and rivers. Another 5% of carbon dioxide is converted into organic matter through plant photosynthesis and stored. This is the reason why carbon dioxide accounts for .3% (volume fraction) of air composition for many years. However, in recent decades, due to the rapid increase of population and the rapid development of industry, the carbon dioxide produced by breathing and the carbon dioxide produced by burning coal, oil and natural gas have far exceeded the past level. On the other hand, due to deforestation, a large number of farmland has been built into cities and factories, which has destroyed vegetation and reduced the conditions for converting carbon dioxide into organic matter. In addition, the surface water area is gradually shrinking, the precipitation is greatly reduced, the conditions for absorbing and dissolving carbon dioxide are reduced, and the dynamic balance of carbon dioxide generation and transformation is destroyed, so that the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere is increased year by year. The increase of carbon dioxide content in the air has changed the temperature of the earth. However, some optimistic scientists claim that the carbon dioxide emitted by human activities is far less than that released by geological activities such as volcanoes. They believe that the earth has been active recently, such as the successive explosions of Krakatoa volcano and San hellens volcano. The earth is releasing carbon dioxide from its belly. So the greenhouse effect is not entirely human's fault. This view has some truth, but it can't explain the straight-line rise of carbon dioxide content after the industrial revolution. Is it all from volcanoes? In the air, nitrogen and oxygen account for the highest proportion, and they can both transmit visible light and infrared radiation. But carbon dioxide can't. It can't penetrate infrared radiation. Therefore, carbon dioxide can prevent surface heat from radiating into space and has the function of regulating the temperature of the earth. If there were no carbon dioxide, the average annual temperature of the earth would be 2℃ lower than at present. However, if the carbon dioxide content is too high, it will make the earth seem to be in a pot, and the temperature will gradually rise, which will form a "greenhouse effect". There are other gases besides carbon dioxide that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Among them, carbon dioxide accounts for about 75%, chlorofluoroalkane accounts for about 15% ~ 2%, and there are more than 3 kinds of methane and nitric oxide. If the carbon dioxide content is doubled, the global temperature will rise by 3℃ ~ 5℃, and the polar regions may rise by 1℃, and the climate will be obviously warmer. Rising temperature will lead to increased rainfall in some areas, drought in some areas, increased hurricane strength, increased frequency and intensified natural disasters. What is even more worrying is that due to the rising temperature, the glaciers in the polar regions will melt and the sea level will rise, and many coastal cities, islands or low-lying areas will face the threat of rising seawater, or even be swallowed up by seawater. In the late 196s, there was a drought in sub-Saharan pastoral areas in Africa that lasted for six years. Due to the lack of food and pasture, livestock were slaughtered and more than 1.5 million people died of hunger. This is a typical example of the "greenhouse effect" bringing disasters to mankind. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively control the increase of carbon dioxide content, control population growth, use fuel scientifically, strengthen afforestation, green the earth, and prevent the global catastrophe caused by the greenhouse effect. Scientists predict that for every doubling of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in the future, the global average temperature will rise by 1.5 ~ 4.5℃, and the temperature increase in polar regions will be about three times higher than the average. Therefore, the rising temperature will inevitably melt the polar ice layer and cause the sea level to rise. The impact of sea level rise on human society is very serious. If the sea level rises by 1 m, the directly affected land is about 5×16 km2, with a population of about 1 billion, and the cultivated land accounts for about 1/3 of the total cultivated land in the world. If extreme storm surge and salt water intrusion are taken into account, coastal areas below 5 m above sea level will be affected, and the population and grain output of these areas account for about half of the world. Some coastal cities may move inland, and most coastal plains will be salinized or swamped, which is not suitable for food production. At the same time, it will also cause disasters to the middle and lower reaches of rivers. When seawater invades, it will cause the water level of the river to rise, the sediment deposition will accelerate, the threat of flood will intensify, and the environment in the lower reaches of the river will deteriorate sharply. The greenhouse effect and global warming have attracted worldwide attention. At present, the international convention on climate change is being promoted, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions has become the general trend. Scientists predict that if I start cutting trees in moderation now, global warming will decrease by 5% by 25. Characteristics The greenhouse has two characteristics: the temperature is higher than that outside, and it does not dissipate heat. The glass greenhouse and vegetable greenhouse that we can see in life are typical greenhouses. Using glass or transparent plastic film as a greenhouse allows sunlight to directly irradiate into the greenhouse and heat the indoor air, while glass or transparent plastic film can prevent the indoor hot air from emitting outward, so as to keep the indoor temperature higher than the outside world and provide conditions conducive to the rapid growth of plants.