The birthdays of the four beauties in ancient my country
Where was Diao Chan born? One talks about Lintao, one talks about Mizhi, and the other talks about Xinzhou.
The theory of Lintao originated from "Three Kingdoms Zhipinghua". Diao Chan introduced herself to Wang Yun: My concubine's surname is Ren, and her parents are Lu Bu. Rumors say: Mizhi's mother-in-law Suide is Han; Diao Chan is from Muzhi Village in Xinzhou, which is obviously more convincing. In the Yuan drama "Jinyuntang Secretly Determines the Lianlian Plan", Diao Chan said to Wang Yun, "Your child is from here again." She is a native of Xinzhou's Mur'er Village. She is the daughter of Ren Ang, with a small name of Hongchang. Because Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty chose a palace maid, he brought your child into the palace and held a Diao Chan crown, so he was called Diao Chan. "There is a saying among the people in Xinzhou: There is no one in Xinzhou. There are good women, but there are no good men in Dingxiang. This means that since Diao Chan came out of Xinzhou and Lu Bu came out of Dingxiang, the local feng shui has been taken over. In addition to these, the elders of Muzhi Village still say that there was a stone tablet "Diao Chan's Hometown" outside the village. There are tombs and temples in the village, and there is also a street named after Wang Yun. After the incident at Baimen Tower, what will be the fate of Diao Chan? There are several such legends. One theory is that Cao Cao learned that Guan Yu had hidden Diao Chan in Jingci Temple, so he secretly sent someone to arrest her. Diao Chan committed suicide with her sword in order to defeat Cao's ambition. Another theory is that Diao Chan became a nun, during which she wrote the anonymous "Jinyuntang Secret". "Dinglian Plan", in Shouzhuan Temple; one theory is that Cao Cao adopted Xun You's plan to alienate the three Taoyuan brothers, and promised Diao Chan to Guan Yu, secretly agreeing with Liu Bei. In order to eliminate Cao Nian, Guan Yu killed Diao Chan; another theory is that, Guan Yu sent Diao Chan back to Mur'er Village (today's Muzhi Village). Diao Chan never married, so there is Diao Chan's tomb and memorial hall in the village, and Guan Gong is also enshrined in the back hall. Adding to the news not long ago, an old man surnamed Zeng in the northern suburbs of Chengdu once picked up a stele. The inscription said: Diao Chan, Wang Yun's singer, died for the country because of Dong Zhuo's rampage... She followed Emperor Yan to Shu and was buried in Huayang County. Huangtupo, Shangjianheng Village, Waibei...According to this theory, it is very likely that Diao Chan ended up living in Shu.
Xi Shi, whose original name was Shi Yiguang, was born in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Natural beauty. At that time, the State of Yue became a vassal of the State of Wu, and the King of Yue, Gou Jian, lay down on his firewood and tasted his gall in order to revive his country. When the country was in crisis, Xi Shi endured the humiliation and pledged herself to the country. Together with Zheng Dan, King Gou Jian of Yue dedicated her to King Wu Fu Cha. She became the King of Wu's favorite concubine. It acted as a cover and showed the noble thoughts and sentiments of a patriotic woman. Later, the state of Wu was finally destroyed by Gou Jian. Xi Shi lost all news after Wu was destroyed. There are many endings about her. One of the two most likely endings is: Xi Shi went boating on the five lakes with Fan Li, and the other was that she was put into a bag and thrown into the water by the King of Yue and drowned.
Wang Zhaojun (wáng zhāo jūn) 52 BC - 19 BC
Together with Xi Shi, Diao Chan and Yang Yuhuan, they are known as the four beauties in ancient China, among which Xi Shi ranks first , is the embodiment and synonym of beauty. The four beauties enjoy the "appearance of a woman shy of the moon, and the appearance of a fish that sinks into the sky". "Closing moon, shameful flowers, sinking fish, falling wild geese" are historical allusions composed of wonderful stories. "Closing the Moon" tells the story of Diao Chan worshiping the moon. "Shame on Flowers" tells the story of Concubine Yang when she was watching flowers. "Shen Yu" tells the story of Xi Shi's time in the sand. "Luoyan" is the story of Zhaojun's departure from the fortress.
