China Naming Network - Eight-character query< - Write a scientific and technological survey paper on the topic of common natural disasters in your hometown (Hebei)

Write a scientific and technological survey paper on the topic of common natural disasters in your hometown (Hebei)

Faced with the current rare drought, how should we respond?

On related issues, the reporter interviewed Guo Jinkao, a wheat expert and president of the Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. They reminded that at present, wheat in our province is still in the overwintering period, and drought resistance must be scientific and effective based on the seedling conditions and climate characteristics.

It is advisable to water in the afternoon on sunny days, and flood irrigation should be avoided

"Faced with wheat fields that are in urgent need of irrigation due to drought, we must pay attention to science when watering." Guo Jinkao reminded

He reminded that for wheat areas where the soil has not yet been tightly frozen, they should pay attention to cold and frost protection while fighting drought. Scientific irrigation should be based on weather conditions, and small water should be used for fine irrigation in sunny and warm afternoons. Sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in areas with conditions. Flooding.

According to reports, the growth of winter wheat in our province is still in the overwintering period, the root system is fragile, and flood irrigation can easily cause frost damage. He explained that in wheat fields with special drought conditions and a dry soil layer of more than 10 centimeters, while watering life-saving water in a timely manner, attention should be paid to watering in the afternoon on sunny days. "This can ensure that the water seeps out as much as possible on the same day to prevent freezing damage."

It is particularly important to note that although the temperature in our province has risen in recent days, it must be done "before the cold air comes, especially Stop irrigation in time when the temperature drops below zero degrees Celsius to prevent water from freezing on the surface and preventing it from penetrating into the soil, causing the wheat seedlings to suffocate or suffer frost damage."

Hoe in time to increase warmth and moisture in the afternoon on sunny days

For wheat fields that have been watered, does it mean that you can sit back and relax? Guo Jinkao reminded that these wheat fields should be hoed and demarcated in time to protect the moisture and prevent the soil from hardening and cracking, so as to avoid air leakage and moisture loss. "Be sure to choose the right time during the hoeing process, preferably in the afternoon on a sunny day, so that the effect of filling soil cracks, increasing temperature and preserving moisture is good." Guo Jinkao said.

The reporter interviewed Li Chengkun, a villager in Liyang Village, Pingxiang County, over the phone. He said that his wheat was poured with freezing water in late November last year. "Now there are many cracks in the ground, and the wheat seedlings have obviously begun to dry out." What should we do if the wheat seedlings are young and the wheat ridges sown by machines are too narrow to hoe? "For this problem, relevant experts suggest that other suitable agricultural tools such as small rake can be used for hoeing. If it is really difficult to hoe? For designated plots, sprayers and other equipment can be used to humidify the wheat in the afternoon. "According to the agricultural season arrangement in the central and southern parts of our province, it is not yet time to hoe the wheat fields, but the drought is serious this year, so act in advance to be prepared," experts suggested.

Wheat fields with severe frost damage can be covered with straw to preserve moisture and prevent freezing

"My family has two wheat fields that are dry land, what should I do if there is no water to water them?"

Questions raised by farmers Regarding this issue, Guo Jinkao suggested: “Wheat fields that have no frozen water, poor land preparation quality, serious moisture shortage, and severe frost damage can be covered with straw or straw manure. This can maintain heat and moisture and prevent drought and frost damage from worsening. These are all As an expedient, the final solution to the drought will be to water the wheat as soon as possible after it turns green."

For wheat fields that are not properly rotary tilled, have no irrigation conditions, or have cold weather that is not suitable for irrigation, Guo Jinkao suggested that it can be done. Measures such as suppressing, spreading farmyard manure, and using straw mulching were adopted to conserve moisture, resist drought, and prevent freezing.

After investigation, the most serious drought situation at present is in wheat fields with poor sowing quality, thin sand and leakage, and no freezing water irrigation. The soil moisture loss is serious, and the dry soil layer reaches 10 cm, which is a serious drought. The green leaf area of the plant is about 50%, and only 20% in some plots.

"From what we know, wheat fields in general are currently growing normally and there is no severe frost damage or drought, but we should continue to pay attention." Guo Jinkao said;

There are no landslides or ground cracks. There were stormy seas and no raging fire, but this silent natural disaster had been raging for more than four months! Wherever the drought demon goes, seedlings die, the land cracks, and people and animals become thirsty. The disaster has affected nearly 43% of the country's wheat-producing areas, leaving 3.7 million people and 1.85 million large livestock in need of drinking water.

Doing a good job in drought relief in winter wheat areas is of great significance to ensuring summer grain production, promoting stable agricultural development and sustained increase in farmers' income, actively responding to the international financial crisis, and maintaining stable and rapid economic development in my country.

