Introduce arowana
I. Overview
Arowana, whose origin is called "Arowana", means "long tongue" in Spanish. The scientific name Scleropages means hyoid pharynx. Hong Kong is called "Dragon Tuzhu", Japan is called "Silver Broadsword Fish" or "Silver Boat Fish", China is used to calling it "Arowana" and Taiwan Province Province is called "Silver Belt".
Now biologists and tropical fish research experts pay more attention to this kind of fish, because: ① Arowana has a blue-silver light all over its body and its scales are very large. When it is illuminated by light, it will reflect pink light, and its fins are pink or orange-red, which is not available in other tropical fish, so it is loved by everyone. ② The breeding of arowana is very mysterious, so far artificial breeding has not been widely carried out; Arowana is a fish left over from ancient times, which has archaeological and academic value; (4) Arowana is produced in Asia, South America, Australia and Africa, but the red dragon series (red dragon, orange red dragon, golden dragon, black dragon and white dragon) produced in Southeast Asia are now on the verge of extinction, and 1987 is listed as a protected species of wild animals in Washington. For the above reasons. The breeding and ornamental value of arowana is extremely high.
Second, the variety of arowana
Arowana in the southeast includes Red Dragon, Orange Red Dragon, Huang Jinlong, Bai Jinlong, Qinglong and Jinlong. Young and adult red dragon fish are slightly different. The scales of young fish are small, white and reddish, but those of adult fish are different. The gill cover has a crimson edge, a red tongue and shiny scales. The edge color of Huang Jinlong scales is golden; Platinum-like platinum Long Lin; The scales of Qinglong are green, and some are purple patches, which are the most precious. Compared with other kinds of arowana, it has a shorter body shape, especially exposed lateral lines and thicker scales, and can be propagated by artificial propagation.
South American arowana includes silver dragon and black dragon. The silver dragon has a huge scale and a pink semicircle shape, and the color of the fish body is golden ancient blue, sky blue and cyan, which is sparkling; The black dragon is similar in size to the silver dragon, and the adult fish is slightly silver, but when it is slightly older, it tends to be black with purple and cyan and gold stripes.
There are two kinds of arowana in Australian New Guinea series: spotted arowana and spotted arowana. Small size, sharp mouth, golden with silver, half-moon scales, and a little Phnom Penh on the gill cover.
1, yinlong (yindai) arowana
The Amazon river basin is in its original place.
The maximum body length can reach 60 ~ 90cm.
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 30℃
The body color of the silver dragon is silvery white, slightly light blue, with pale pink lines. The dorsal fin and anal fin extend to the caudal fin in a strip shape, and the caudal fin is smaller. The lower jaw protrudes from the upper jaw. The body color of young fish is blue, and there are obvious blue stripes behind the gill cover, which gradually fade with the growth of body size. Breadform, cockroach, small fish, shrimp, etc. Easy to raise.
Breeding mode: oral incubation and spawning. Large water demand.
2. Black Dragon (Black Belt) Black Dragon Fish
South Africa
The maximum body length can reach 50 ~ 60 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 22 ~ 28℃
The shape of the black dragon is similar to that of the silver dragon. The body color of young fish is black with yellow stripes. With the growth of body size, the black color of fish will gradually disappear into silvery white with light blue and purple, and all fins are blue and black.
3. Arowana, red-tailed golden dragon
Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia.
The body length can reach 60 ~ 90 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28℃
Red-tailed golden dragon is mainly distributed in Indonesia. The scale edge (scale frame) is golden yellow, and all fins are orange red. The painful back is dark brown, and the scales are not golden yellow. As easy to raise as a silver dragon. Be careful not to throw too much bait, you will die if you are full. Because plankton is dominant in nature.
Colonization is the same as arowana. Hatching fish with your mouth requires a lot of water.
4. Qinglong (green dragon)
Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in Southeast Asia.
