What are the four major fires in China?
People often refer to Wuhan, Nanjing, Chongqing and Nanchang as the "four furnaces" in China. From the analysis of historical meteorological data, these four cities have high temperature in summer, high temperature at night and high air humidity.
Experts from Nanjing Institute of Catastrophic Weather and Climate introduced that the number of days with high temperature above 35℃ is used to measure the heat degree of a city scientifically. Nanjing, Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang and other cities do rank first every year. According to statistics, the average annual high-temperature weather above 35℃ in four major cities is 19.3 days, and the average annual high-temperature weather above 37℃ is 4.5 days. The annual average minimum temperature above 28℃ at night is 13.2 days, and the annual average minimum temperature above 30℃ is10.9 days. Coupled with the sultry heat of "no wind in the city", it is no wonder that there is a "stove".
The heat in Chongqing originates from the topography. The "Chongqing Furnace" is an alchemy of Laoshan Mountain, which is a famous high temperature area in midsummer in China. Compared with the high temperature in the north this year, Chongqing is slightly milder. The heavy rainfall in early June eliminated some summer heat for Chongqing in early summer, but Chongqing people were not grateful for it. Mr. Han, who lives in Yongchuan, Chongqing, said: "The specialty of Chongqing is the summer in July and August, and the autumn tiger is the finale in September. The high temperature has not yet started this year. " Experts explained that the rainy summer in mountain cities is the result of industrialization: "the increase of industrial emissions (sulfur dioxide, tiny dust, etc.). ) affecting solar radiation, leading to an increase in precipitation and a relative decrease in high temperature days. " Such "artificial rainfall" is an "unexpected harvest" of environmental pollution to a certain extent.
Jiangcheng Wuhan can be called "the first generation of furnace leaders". There are many rivers and lakes here, a lot of water vapor evaporates, and the whole city is shrouded in clouds of hot air. On the one hand, it slows down the radiation speed of geothermal energy into the air, on the other hand, it makes it difficult for the human body surface to dissipate heat, just like washing a sauna, sweating and sultry. 1one day in 934, Wuhan recorded a temperature of 4 1.3℃, which won the title of "Furnace Chief" for Jiangcheng.
Nanjing has won the essence of "Summer 99" in the south of the Yangtze River: never leave your hands and sweat like taking a bath. The high temperatures in Nanjing and Shanghai are comparable, but Shanghai's coastal topography dwarfs Nanjing. "Because of the air pressure difference between land and sea, Shanghai is much cooler than Nanjing at night. Although the maximum daily temperature in the two places is similar, the average daily temperature in Shanghai is relatively low. " Professor Qian from the Department of Atmospheric Sciences of Nanjing University explained.
Nanchang lives inland, with Jinggangshan in the west, Wuyishan in the east, Nanling in the south and Qinling in the north. Jiangxi province is surrounded by mountains, so it is difficult for monsoon to enter, and humid air gathers in the middle. Unlike neighboring provinces, Zhejiang, Guangzhou and Shanghai are coastal cities, and their summer temperatures will not be extreme due to typhoons and maritime climate. In addition, the heat island effect of Nanchang urban expansion has been increasing in recent years. The temperature rises in summer, and Nanchang will have an extreme climate of continuous high temperature, sultry, windless and humid from the beginning of July to the end of August every year, which is extremely unbearable. At the hottest time in summer every year, the indoor temperature can reach 33-35 degrees at midnight at 12, and it will not drop until after 3 am. At noon, the outdoor temperature reaches about 40 degrees, and the surface temperature reaches 60-70 degrees. Even if people spend summer indoors or under trees, they still sweat like rain. The hero city Nanchang, except Turpan, is really a veritable big stove.