Since October 23, 2008, there has been little rain or snow in central and southern North China and northern Huanghuai. The three cities with the most prominent lack of rain and snow, Taiyuan, Beijing, and Shijiazhuang, have accumulated less than 1 mm of precipitation, respectively. It set a historical record for the lowest rainfall in the three cities during the same period.

Since November 2008, the precipitation in Beijing has been only 0.1 mm (occurring on December 21), which is the second smallest amount in the same period in history since 1951. Taiyuan had a small amount of precipitation on November 12 and 24 last year and January 3 this year, and Shijiazhuang had a small amount of precipitation on November 24 and December 10 last year, both setting historical records for the same period.

Handan launched Level III drought emergency response

“Strengthen the maintenance of drought relief facilities and divert water from storage land.

”

Before the Spring Festival, the "Emergency Notice on Doing a Good Job in Drought Relief Work" issued by the Handan Municipal Government and the national and provincial notices on doing a good job in drought relief work forwarded by the Municipal Prevention Director made Longhu Township, Shexian County The villagers of Xiaojing Village and Fengluogou Village breathed a sigh of relief.

Because of these two notices, a drought relief working group composed of multiple departments went to these two villages with drinking water difficulties to investigate and guide drought relief work. A Level III drought emergency response was launched. On February 2, the Handan Flood Control and Drought Relief Office organized the Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Meteorological Bureau, and Hydrology Bureau to discuss the current drought situation and jointly discuss drought prevention countermeasures.

According to statistics from the Meteorological Department, Handan City has experienced significantly less precipitation since October last year, with the average monthly precipitation being only 10.9 mm, accounting for 19.3% of the average, which is the lowest for the same period in the past 50 years. At the same time, various water conservancy projects in the city have accumulated 1.26 mm of water. billion cubic meters (excluding Yuecheng Reservoir), 42.5% less than the average for the same period in previous years. So far, the city's crop area has reached more than 400,000 acres, of which 350,000 acres are severely drought-related in the western mountainous areas of Shexian County and Wu'an. In some villages, 32,835 people and 1,076 large livestock have difficulty drinking water.

In response to the current severe drought, Handan City has carried out comprehensive drought relief services.

Motorized wells are the main means of fighting drought and ensuring a good harvest. Facilities, there are currently 92,700 organic wells in Handan City, with a controlled area of 6.77 million acres. In order to maximize the benefits of machine-driven well irrigation, the water conservancy departments of various counties (cities and districts) are helping the masses inspect well pumps to strengthen drought-resistant facilities. Maintenance.

In order to seize water for storage, counties along the Wei River and Wei Canal in Handan City used existing water pumping stations to pump more water, even during the Spring Festival, to reserve water sources for drought relief. At present, 19 million cubic meters of water from the Wei River have been pumped out from the water pumping stations along the Wei River, and 120,000 acres of land have been irrigated.

Handan City has also adopted methods such as quantitative water delivery, emergency pipeline water supply, and financial subsidies to focus on transforming concentrated rural areas. The construction of water supply sources, water diversion and other drought-resistant water storage projects has solved the temporary drinking water difficulties for nearly 20,000 people and more than 1,000 large livestock in 51 villages.

Baoding Drought Relief Team went to the countryside to help farmers<. /p>

“I look at the wheat in the fields during the day and watch the weather forecast on the TV station at night. When will it snow or rain? ” 45-year-old Lao Yin, a villager in Nanhan Village, Mancheng County, had a worried face.

On February 4, the land presented to Lao Yin was so dry that if he touched it with one hand, he could pick up A lot of dry soil. The wheat seedlings in the field are turning yellow, and some have begun to wither. In normal years, the field should be green and full of vitality. "There was a lot of rain here last year, and there was something bad in the winter. I didn't bother to water it. I thought it would be fine if it snowed in winter. But I didn't expect..." Lao Yin squatted on the ground and patted his thighs.

What Lao Yin didn't expect was that there wouldn't be a single snowflake in one winter.

Reporter from Baoding Meteorological Department It is understood that since late October 2008, there has been no effective precipitation in various places, including Manchuria. Compared with the same period in history, 95% of the areas in Baoding have received nearly 90% less precipitation since the beginning of winter, about 80%. The rainfall in the region is the lowest in the past 50 years.

Now, in addition to watching the weather forecast, Lao Yin also has another hope - the county has organized a drought relief team to provide technical guidance and help in various villages. Farmers resist drought.

The reporter learned from the Baoding Water Conservancy Department that in recent years, Baoding has been insisting on "retaining water from the sky", "using surface water", "intercepting mountain water" and "slowly extracting groundwater". Last year, Mancheng County alone invested more than 4 million yuan to build 982 pools in 18 villages in 4 mountainous towns, repair 4 ponds and dams, and continue to prevent droughts. Water is irrigating farmers in mountainous areas. In plain areas, water storage dams and existing pits and trenches have also successively retained some water sources to improve water source conditions.

