Cultivation techniques of safflower string

A string of red is also called red under the wall and western red. Its inflorescence is slender and its calyx and corolla are bright red. Every flower is like a small firecracker, densely packed into bundles, shaped like a string of firecrackers, so it is also called "firecracker red". Its natural flowering period lasts from summer to autumn, and it can be used to grow flowers at any time except in severe winter and heat. A bunch of red flowers is used to plant large flowerbeds and flower borders. Seen from a distance, it is brilliant red, bright and dazzling. The planting effect is also very good at the edge of lawn and the periphery of trees. Flowers were placed in the grand venue, and the whole scene was spectacular. It can also be used as decoration in front of the steps and beside the house. Festivals such as March-April, May 1 day, June 1 day, July 1 day, and National Day can be held in the Spring Festival to add festive atmosphere. It has strong adaptability and is widely cultivated in China gardens.

2 Morphological characteristics and habits

Salviasplendens belongs to Salvia of Labiatae. Perennial plants are often cultivated as annuals because they are afraid of cold. The plant height is about 70 cm, the stem is smooth, with four edges, opposite leaves, oval to wide oval. The raceme is terminal, and the calyx tube and lip crown are bright red. Nutlets are oval and dark brown. Brazil, native to South America. Like light, like warm and humid climate, not resistant to frost and cold, growing temperature is 20 ~ 25℃, summer temperature exceeds 35℃ or continuous rain, leaves turn yellow and fall off. In particular, short varieties have poor heat resistance and are particularly sensitive to high temperature and rainy weather. I like loose, fertile, well-drained, neutral to weakly alkaline soil.

3 cultivation techniques

1. Selection of environmental conditions Select the cultivation environment according to the characteristics of Bunge Red, and apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting. The conventional sowing period is usually from late March to early June, but with the increase of demand and the widening of demand, it has expanded from summer and autumn flowers to spring flowers, and it is necessary to have protective facilities such as greenhouses to raise seedlings in advance in order to achieve the purpose of supplying flowers as scheduled. 2. Variety selection and seedling propagation (1) Common cultivated varieties are: ① a bunch of red: the corolla and sepals are all red; 2 a string of purple: the corolla and sepals are purple; ③ A string of powder: the corolla and sepals are pink; ④ A string of white: white corolla and sepals; ⑤ Short bunch of red: the plant height is only 20 cm, the plant is short and stout, with dense branches and leaves, and the corolla and sepals are all red; ⑥ Helios variety: It has heat resistance. (2) Seeding and cutting can be used to propagate a bunch of safflower. The flowering period varies with the breeding period, and sowing in stages can achieve the purpose of using flowers as scheduled. ① Seeding and propagation: The regular sowing date of a bunch of safflower is in the middle and late March. Because of the fear that too much rain will affect seed germination and seedling growth, seeds are usually planted in plastic greenhouses. Before sowing, the soil should be treated with 0. L% thiophanate and carbendazim, the soil is carefully prepared and kept moist and loose. Sow the seeds evenly, and after sufficient water spraying, the seeds are closely combined with the soil, and then covered with a thin layer of soil, and then covered with sterilized straw grass, which not only keeps warm but also keeps the soil loose. Generally, seeds germinate about 7 days after sowing. Due to the different flower supply dates, if flowers are needed on May Day, the sowing date should be from June 5438 to the previous year 10. At this time, the seedlings will spend the cold winter in the greenhouse. Therefore, a plastic film bow shed should be built in the greenhouse, and grass pieces should be added to keep warm when necessary. If flowers are provided for the National Day, the sowing period should be extended to June. In summer, plastic film and sunshade net should be temporarily added to the top of the greenhouse. In seedling management, watering should not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the occurrence of damping-off disease due to excessive water. Transplanting seedlings when they grow 2-3 true leaves, and coring when they grow 6 true leaves to promote branching and potted plants. (2) Cutting propagation: The cutting propagation of a bunch of safflower is generally carried out in May-June (it can be carried out at any time except in hot and cold seasons in summer according to the needs of flowers). Cut off the branches with complete tissue from the mother plant, remove the top, and insert them into the prepared culture soil with a depth of 1 ~ 2cm. After inserting, pour water, pay attention to shading with shading net, and the coverage rate is above 80%. Always keep the bed soil moist, take root 65,438+00 days after transplanting, and shade with shading net, with a coverage rate of 50%. Potted one month after sowing. Cutting in greenhouse or greenhouse during June 5438+ 10 can provide flowers for spring or may day. At this time, the cutting seedlings should spend the cold winter in the greenhouse and keep warm like sowing seedlings. 3. Key points of planting and cultivation management (l) Prepare a bunch of red high fertilizer from the culture soil, and prepare the culture soil before planting. Culture soil is generally mixed with garden soil, decomposed manure, bean cake and so on. The soil is loose and fertile. After planting, apply thin fertilizer as topdressing several times according to the growth situation to help the growth flourish. (2) Shading a bunch of red flowers in summer is afraid of heat, especially a bunch of short flowers, and shading should be strengthened in hot summer. When the weather continues to be hot and dry, and the temperature is as high as 35℃, a bunch of red flowers has the advantage of inadaptability. Too much light inhibits the formation of chlorophyll, which leads to yellowing and burning of leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to shade the leaves, directly spray water on the leaves and spray water around the shade shed to cool down, so that a bunch of red flowers can spend the summer safely. (3) Drainage and waterlogging prevention In cloudy days, on the one hand, the stems are too long, on the other hand, the soil moisture is too much, and the root respiration will be weakened due to insufficient oxygen supply in the soil. If it lasts for a long time, the root system will suffocate due to lack of oxygen, rot and die. Therefore, measures such as drainage and waterlogging prevention should be taken to prevent water accumulation after rain, so as to reduce the groundwater level and excessive humidity; Timely intertillage and loosen the soil to improve ventilation; After heavy rain or rainstorm, the accumulated water in the basin should be removed in time. (4) Picking and pruning bunches of safflower have strong germination ability, and topping is beneficial to popularizing new technologies, making plants plump and flowering, and controlling flowering period. Starting from the six true leaves of the seedlings, coring is generally carried out every 10 ~ 15 days, and new buds can be produced 25 ~ 30 days before flowering and about 30 days after coring. (5) During the growing period, the weather is hot and the ventilation is poor, which is harmful to red spiders, aphids and whiteflies. Dicofol 1000 ~ 1500 times solution is commonly used to kill red spiders, omethoate 1000 times solution to kill aphids, dichlorvos 1000 times solution and a small amount of Tween are shaken and sprayed evenly.