Wang Zhaojun, surnamed Wang and Mingqiang, was from Zigui, Nanjun (now Xingshan County, Hubei Province). The Xiongnu called Han Xie Shanyu Yan's family. She was selected into Yeting during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty as a "good family son". At that time, Hu Hanxie came to court, and the emperor gave him five daughters. Wang Zhaojun had been in the palace for several years, but could not see the emperor. He was filled with sorrow and resentment, so he asked Ye Ting to order him to act. Hu Hanxie was about to bid farewell to the assembly, and the emperor summoned five daughters to show him. Zhaojun "was handsome and handsome, and the palace of Han Dynasty was bright. His shadow was wandering around, and he was moving around. The emperor was shocked when he saw it, and wanted to keep him, but it was difficult to break his promise, so he broke up with the Xiongnu." ("Book of the Later Han" Volume 89 "Biography of the Southern Xiongnu" 》)
Wang Zhaojun was born in Baoping Village, Zigui County, Nanjun County (now Zhaojun Village, Xingshan County, Hubei Province) in 52 BC. In the third year of Yong'an (A.D. 260), Emperor Jing divided Zigui into the northern boundary of Xingshan County, and Xiangxi was the boundary of the town. King Qiang of the Han Dynasty was from this town, so he was the county of Yun Zhaojun. His father, Wang Rang, had a daughter in his old age and regarded her as the apple of his eye, and her brothers and sister-in-law also doted on her. Wang Zhaojun was born with beauty and extraordinary intelligence. He was proficient in playing music, chess, calligraphy and painting. "My eyebrows are unparalleled and can make flowers shy in the forest." Zhaojun's peerless talents and appearance spread throughout Nanjun along the Xiangxi River and reached the capital. In 36 BC, Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty announced to the world that he was recruiting girls from all over the world. Wang Zhaojun is Nanjun’s first choice. Emperor Yuan issued an edict, ordering him to choose an auspicious day to enter Beijing. His father Wang Ranyun said: "My daughter is still too young to obey orders." Unfortunately, it is difficult to disobey the sacred orders.
In mid-spring of 36 BC, Wang Zhaojun tearfully bid farewell to his parents and fellow villagers. He boarded a carved dragon and phoenix official boat along the Xiangxi River, entered the Yangtze River, crossed the Han River, and crossed the Qinling Mountains. It took three months and arrived in the capital Chang'an in the early summer of the same year to stay in Yeting. imperial edict. Legend has it that after Wang Zhaojun entered the palace, she refused to bribe the painter Mao Yanshou because she relied on her beauty, so Mao Yanshou put a mole on her portrait. Zhaojun was demoted to the cold palace for three years and had no chance to meet him. In 33 BC, Hu Hanxie Shanyu, the leader of the northern Huns, took the initiative to come to the Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself a vassal to the Han Dynasty, and asked for a marriage to make a lasting friendship. Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty summoned all the concubines in the harem, and Wang Zhaojun stepped forward and responded generously to the imperial edict. At Huhanxie's farewell meeting, Emperor Yuan was shocked because Zhaojun was so beautiful and beautiful. He didn't know that there was such a beautiful person in the harem. He wanted to keep her, but it was hard to break his promise, so he rewarded her with 28,000 pieces of brocade and silk and 16,000 pieces of catkins. Thousands of catties of gold, jade and other valuables were sent personally to Chang'an for more than ten miles. Surrounded by teams of chariots and fine horses, Wang Zhaojun shouldered the important task of marrying Han and Huns. He left Chang'an, left Tongguan, crossed the Yellow River, and crossed Yanmen. It took more than a year. In the early summer of the second year, he arrived in Mobei and was attacked by the Xiongnu. The people welcomed her grandly, and she was named "Ning Hu's family", which meant that the Xiongnu's peace was guaranteed when they had a Han woman as "the family" (the king's wife).
After Zhaojun came out of the fortress, the Han and Hungarian nationalities were united and harmonious, and the country was peaceful and peaceful. "The border town was closed, the cattle and horses were wild, there were no barking dogs for three generations, and the Li Shu people forgot about the war", showing a prosperous and peaceful scene. In 31 BC, Huhanxie Chanyu died, leaving behind a son named Yitu Zhiyashi, who later became the king of Xiongnu Youri Zhu. At that time, Wang Zhaojun put the overall situation first and endured great grievances. In accordance with the Xiongnu custom of "after the death of the father, the wife follows the stepmother", she married Hu Hanxie's eldest son, Fu Zhulei Shanyu Diao Tao Mogao, and gave birth to two more daughters. The girl's name is Xubu, and the second girl's name should be Yu Juci ("Juci" means princess). In 20 BC, Chanyu died again, and Zhaojun became a widow from then on. A year later, the 33-year-old peerless beauty Wang Zhaojun passed away and was buried in the southern suburbs of today's Hohhot City. The tomb is nestled in the Daqing Mountains and near the Yellow River. Later generations called it "Green Tomb".
