What is Battle of Red Cliffs?
History is called the Battle of Guandu. As a result, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with less. In order to compete for the control of the Central Plains, it is inevitable that Cao Cao and Yuan Shao will fight.
Yuan Shao has hundreds of thousands of troops, the rear is consolidated and there are plenty of soldiers. However, Cao Cao's army against Yuan Shao was only120,000, and the land occupied by Cao Cao was constantly in war, and the material supply was far from sufficient. Cao Cao is quite talented in the military. In this battle, he first beheaded the general Yan Liang with a diversion and lifted the siege of the white horse. He lured the enemy further and defeated him in the battle of Ganyanjin to avenge Yuan. After the victory of the first battle, Cao Cao took the initiative to retreat, retreat to Guandu, stay in a deep ditch and high base, and wait for fighters, thus blocking Yuan Shao's 65,438+10,000-strong army for half a year. Xu You, Yuan Shao's counselor, defected to Cao Cao, telling the story of Yuan Shao's recent hoarding of more than 10,000 wagons and grain in Wu Chao (now southeast of Henan Province), and suggesting that Cao Cao take a surprise attack on Ukraine. Cao Cao kept his word, defeated Chunyu Qiong, who was guarding the Bird's Nest, and burned more than 10,000 cars with his own grain. Burning the black nest decided the outcome of the battle of Guandu.
Battle of Red Cliffs: It happened in Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, which was the key to the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao gradually eliminated some military separatist forces and basically unified the north. At this time, Cao Cao launched Battle of Red Cliffs, in order to overcome Sun Quan's influence in Jiangdong and Liu Bei's attachment to Jingzhou and unify the whole country. Liu Bei adopted Zhuge Liang's suggestion and United Sun Quan of Jiangdong. Sun Liulian defeated Cao Jun with fire. This battle has brought about new changes in the balance of power among Cao, Liu and Sun. The main reasons for the failure of Cao Cao and Battle of Red Cliffs can be analyzed from three aspects; First of all, Cao Jun came from the north and didn't learn to fight in the water. Second, Cao Cao's complacency; Third, the correct tactics of Sun Liu's allied forces. The most fundamental thing is that the objective conditions for unification are not yet mature. After Cao Cao unified the north, the social economy of the north did not recover and develop; Liu Bei has not consolidated his territory, and Sun Quan's Jiangdong has just been developed. Whether it is a unified economic foundation or a condition of strength comparison that can complete unification, it is still immature. This is the most fundamental point.
The formation of the three kingdoms: after Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao was forced to retreat to the north and rebuild his strength; Sun Quan's influence in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was consolidated, and Liu Bei got most of the two lakes and later Sichuan. In this way, the forces of the three warlords are evenly matched, but neither side has the conditions to unify the whole country. Cao Cao's son, Cao Pi, was in Luoyang, abolishing the Han emperor and calling himself the emperor. Liu Bei and Sun Quan also proclaimed themselves kings. The tripartite confrontation between the three countries has taken shape.
The tripartite confrontation between the three countries is the result of the melee between warlords since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is also a transitional stage from separatist regime to gradual reunification. In order to defeat each other, the three coexisting regimes adopted a series of measures to restore and develop production. This has prepared material conditions for future reunification.