“The key to drought resistance lies in new agricultural technologies. technology. "A cadre from the Mancheng County Agricultural Bureau who went to the countryside said that in recent years, Mancheng County has vigorously promoted efficient water-saving comprehensive supporting technologies, accelerated the construction of water-saving irrigation projects, and built 1,500 acres of drip irrigation projects to improve agricultural water utilization. "I hope these technologies will be fully promoted throughout the county sooner. "The cadre said.

In addition, the reporter learned from the Baoding City Agriculture Department that at present, counties (cities, districts) are also organizing technical personnel to carry out inspections of seedling conditions, moisture conditions, and disease and insect pests in wheat fields. The "Three Checks" activity formulates technical opinions on spring field management and proposes targeted management measures for different types of wheat fields, focusing on drought resistance, scientific management of fertilizers and water, and prevention of pests, diseases, and weeds, and strengthens technical guidance to ensure various field management measures. Put it in place to reduce the impact of drought

Cangzhou launches long-distance water transfer emergency plan

The dry leaves of the wheat seedlings are brown. When you pull the surface with your hands, there is an inch of dry soil without moisture. Thick. "There has been a light snowfall since the beginning of winter this year, and the ground is severely dry. This is the case for wheat fields that have not been watered with freezing water. "On the afternoon of February 4, Wang Linqing, a villager in Dazidian Village, Fenghuadian Township, Cangxian County, told reporters.

In early winter last year, the Dazidian Village Committee coordinated with various parties to buy water from Yundong Sewage Treatment Plant and Canglang Canal. Cangxian Fumin Agricultural Technology Cooperative urged villagers to rush to grab water to fight the drought. This village Most of the wheat fields were lucky enough to be doused with freezing water. "Even if the wheat has been watered with freezing water, the seedling condition is worse than in previous years. If there is no rain or snow, the wheat tillers will be affected and the yield will decrease." Wang Linqing said, "The deep wells in the village can ensure drinking water for people and livestock. But it cannot meet the needs of irrigation, and the green water in spring depends on the small river next to the village.

Data provided by the Cangzhou Meteorological Bureau shows that since November 2008, the average precipitation in Cangzhou City has been only 0. 1.7 millimeters, while the historical average precipitation for the same period is 19.2 millimeters, which is 91% less. Especially since January this year, the city's average precipitation is only 0.1 millimeters, and most counties and cities have the lowest precipitation for the same period in more than 50 years.

The combination of less rain and snow and more windy weather resulted in severe winter drought in Cangzhou City. All 4.5 million acres of spring white land and 5.49 million acres of winter wheat in the city were affected by drought, of which 1.385 million acres of winter wheat reached severe drought levels.

The meteorological department predicts that there will be no obvious precipitation in Cangzhou in the near future and the temperature will rise significantly. Accordingly, the governments at all levels and relevant departments in Cangzhou City have launched emergency water supply plans such as long-distance water diversion and emergency water supply. water, deep wells, vehicle-mounted water delivery and other means to ensure urban and rural residents' living and livestock drinking water; limited time or limited supply of urban residents' domestic water supply, reduce or phase out agricultural irrigation water supply; non-productive high water consumption and service industry water use are strictly prohibited; The meteorological department seizes every favorable opportunity to carry out artificial rain (snow) operations

Xingtai's new water conservancy facilities come in handy

In villages along the Laozhang River in Julu County, Xingtai City. , villagers used newly built water pumping projects and water pipelines to irrigate their fields.

Since November last year, the average rainfall in our province has been only 1.7 millimeters, 90% less than normal. Most areas have received rainfall. This is the lowest level in the same period in half a century. In January this year, there was no effective rainfall in most areas of the province. 400,000 people in the province experienced seasonal drinking water difficulties. 15 million acres of winter wheat were affected by drought, and dead seedlings appeared in some areas.

Li Qinglin, director of the Provincial Department of Water Resources, said that since the beginning of winter last year, our province has built 110,000 small-scale drought relief projects, increased the irrigation area by 460,000 acres, and developed more than 1.2 million water-saving irrigation areas. In addition, in order to make full use of brackish water resources, our province has built more than 2,000 saltwater mixed irrigation units. At present, by utilizing the base flow of rivers, 360 million cubic meters of water have been diverted and stored in the counties and cities along the province, and 2.1 million areas have been irrigated. acres.

Daily summary of drought conditions in Langfang

Since the beginning of 2009, Langfang City’s agricultural department has closely monitored the winter wheat drought situation in the city. In order to ensure the normal growth of wheat, the city’s agriculture. The department took urgent action and organized technicians to conduct three inspections in the fields (checking seedling conditions, checking moisture conditions, and checking pests and diseases).