A native of Yongle, Puzhou (Yongji, Shanxi) in the Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of Tianbao's reign (745), she entered the palace and was favored by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Every time the imperial concubine rides a horse, the eunuch Gao Lishi will personally come to hold the whip. The imperial concubine has 700 weavers and embroidery workers, and there are even more people who are vying to offer rare souvenirs. Zhang Jiuzhang, the chronicler of Lingnan, and Wang Yi, the chief historian of Guangling, were both promoted because of their exquisite works. So all the officials followed suit. Concubine Yang loved Lingnan lychees, so some people tried their best to transport fresh lychees to Chang'an.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled Chang'an. On his way to Maweipo, the Sixth Army refused to move forward, saying that it was because Yang Guozhong (cousin of the imperial concubine) was connected with the Hu people, which led to the invasion of Anlu Mountain. On the contrary, Xuanzong killed Yang Guozhong in order to calm the morale of the army. The Sixth Army refused to move forward again, saying that Yang Guozhong was the imperial concubine's cousin. The cousin was guilty, and the cousin was also unavoidable. The imperial concubine was also hanged to death in the road temple. The Anshi Rebellion had nothing to do with Concubine Yang. She became the scapegoat for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.
Concubine Yang, Xi Shi, Wang Zhaojun and Diao Chan are the four beauties in ancient China.
Yang Yuhuan (719-756 AD): a court musician, singer and dancer in the Tang Dynasty, whose musical talent was rarely seen among the concubines of the past dynasties. He was born in Rongzhou (now Rong County, Yulin, Guangxi) in the early sixth month of the lunar calendar in 719, the seventh year of Kaiyuan. He came from a family of eunuchs. His great-grandfather Yang Wang was the Shangzhu State and Minister of the Ministry of Personnel in the Sui Dynasty. He was killed by Li Shimin in the early Tang Dynasty. His father Yang Xuanyan, She is the sihu of Shuzhou, and her uncle Yang Xuangui once served as a local cao in Henan Prefecture. Yang Yuhuan spent her childhood in Sichuan. When she was about 10 years old, her father died, and she was fostered in the home of her third uncle Yang Xuangui in Luoyang.
Yang Yuhuan's natural beauty and superior educational environment gave her a certain degree of cultural accomplishment, a gentle personality, proficiency in music, good at singing and dancing, and good at playing the pipa. Although she is a beautiful woman, she still has a flaw: she has body odor, so she especially likes bathing.
In July of the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Princess Xianyi, daughter of Tang Xuanzong, held a wedding in Luoyang, and Yang Yuhuan was also invited to attend. Princess Xianyang's younger brother, Prince Shou Li Hao, fell in love with Yang Yuhuan at first sight. At the request of Concubine Wu Hui, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an edict to appoint her as Princess Shou. After marriage, the two became extremely sweet.
On the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month in the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan, Yang Yuhuan (719-756), named Taizhen, was born in Yongle, Puzhou, and was the noble concubine of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji of the Tang Dynasty. Yang's appearance is gorgeous, good at singing and dancing, and good at music. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), she was canonized as Li Hao's concubine, and was later ordered to become a monk. In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Yang was officially canonized as a noble concubine by Xuanzong.
In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (755), Anlushan launched a rebellion, Xuanzong fled west to Sichuan, and Yang died in the rebellion in Maweiyi.
This Concubine Yang, who regards fatness as her beauty, is the simplest beauty, the happiest beauty, and the most touching beauty.
Is her name really Yuhuan?
What is the name of the famous Concubine Yang? This is an interesting question.
It is not mentioned in "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang", and there is no clear record in "Zizhi Tongjian". "The Story of Song of Everlasting Sorrow" only says that she is "Yang Xuanyan's daughter". In the ninth year of Dazhong in the Tang Dynasty (855), about 100 years after Yang Guifei's death, "Yang Guifei's small character Yuhuan" was mentioned for the first time in "Miscellaneous Records of the Ming Emperor" compiled by Zheng Chujie. Later generations still use it today. There is a different view on this. Zheng Xi's "Jinyangmen Poetry Notes" says: "Jade slave, Taizhen is also a small character." Zheng Chujie and Zheng Xi were both from the Tang Dynasty, lived in similar eras, and were both Jinshi scholars, so their statements have credible reasons. Of course, it is also possible that these two names belong to Yang Meiren, one is the real name and the other is a nickname.
