What are the dimensions of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Arch?

Gan Xi's Former Residence

It was built during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty and is commonly known as "Ninety-Nine and a Half Rooms". It is the largest and best-preserved private residence in Nanjing.

According to legend, the Gan family was a prominent family in Jinling. Gan Ning, the famous general of the Three Kingdoms, Gan Zhuo, the governor of Liangzhou in Jin Dynasty, and Gan Fengchi, one of the Eight Heroes of Jiangnan in the early Qing Dynasty, were all ancestors of the Gan family. The Gan family moved to Nanjing in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. They have been scholarly for generations, and have carefully collected local documents and classics from past dynasties. The important reason why the Gan family and his son are famous in history is that they visited Wu and Yue and collected more than 100,000 volumes of books. In 1832 AD, a famous library in the south of the Yangtze River - Jintiao Building - was built in the family residence. It was the largest in Jinling at that time. Among them, the "Jinshilu" written by Zhao Mingcheng, an epigrapher of the Song Dynasty, is the only one handed down from generation to generation and is now collected by the Beijing Library. .

In the Nanjing area, the larger multi-entry houses are commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms". The reason is that nine is the largest yang number and also a lucky number. Over nine to ten It's the end, and the end means going downhill, so China has had the saying "Nine-Five-Year-Old" since ancient times. The largest palace building in China is the Forbidden City, known as "9999 and a half rooms", the largest government building is the Confucius Mansion, known as "999 and a half rooms", while the number of residential buildings is only "99 and a half rooms" "Half", this half represents both the humility of not reaching a hundred times, and the pride of reaching the goal in only half a step. Ganxi's former residence actually has more than 300 rooms.

Residential houses use wooden structures as the load-bearing system. The structures of lifting beams and ducts are used to bear the weight of the roof and floor. Hollow walls or masonry walls are used to enclose and separate the spaces to form buildings. The basic unit is room. A building with three to five rooms connected horizontally is called a luo. The luo and the front courtyard are composed of a luo. The multiple huts are connected in series and then closed with high walls to form a residence. This is what is usually referred to as a house with one luo and multiple huts. Ganxi's former residence is such a large house composed horizontally and arranged in four directions.

The layout of Ganxi's former residence was strictly in accordance with the patriarchal concepts and family system of feudal society. It emphasized the importance of descendants and multiple generations living under the same roof. These consciousnesses were reflected in the architecture, resulting in the large scale and strict hierarchy of the mansion. The location, decoration, area and shape of various types of houses have roughly unified grade regulations.

Gan Xi studied epigraphy, geology and geology, and was good at geomantic omen and astrology. His former residence faces south to north. First, the Gan family came to Ning from Xiaodanyang to make a fortune in business, and the "Picture House Technique" in "Lunheng. Jieshu" states that merchants should not face south, because business is gold, and south It is fire, and fire overcomes metal, which is bad, while the north is water, and metal and water are mutually beneficial. It can be seen that the "contradiction" in the orientation of Gan's house was originally determined based on Feng Shui theory. In addition, in "Hundred Family Surnames", the surname Gan is followed by "Bohai", which is where the Gan family originated. After the Gan family moved south, the couplet "Yu Lake Shize, Bohai Family Sound" was hung in their home, and the south facing north was placed on the building to express gratitude to their ancestors and never forget them. There are as many as 35 large and small patios in the former residence. It is said that there are 32 water wells and manholes. More than 10 wells have been discovered so far, some in the patio, some in the room, some under the cornice, and some at the threshold. It effectively solves the problems of ventilation, lighting, water supply and drainage of the house. The water tank under the roof eaves allows rainwater to flow from the underground ditch to the courtyard courtyard, which plays the role of "four water returns to the bright hall, and the fertile water does not flow out".

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is located at the foot of Dulong Fuwan Mount Everest at the southern foot of Purple Mountain in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing City, on the west side of Maoshan Mountain. The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his queen, Ma Shi, are buried together. this. It is one of the largest existing mausoleums in China. In 2003, Ming Xiaoling Tomb was included in the World Heritage List. The World Heritage Committee commented: According to Feng Shui theory, the royal tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were carefully sited and a large number of buildings were skillfully placed underground. It is the product of human beings changing nature, embodies traditional architectural and decorative ideas, and explains the world view and power view of feudal China that lasted for more than 500 years.

From the official start in the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381) to the completion in the third year of Yongle (1405), it took 25 years. It successively mobilized 100,000 military personnel, consuming a lot of manpower and material resources, and the scale was huge. At that time, the imperial wall built from Chaoyang Gate (today's Zhongshan Gate) to Xiaoling Guards to the west and north of the mausoleum was 45 miles long, and more than 5,000 troops were stationed to protect the mausoleum.

At that time, the pavilions in the cemetery were connected to each other; the Xiang Palace was filled with smoke, pine trees, and thousands of deer. During the roaring of deer, the momentum was extraordinary. Due to repeated attacks by war, only the Shenlie Mountain Monument, the Xiama Archway, the Golden Gate, the Sifang City and the Shen Gong Duode Monument remain, as well as 24 Shinto stone animals of six species including lions, Xie Zhi, camel elephants, unicorns and horses, and two Shinto stone pillars. , four each for civil servants and military generals.

The Shinto of the mausoleum starts from Sifang City. Sifangcheng is a stele pavilion located between Weiqiao and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. It is the "Sacred Merit Stele of the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty" built by Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, for his father Zhu Yuanzhang. Its top has been destroyed, leaving only four square walls, inside which is a stone tablet standing on a turtle base, with a height of 8.78 meters. The inscription was written by Zhu Di himself, totaling 2,746 words, detailing the merits and virtues of Ming Taizu. The base and forehead of the stele are beautifully carved. From there, the Shinto goes west through Waijinshuiqiao (today's Hongqiao), bypasses Meihua Mountain, and then turns north, with a length of about 1,800 meters. One section is the Stone Elephant Road. On this section of the road, there are 12 pairs of stone animals facing each other, including 6 types of lions, camels, elephants and horses. There are two pairs of each kind, with one pair lying down and one facing each other. Behind them are a pair of tall Chinese watches with carved clouds and dragons, which are very impressive. On the Shinto that turns to the north, there are four pairs of civil servants and generals wearing armor or python robes. Unfortunately, some of them are damaged. The stone men and beasts are all huge in size and are artistic treasures of stone carvings from the Ming Dynasty. The vermilion gate of Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty faces north and south, facing Meihua Mountain. On the forehead of the door are three words "Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty". There is a stone-carved notice on the east side of the door, which is Qingxuan

I am happy to answer the poster's questions. Please forgive me if there are any mistakes