What does China's traditional culture contain?
Benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, loyalty, filial piety, sadness, restraint, forgiveness, courage and tolerance; Chyi Chin's calligraphy and painting, three religions and nine streams, 360 lines, four great inventions, folk taboos, loyal service to the country, bamboo, folk songs, loess, Yangtze River, Yellow River and red moon. Zodiac: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig. Farmhouse, peasant uprising, hoe; Gzero, court culture, imperial studies.
2. A hundred schools of thought contend
1. Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; Thought: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Four books: The Doctrine of the Mean, University, Mencius and The Analects of Confucius)
2. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi; Thought: morality, inaction, freedom)
3. Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, thought: universal love, non-attack, virtue, frugality)
4. Legalists (Han Fei, Li Si, Han Feizi thought: centralized monarchy, rule of law in the country)
5. Famous artists (Deng, Hui Shi, Gong Sun)
6. Yin and Yang Family (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jinmushui, Fire and Earth)
7. Strategists (Gui Guzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Warring States Policy)
8. Sage (Lv Buwei's Lv Chunqiu)
9. Novelists (Wu Cheng'en The Journey to the West, Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions) Shi Naian (Water Margin)
10. Military strategist (Sun Bin's Sun Bin's Art of War) Sun Wu's conception of Sun Tzu's Art of War: Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle, which comes from this book. Emphasize that you must be prepared before fighting)
1 1. Physician (Bian Que, Chun Yuyi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Bing Wang, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue)
3. Piano, chess, calligraphy and painting
Flute, erhu, guzheng, flute, drum, guqin and pipa. Jasmine, Top Ten Famous Songs (Liushan, Guangling San, Pingsha Goose, Meihua Sanxiang, House of Flying Ambush, Red Flute and Drum at Sunset, Hujia Eighteen Beats, Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Chun Xue and Fisherman's Questions and Answers); China chess, China Go, chess, chess pieces, chessboard; China calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (pen, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, Han bamboo slips, vertical binding books; Chinese painting, landscape painting, freehand brushwork; Dunhuang murals; Eight horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi).
4. Traditional literature
Mainly refers to poetry and music.
The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Thirty-six Strategies, Pre-Qin Poetry, Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, Ming Novel, Four Classical Novels (A Dream of the Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin), Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
5. Traditional festivals
There are various traditional festivals in China, and many things have various customs and habits. There are nearly 50 traditional festivals in Han nationality. The following are 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Flower Festival (Flower God Festival), Shangsi Festival (Daughter's Day), Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Zhongyuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Kitchen God Festival (off-year). Every place also has local and ethnic characteristics.
6. China's poetry
Ancient poems, metrical poems, quatrains, modern poems, untitled poems, self-directed songs (words), traditional poems, etc. (can be classified as traditional literature)
7. China's plays
Chaozhou Opera, Kunqu Opera, xiang opera, Beijing Opera, Henan Opera, Errenzhuan, Hebei Bangzi, Shadow Play, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese Opera, Ancient Painting Opera, Baling Opera, Puppet Play, Beijing Opera and Facebook.
8. China architecture
Great Wall, archway, gardens, temples, clocks, towers, temples, pavilions, wells, stone lions, dwellings, Qin bricks and tiles, terracotta warriors and horses, and the Forbidden City. ...
9. Chinese characters in Chinese
Chinese characters, couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, idioms, shots, wine orders, etc.
10, TCM
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangdi Neijing, Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classics, Pulse Classics, Compendium of Materia Medica, Qianjinfang, Shennong Materia Medica Classics, Treatise on Febrile Diseases.
1 1, religious philosophy
Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Compass, Gossip, Sina, Magic Weapon, Fortune-telling, Zen, Buddha, Guanyin, Taishang Laojun; Burn incense, worship Buddha and light candles.
12, folk arts and crafts
Chaozhou embroidery, paper-cutting, kite, Chinese embroidery, etc. ), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dragon and phoenix patterns (gluttonous patterns, ruyi patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes and ba patterns), auspicious clouds patterns, Chengcheng, Melaleuca, eaves and vultures.
13, China Wushu
Tai Ji Chuan, Wing Chun Quan, Nanquan Beitui, Shaolin, Wudang, Emei, Kongtong, Kunlun, Diancang Mountain, Huashan Mountain, Qingcheng Mountain and Songshan Mountain.
14, regional culture
Chaoshan culture, Middle-earth culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs, Mongolian grassland, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Northwest China, Guilin landscape, Tianya Haijiao, Zhongyuan and Baling culture. ...
15, folk custom
Etiquette, marriage (matchmaker, elder), funeral (mourning, paper money), sacrifice (ancestor); Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, glutinous rice balls, jiaozi.
16, clothes and clothing
Starting from the Yellow Emperor and preparing for Yaoshun, there are different ancient costumes, modern Hanfu, Chinese tunic suit, Tang suit, cheongsam influenced by other nationalities, costumes of various ethnic minorities, various traditional and modern accessories, shoes and hats.
17, four elegant operas
Flowers, birds, fish and insects, plum, bamboo, chrysanthemum, peony, plum blossom, osmanthus, lotus, birdcage, goldfish, cricket.
