What are the famous folk houses in China?
Dai folk house is a kind of traditional folk house developed by Dai people under relatively primitive conditions according to local natural climate and natural economic conditions, which has strong local characteristics and distinctive historical characteristics. Dai people live in remote tropical areas, forming a completely different architectural style from the mainland. The enclosure structure of the house is light and transparent, and the symbolic courtyard wall-fence makes the house very open.
This is one of the three characteristics of Dai traditional houses adapting to the natural environment. The second feature is formal language: according to the unique natural, social conditions and cultural customs in this area, a series of perfect and unique modeling languages have been formed from the whole to the details, that is, slender, implicit, gentle and charming styles. Third, living is the interpretation of human cognitive process of nature, society and culture. The internal temperament of the Dai people's gentleness, kindness, introversion and delicacy determines the negative characteristics of their houses-simplicity, lightness and gentleness, which is in sharp contrast with the vigorous, rough and solid shapes of the houses in China, Central Plains.
1. Fujian Tulou
Fujian tulou was formed in Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the development in the middle and early Ming Dynasty, it gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and it has continued to this day. Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain with reasonable layout. It absorbs the "Feng Shui" concept of traditional architectural planning in China, adapts to the living and defense requirements of people living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in mountainous areas and local building materials such as raw soil, wood and pebbles. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type with great aesthetic feeling.
2. Kaiping Diaolou
The diaolou combines Chinese and western styles, blending the essence of various architectural styles. At the peak of Kaiping, there were more than 3,000 watchtowers. At present, there are more than 800 watchtowers in/kloc-0, distributed in Kaiping 15 towns. These towers are the crystallization of the initiative of overseas Chinese and villagers in Kaiping in the last century to combine foreign architectural culture with local architectural culture. With a large number, exquisite architecture and diverse styles, it can be called the largest "Diaolou Museum" in the world.
3. Wang Family Courtyard
The Wang Family Courtyard is a master of residential buildings in Qing Dynasty. It was built by Wang Jingsheng family, one of the four families in Lingshi County in history, during the years of Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. The building is huge, with "five lanes", "five castles" and "five ancestral halls". Among them, the courtyard layout of five ancient castles is described as "dragon", "phoenix", "turtle", "forest" and "tiger", with a total area of over 250,000 square meters. At present, there are three major buildings, namely Hongmenbao (Dragon), Gaojiaya (Phoenix), Chongningbao (Tiger) and Wangcitang, which are opened by China Folk House Art Museum, China King Museum and Liqun Art Museum respectively. There are 23/kloc-0 courtyards and 2,078 houses, covering an area of 80,000 square meters.
4. Qiao Family Courtyard
Qiaojia Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qixian County, Shanxi Province, 54 kilometers north of Taiyuan and only 2 kilometers south of Dongguan Town. Also known as nave, it was the residence of Qiao Zhiyong, a famous commercial and financial capitalist in China in the Qing Dynasty. Looking at the whole hospital, the layout is rigorous and the design is exquisite. From the top, it looks like a "hi-hi". Exquisite architecture, well-made bricks and tiles, archways and cornices inlaid with gold, and exquisite masonry and wood carving fully show the superb architectural technology level of our working people. It is praised by experts and scholars as "a bright pearl in the history of northern residential architecture", so it is praised as "the royal family has the Forbidden City, and the residential houses look after the Qiao family"
5. Imperial City Xiangfu
With a total area of 36,000 square meters, the Imperial City Xiangfu (also known as Wu Ting Mountain Village) is the former residence of Chen Tingjing, a bachelor of Wen Yuan Pavilion in Qing Dynasty, a third-class official of the official department, the general reader of Kangxi Dictionary and the interpreter of the thirty-fifth year banquet of Kangxi. Its buildings stand on the mountain, change with the shape, and there are many official residences, which are a group of castle-style official residences with distinctive features in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "We look at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the surrounding mountains." The Forbidden City is not only an ancient "natural landscape painting", but also an oriental castle with rich humanistic spirit.
6. Liu Manor
Liu Manor was originally the private residence of the big landlord Liu, and it is the most intact feudal landlord manor in China. The manor consists of two large buildings in the north-south direction, covering an area of more than 70 mu and more than 350 houses. It was built from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The southern building complex, Futing, was built in 193 1 year with a building area of 10000 square meters. The whole mansion has 27 courtyards, 180 halls, 3 gardens and 7 gates. The North Building Group is a newly-built mansion, built at 1938, 300 meters away from Laogong Pavilion. It is a modern manor building combining Chinese and western styles.
7. Hongcun
Hongcun is located in the northeast of yi county, Anhui Province, away from yi county County 1 1km, with a village area of 9. 17 hectares (more than 300 acres). The location, layout and beautiful scenery of Hongcun are directly related to water, and it is an ancient village that has been carefully planned. The planning and design of artificial water system inside and outside the village is quite exquisite and ingenious. Experts say Hongcun is "a rare ancient village with detailed planning in the world, and the human landscape and natural landscape complement each other". It is praised by Chinese and foreign architectural experts as "a pearl of China tradition" and "a living textbook for studying the history of ancient water conservancy in China".
8. Xidi Village
Xidi village mostly uses black marble to build houses, two clear springs pass through the village, 99 high walls and deep alleys, and unique ancient houses, which make tourists feel like they are in a maze. At the head of the village, there are three four-column and five-story bluestone archways built in the sixth year of Wanli (AD 1578), which are magnificent and exquisite in structure, and are symbols of the prominent position of the Hu family. Splendid houses, exquisite gardens, doorframes and leaky windows made of black marble, exotic flowers and plants carved in stone, birds and animals, pavilions carved in brick, people's operas, exquisite wood carvings, colorful paintings and murals all reflect the essence of ancient art in China.
9. Jiang's Manor
Jiang's Manor is located in Qiaohecha Township, southeast of Mizhi County 16 km, and was built during the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Jiang's manor was designed by Jiang Yaozu, the richest man in the village, who invited experts from Beijing and recruited skilled craftsmen in the county. It took thirteen years before and after. Jiang's manor is ingenious in design, fine in construction, compact in layout and integrated from top to bottom. It is a rare manor building in northern Shaanxi, with strict accident prevention and intercommunication in the hospital.
10. Kang Million Manor
Kang Million Manor has a total construction area of 64,300 square meters, including 33 courtyards, 53 buildings, 1.300 houses and 73 caves. It is divided into more than ten parts, such as the main residential area on the village, the residential area under the village, the south yard, the ancestral hall area, the workshop area, the vegetable garden, the Longwogou, the Jinguzhai, the garden and the board house area. Siheyuan is basically a typical two-way quadrangle in western Henan, which has some characteristics of gardens and government. All kinds of brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings are gorgeous and elegant, which are the representatives of feudal fortress buildings on the Loess Plateau in northern China.