The body length can be 60 ~ 80 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28℃
Arowana's body is silvery gray and slightly green, and its fins are slightly yellow when it is young, so many people mistakenly think that it has a golden dragon with a yellow tail. As a result, the yellow disappears after it is raised, but they mistakenly think that the merchant is cheating. Pay attention to this. As the fish grows, the yellow of each fin will disappear and become dark gray with a little light green. It is short and small, and the purple scales are the most precious. Feeding is easier.
5. Australian star dragon-Jinglong
Native place: eastern Australia
Body length is 30 ~ 50 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 22 ~ 28℃
Australopithecus is small, silvery-white, with a pale yellow-green tone, with red stars on both sides, and golden stars on each fin, with a slight black border, a small head and a short beard, and likes night activities. Easy to raise. It is easier to get hurt in a fight than other arowana, so pay more attention.
6. Australian spotted dragon (Pearl Dragon)
Origin: northern Australia
Body length is 30 ~ 50 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28℃
Australia's star spotted dragon has a short beard and a large head, and its body color is golden yellow with a silver luster. The dorsal fin, caudal fin and anal fin all have gold stripes. Australopithecus fighting with the aquarium is more fierce than other arowana, and often dies of illness due to injury without timely treatment, otherwise it is easy to raise. Therefore, many people only put one in a jar.
Farming methods Australian arowana are all farmed in natural waters, and there is no artificial farming, so the natural output is very large.
7. bonytongue in Malaya, a golden dragon with a back.
The origin of Malaysia
Body length is 30 ~ 50 cm.
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28℃
The fish body of young golden dragon is light golden green, and the scale frame of adult fish is golden yellow, including the whole fish back, and all fins are golden red.
Feeding is the same as all arowana.
8. Red arowana
Indonesia of origin
Body length is 30 ~ 60 cm
The optimum water temperature is 24 ~ 28℃
When arowana is young, its fins are light golden green, its scales are slightly pink at the edge and its mouth is light red. The fish is golden yellow when it is adult, with a golden red scale frame on the scale edge, dark red markings on the mouth and gill cover, and dark red on each fin. According to the color of the scale box, the 1 red dragon can be divided into "Chili red dragon", "blood red dragon", "coffee red dragon" and "golden red dragon".
No.2 red dragon is very similar to 1 in body shape, but the difference is based on body color: No.2 red dragon has no blood-red markings on my mouth and gill cover, the golden color of fish is lighter than that of 1 red dragon, the scale frame is pale yellow or pink, and the tail fin, gluteal fin and ventral fin are pale yellow. There is also a 1 red dragon, whose fish body and fins are between 1 red dragon and No.2 red dragon, but its gill cover has no blood-red markings.
Easy to raise, keep the water fresh (good filtration system), and do not need to change water frequently, so there are fewer diseases. The more arowana is raised, the more beautiful it is. When it becomes a fish, its scales, gills and fins are all red and shining with golden light, which makes people feel reluctant to leave and is very attractive.
Breeding method: oral incubation method. It has been successfully propagated in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Japan.
First, the water quality of Asian arowana
Arowana is suitable for weak acid or medium-sized soft water, and attention should be paid to removing chlorine or fluorine from the water. For example, when feeding with hard water such as well water, you should first boil the water to remove impurities, or use ion exchange resin filtration equipment to remove impurities and turn it into soft water before using it. The water temperature of feeding water is 24 ~ 28℃, and the optimum water temperature of Yinlong and Heilong is 27 ~ 28℃. When buying new young fish, a small amount of antibiotics must be added to the raised water, and chlortetracycline and tetracycline are the best. The dosage is 1 liter of water, and 13 mg is added to make the water in the aquarium yellowish or slightly cyan.