After the Spring Festival, all staff from relevant departments of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau went deep into the front lines of agricultural production to carry out inspections. A detailed drought survey was conducted. According to preliminary statistics, a total of 1.0231 million acres of wheat in the city were affected by drought, and some of them were severely affected by drought. In response to the increasingly serious drought, the municipal agricultural department invited some agricultural experts to hold discussions and formulated corresponding drought relief plans on this basis.

According to the responsible comrade of the Langfang Agricultural Bureau, they are currently closely monitoring the development of the drought and making daily reports. At the same time, agricultural technicians were sent to the front line to strengthen guidance, implement drought-resistant technical measures according to time, place and seedlings, fully mobilize the masses to tap all water sources, and do everything possible to reduce drought.

Zhangjiakou is actively preparing for artificial precipitation

Although it was a sunny day on February 4, the face of Xu Shihe, a villager in Wangjiazhai Village, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou City, was not sunny— ——Since November 2008, there have only been two snowfalls here, and one of them was so light that it didn’t even cover the ground. Lao Xu couldn’t help but worry about this year’s harvest. "The weather is dry." At the Zhangjiakou Meteorological Observatory, one kilometer away from Wangjiazhai, director Miao Zhicheng told reporters that since November 2008, the city has experienced unusually low rainfall, with city-wide precipitation and local precipitation being only 2 times, as of February 4, the city's average precipitation was only 4 mm, 61% less than the same period in normal years. "Without water vapor, it will be difficult to bloom and bear fruit!" Xu Shihe said while looking at a large peach orchard beside the village. This small mountain village on the outskirts of the city has barren land, so it relied on the imported "Okubo" peach trees to flourish. On the road to poverty alleviation, the peach orchard in the village has now grown to more than 3,000 acres. "I just hope for a drenching rain before spring sowing!" Compared with the anxiety of fruit farmers, reporters visited and found that more farmers planting crops are not in a hurry because their land is still sleeping under the ice. It is understood that spring sowing in Zhangjiakou City, which only grows crops for one season, will begin in April and May.

Miao Zhicheng said that the current drought has led to a dry climate. In addition to posing a threat to fire prevention work, it has not yet had a direct impact on the city's agricultural production. Because a large amount of land here is "white land" that does not grow crops in winter.

But if the drought continues and causes spring drought, it will affect agricultural production.

In the face of the current drought, Miao Zhicheng introduced that the municipal meteorological department will combine the experience of artificial weather modification accumulated in the past two years, timely capture the available rainfall clouds, and actively carry out artificial precipitation work to ensure Alleviate drought. The city's Flood Control and Drought Relief Office also stated that after the soil thaws in mid-March, the moisture content will be measured in time and proactive measures will be taken to deal with the drought.

Advice from agricultural experts - Scientific and targeted drought resistance

Service Station

How should we respond to the current rare drought?

It is advisable to water in the afternoon on sunny days, and flood irrigation should be avoided

"Faced with wheat fields that are in urgent need of irrigation due to drought, we must pay attention to science when watering." Guo Jinkao reminded.

He reminded that for wheat areas where the soil has not yet been tightly frozen, they should pay attention to cold and frost protection while resisting drought. Scientific irrigation should be based on weather conditions, and small water should be used for fine irrigation in sunny and warm afternoons. Areas with conditions should carry out irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation, avoid flood irrigation.

Hoe in time to increase warmth and moisture in the afternoon on sunny days

For wheat fields that have been watered, does it mean that you can sit back and relax? Guo Jinkao reminded that these wheat fields should be hoed and marked in time to protect moisture and prevent soil from hardening and cracking to avoid air leakage and moisture loss. "Be sure to choose the right time during the hoeing process, preferably in the afternoon on a sunny day, so that the effect of filling soil cracks, increasing temperature and preserving moisture is good." Guo Jinkao said.

Wheat fields with severe frost damage can be covered with straw to preserve moisture and prevent freezing

"My family has two wheat fields that are dry land, what should I do if there is no water to water them?"

Questions raised by farmers Regarding this issue, Guo Jinkao suggested: "Wheat fields that have no frozen water, poor land preparation quality, serious moisture shortage, and severe frost damage can be covered with straw or straw manure. This can maintain heat and moisture and prevent drought and frost damage from worsening. These are all As an expedient, the final solution to the drought will be to water the wheat as soon as possible after it turns green."

After investigation, the most serious drought situation at present is in wheat fields with poor sowing quality, thin sand and leakage, and no freezing water irrigation. The soil moisture loss is serious, and the dry soil layer reaches 10 centimeters, which is a serious drought. The green leaf area of the plant is about 50%, and only 20% in some plots.

"From what we know, wheat fields are currently growing normally

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