18, animals and plants
Dragon, phoenix, wolf, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle, giant panda ...; Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. Pine and cypress
19, antique utensils
Jade (Yu Pei, jade carving ...) gold and silver wares, porcelain, mahogany furniture, cloisonne, China lacquerware, painted pottery, purple sand wares, batiks, ancient weapons (armor, broadsword, sword, etc. ), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc. ), Ding, Jin Yuanbao, Ruyi, Candlestick, Red Lantern (Palace Lantern, Yarn Lantern), etc.
20. Eating and cooking
Seven things to do when going out: rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea; Tea ceremony; Wine culture, Chinese food, eight cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Huizhou), jiaozi, glutinous rice balls, reunion dinner, New Year's Eve dinner, rice cakes, Mid-Autumn moon cakes and chopsticks; Shark fin and bear's paw ...
2 1, legends and myths
Pangu Creation, Goddess Mending Heaven, Houyi Shooting the Sun, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Kuafu Day by Day, Jingwei Reclamation, Seven Fairys and Yong Dong, Qinglong White Tiger and Suzaku Xuanwu. ...
22.ghosts and monsters
Immortals, monsters, ghosts, Jade Emperor, Yan Luowang, Black and White Impermanence, Meng Po, Naihe Bridge. ...
23. Traditional music
It refers to the music created by the people of China with their own inherent methods and forms, including both ancient works produced in history and handed down to this day, as well as contemporary works. It can be seen that traditional music includes "national music" but not "new music", but they are all "China music".
Traditional music is an extremely important part of China national music. The difference between traditional music and new music lies not in the order of music creation, but in its form and style. For example, Erhu solo "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" and "Fishing Boat Singing Night" are modern music works, but their playing forms are inherent in the Chinese nation, so they are also traditional music. On the contrary, the school song and piano solo "Shepherd Boy Piccolo" are not traditional music because they borrow the musical morphological characteristics of western music.
The division of traditional music was first seen in the Introduction to National Music compiled by China Conservatory of Music, which can be divided into five categories: songs, song and dance music, rap music, opera and instrumental music. However, most colleges and universities incorporate song and dance music into folk songs in their teaching, so it becomes four categories: folk songs, national instrumental music, folk art (that is, "rap") music and opera music.
Actually, "national music", "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "national music" includes traditional music and new music; And "folk music" is just a category of traditional music. Moreover, China's national music is very rich, including court music, religious music and literati music in addition to folk music.
Mr. Du divided China traditional music into: folk music, literati music, religious music and court music; Among them, folk music includes folk songs, national instrumental music, national songs and dances, opera music and rap music; Literati music includes guqin music, poetry chanting and literati self-tuning; Religious music includes Buddhist music, Taoist music, Christian music, Islamic music, Shamanism and other religious music; Palace music includes sacrificial music, ritual music, welcoming music and banquet music.
"China Traditional Drama"
"Four Major Tunes" of China Traditional Opera
Four-tone cavity, brilliant, has an influence on traditional Chinese opera;
Kunshan dialect has undergone artistic improvement and creation.
Yiyang dialect, with strong sense of rhythm, white rolling and high pitch;
Bangzi, with a loud and bitter voice, is skillfully used.
Pi Huangqiang, two in one, called Huang Er, and Xipi;
Xipigang was suppressed by Huang Er and later developed into Peking Opera.
Typical vocal cavities are Kunshan cavity, Yiyang cavity, Bangzi cavity and Pi Huangqiang cavity.
24, China couplets
Couplets, also known as couplets or couplets, are antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. They are concise, profound, neat and even, and are a unique artistic form of Chinese language. According to legend, couplets originated from Meng Changjun, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.
Couplets originated in the Qin Dynasty and were called Fu Tao in ancient times. With regard to the earliest couplets in China, Mr. Tan Chan-xue wrote in the fourth issue of Knowledge of Literature and History 199 1 that the earliest couplets in China appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
The time span is from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In China's ancient poems, some neat antitheses appeared very early. Several ancient ballads that have been handed down to this day have already seen their origins. Such as "digging wells to drink water, ploughing fields to eat", "doing at sunrise and resting at sunset" and so on. In the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, antithetical sentences became more common. There have been some neat sentences in the hexagrams of the Book of Changes, such as: "Those who can see can be lame." ("Lu" hexagram "63"), "Go to heaven first, then go to the ground." (Ming Yi's "Shangliu" hexagram) The neat sentences in Yi Zhuan are more common, such as: "Look up at astronomy and look down at geography." ("Declining Cohesion"), "Correspondence with one voice, seeking with the same spirit, wet water and dry fire, cloud following dragon, wind following tiger ... are all according to their own categories." (
Duality, the antithesis in metrical poems. This style of poetry, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but its origin began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Cao Wei period, he wrote ten volumes of the Sound and five volumes of the Rhyme, which separated the clear and turbid sound from the palace, the merchants, the horns, the zither and Yu. In addition, Sun Yan also wrote Er Ya Yi Yin, using the method of anti-tangent phonetic notation. He is the founder of arc tangent.
China's traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, ci, qu, fu, national music, national drama, quyi, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shot put, alcoholic drinks and two-part allegorical sayings. Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day on April 5th, Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th, Qixi on July 7th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs. China's ancient natural sciences, including traditional calendars, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the big family of the Chinese nation are also part of China's traditional culture.
25. Famous mountains and rivers in China
The five mountains in China: Huangshan, Hengshan, Hengshan, Songshan and Taishan.
Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River and Heilongjiang ...