You can't change all the water when raising arowana, otherwise it will do harm to the fish. At first, you can inject 1/8 ~ 1/6 fresh water, and after the fish get used to it, you can change some fresh water every day or every other day. If the aquarium is big and there are not many fish, it is necessary to change more water. Starting with young fish, it is safer to raise them in the middle. Arowana should not change water too much or too little. If the water is changed too little, the fins of arowana will be opaque, the eyeballs will be dirty, and even the gill cover will turn over. Every time water is changed, the aquarium water should be about 1/4 ~ 1/5, and should not exceed 1/3 to prevent the water quality from changing. Sometimes the fins and scales of arowana fall off because of too much water change. As long as the water change is suspended, the fins will recover and the scales will grow out slowly.
Arowana has strong adaptability to water quality, and the ideal pH value is between 6.5 and 7.5. Too low or too high will affect the growth and coat color of arowana. The hardness of 3 ~ 12dh is ideal.
Second, the filtration system and equipment for raising arowana
The filter in the juvenile stage can be a simple upper filter or an external filter, because the intake and excretion of juvenile fish are very small. This kind of filtration has a good effect on young arowana, that is, the way of effluent from this filtration is to wash down, which is safe for young arowana and each fin will open.
The filtration of medium and large arowana is more diverse: it can be roughly divided into the following ways: ① upward filtration; ② External filter; ③ Upper filtration+pumping sand filtration; ④ Overflow bottom filter. There must be a good biological filtration system, and the filter material is very important. Commonly used filter materials are filter cotton, filter biochemical cotton, ceramic particles and rings, which any individual can choose.
Lighting equipment: generally, arowana is kept indoors and cannot be directly irradiated by sunlight, so it is necessary to provide appropriate lighting, which can promote the metabolism of arowana. But also has a color developing effect. First of all, the lamp should be as close to the natural spectrum as possible. The visual ornamental effect can be matched with reddish plant tubes.
Lamps and lanterns can be used as upper lights or underwater lights. It is convenient to install the lamp, but it will reduce the illumination due to the refraction of glass and water surface, while the underwater lamp does not have this shortcoming, and it can almost give full play to the illumination of the lamp tube. Its disadvantage is that it is easy to produce algae.
Water-lifting motor (surf pump): Its function can not only form strong water flow, but also increase the amount of dissolved nutrients in water. In addition, there are two benefits for arowana: ① increasing the exercise of arowana can keep its graceful figure; ② Avoid arowana from turning over its cheeks. If the branchial flap is repaired by surgery, the lifting pump can make the growing branchial membrane smooth during the recovery period.
Third, the bait for raising arowana
Artificial bait: it is easy to get materials, clean and hygienic, and has no parasites. It is a convenient bait. At present, Arowana artificial bait has been sold on the market. Arowana is a kind of benign meat, and it will not be used to artificial bait for the first time. It takes some time to tame the artificial bait before eating it.
Biological bait: There are many kinds of biological bait, and the feed supply methods of arowana are different at different stages. Examples are as follows:
Young arowana below (1) 12cm began to eat raw bait. At this time, you can feed the newly molted white bread worm, the hard part of the head and tail of the stream (just shelled) and the blood worm. Special attention should be paid to early feeding, and eating less and more meals is particularly important for the growth of young arowana.
⑵ The arowana with a height of 1.5cm can be fed with normal breadworms and shrimps or small fish with a height of 1.5cm .. When feeding shrimps, take off the scary sword to avoid stabbing the stomach. At this time, they grow fast and eat more.
(3) Arowana above 20 cm can be fed with live bait such as larger small fish, flowing shrimp (cut off shrimp sword), meat pieces and loach. There are also some seasonal live bait, such as frogs, crickets, centipedes, spiders, cockroaches and so on. They are all live bait that Arowana likes. I like eating cockroaches best. It should be noted that cockroaches cannot be polluted by pesticides.
Diseases of Asian arowana
There are not many diseases of arowana, such as autophagy, exophthalmos, bent gill cover, parasitism, hyperlipidemia, anorexia, desquamation of gastric pouch and so on. There are not many diseases that can kill.