What are the top ten scientific and technological inventions in the 20th century?
One of the most important inventions of the twentieth century was the birth of the airplane.
The Wright brothers in the United States have made great contributions to the history of aircraft development in the world. The Wright brothers conducted more than 1000 gliding test flights, and finally 1903 built the first manned aircraft "Flyer" 1, and the test flight was successful. Therefore, they won the honorary award of 1909 from the US Congress. In the same year, they established Wright Aircraft Company. This is a great success in the history of aircraft development.
2. penicillin
Penicillin is an antibiotic, which is extracted from Penicillium culture solution and is the first antibiotic that can treat human diseases.
The discoverer of penicillin was British bacteriologist Fleming. 1928 One day, Fleming studied staphylococci which caused human fever in his laboratory. As the lid was not properly covered, he found that there was a layer of Penicillium attached to the agar used to cultivate bacteria. To Fleming's surprise, Staphylococcus suddenly disappeared near Penicillium.
This accidental discovery deeply attracted him, and he successfully cultivated this mold many times, which proved that penicillin could kill all staphylococci in a few hours. Fleming invented penicillin, the bane of staphylococcus.
Step 3: TV set
The birth of television is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. In modern society, life without TV is unimaginable. Black-and-white and color TVs of various models and functions have continuously flowed into factories, schools, hospitals and families all over the world from one assembly line, which is miraculously changing people's lives rapidly. All kinds of TV bring people into a colorful and wonderful world.
4. Atomic bomb
1945 In August, the Dora box that destroyed the earth was opened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. At that time, international powers were bent on overwhelming each other with this powerful and deadly destructive weapon. The United States successfully conducted its first test explosion in New Mexico in July, 1945, followed by the Soviet Union, 1949, Britain 1952, France 1960 and China 1964.
5. Electronic computers
1946 The computer came out, and the third revolution started with computers completely changed people's work and thinking mode. In the late 1970s, computer manufacturers began to develop smaller personal computers, and in the early 1980s, popular computer consumer products appeared on the market. Personal computers have accelerated the pace of social digitalization, and almost every level of society is completely infected by computers. No one can refuse computers to enter people's lives.
6. Satellite
1957 10 10 On 4 October, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial earth satellite in human history to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution, marking the beginning of the space age. 1961April 2, Soviet astronaut Gagarin went into space in a spaceship and became the first person to go into space. 1969 On July 20th, two American astronauts landed on the moon in a spaceship.
Satellites can transmit TV and radio program signals, and also provide services for aviation, Hainan Airlines, weather forecast and scientific and technological information, thus greatly "shrinking" the earth.
7, contraceptives:
1954, American doctor gregory pincus invented the contraceptive pill, which is a mixture of two hormones that inhibit ovulation in women.
Contraceptive pill is listed as one of the greatest scientific achievements in the 20th century because it liberates women from passive childbearing. From then on, women can control their own fertility, decide whether to have children according to their own wishes, and decide when to get pregnant according to their own situation.
8. Laser technology
1960, Mayman successfully developed the world's first practical ruby laser. It marks the birth of laser technology.
In recent years, the development speed of laser technology is amazing, and its application scope is constantly expanding, such as laser preservation, laser breeding, laser medical treatment, laser beauty, etc., which has become a hot field for scientific and technological personnel to study. ?
9. Plastic
Starting from 1909, Baekeland, an American, invented the manufacturing method of phenolic plastics.
For hundreds of years, everything from the handle to billiards has been made of ivory. Until 1907, the Belgian inventor Leo Baekeland, who had made huge profits by inventing photographic paper for taking fast-moving photos, accidentally invented the compound of phenol and formaldehyde.
This first pure synthetic plastic, phenolic plastic, has the functions of heat protection, electricity protection and corrosion protection. Not only is it good for billiards, but one of the great benefits of plastic is its versatility. Everything from telephones to toilets, ashtrays to airplane parts is made of plastic.
10, nylon
From 65438 to 0928, carothers, an American organic chemist, was employed to do organic chemistry research in DuPont's laboratory in Wilmington. In 1935, adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine were used as raw materials to prepare polymer. Because both components contained six carbon atoms, it was called polymer 66 at that time. He melted the polymer, extruded it with a needle and stretched it under tension, which is called fiber.
This kind of fiber, polyamide 66 fiber, 1939 was named nylon after industrialization, and it was the earliest industrialized synthetic fiber variety.
The synthesis of nylon laid the foundation of synthetic fiber industry, and the appearance of nylon made textiles look brand-new Nylon stockings woven from this fiber is transparent and more durable than silk stockings. From the outbreak of World War II to 1945, the nylon industry turned to military products such as parachutes, aircraft tire curtains and military uniforms.