No matter what Yang Guifei’s name is, the old man named Li Longji likes her. It is true to say that he is an old man. When the two met for the first time in the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Yang was only 22 years old, and he was already 56 years old. He is always old, but he is the emperor, so he can do whatever he wants. Not only did he not care what her name was, but he also didn't care whether she was married or not. He didn't even consider that the person she was marrying was his son. As long as he liked it, he would definitely take it.
When Tang Xuanzong fell in love with Yang Yuhuan, she had been married to the longevity king Li Mao for almost five years. In the Tang Dynasty, "Hu Feng" was prevalent in the court, and it seemed that it was not uncommon for me to snatch my son's wife. "Everyone is equal before love," so there were no Taoist priests crying and admonishing the emperor about "human ethics." But this was not a glorious thing after all. In order to give an explanation to the world, Tang Xuanzong still did some work on the table. For example, under the banner of filial piety, an edict was issued to order her to become a female Taoist priest, saying that she wanted to recommend blessings to her mother, Queen Mother Dou, and gave her the Taoist title "Taizhen", so that Yang Yuhuan could move out of Prince Shou's Mansion and live in Taizhen Palace. This is also done to avoid the eyes and ears of others and facilitate their affair. After finally surviving five years, Xuanzong first fulfilled his "father's responsibility" seriously and married Wei Zhaoxun's daughter to the longevity king Li Hao. Then he couldn't wait to welcome Yang back to the palace and officially canonized her. As a noble concubine. Yang Yuhuan is not only beautiful, good at singing and dancing, but also very smart and considerate. He is simply the emperor's caring "little cotton-padded jacket", and Xuanzong naturally likes her very much. Soon, Yang Yuhuan began to dote on the harem, causing "the pink and white in the sixth palace to have no color." At that time, the palace called her a lady, and all treatment (grooming regulations) were at the level of a queen.
Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty had something to say about this. He wrote in "A Feeling of Lishan: Ode to Concubine Yang"
"The Feiquan of Lixiu is full of warm fragrance, the Nine Dragons protect the Jade Lotus Room, and I am lucky to live in the Palace of Eternal Life in ordinary times. If I don't follow the Golden Yu, I will be the King of Longevity." . "It seems that King Shou is extremely depressed and embarrassed. But Xuanzong still wanted to win the love of his son regardless of human relations, so he could only lament that Yang Yuhuan's beauty was too alluring. However, according to common sense, Tang Xuanzong, who has entered his old age, dotes on Concubine Yang. He may not only be greedy for beauty and sex, but also regard her as a person who is considerate in life, understanding in everything, and able to cater to his own hobbies. Spiritual companion.
As stated in the "Old Book of Tang Dynasty": "Taizhen has a gorgeous appearance, is good at singing and dancing, has a good understanding of music, and has excellent calculation skills. Every time he is welcomed, he moves as expected." And "New Tang Dynasty" The comments in "Book" are roughly the same, but implicitly added the reminder of "a banquet in the special room". Many literary works of later generations are extremely obscene and amplify the imperial concubine's ability to "invite favors through sex". I think they overestimate the physiological functions of Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty. Of course, no matter how old a man is, he still appreciates beauty, not to mention that this beauty looks like a fairy.
"The Song of Colorful Feather Clothes"
In addition to Yang Yuhuan's outstanding appearance, what fascinated Xuanzong even more was her superb musical and dance skills. According to historical records, she was "good at singing, dancing, and good at music", and Xuanzong also had similar interests. It's no wonder that he regarded her as his artistic confidant and spiritual partner. This can be seen from his joyful tone, "I have obtained Concubine Yang, as if I have obtained the most precious treasure."
Tang Xuanzong was familiar with music and had extensive knowledge of music and dance. Many aristocratic children had been trained by him in the Liyuan. "Old Tang Book" records that Xuanzong once formed a "palace band", selected 300 disciples and hundreds of palace maids, and invited them to guide them.
For such a talented "artistic" emperor, Yang Yuhuan, who was proficient in music, naturally seemed particularly charming. It is said that one time, Xuanzong proposed to hold a concert using musical instruments from the mainland together with five musical instruments from the Western Regions, and the imperial concubine actively responded. At that time, the imperial concubine held the pipa in her arms, and Xuanzong held the Jie drum, singing and dancing day and night. This is evidenced by Bai Juyi's poem: "Slow singing and graceful dancing of silk and bamboo, the emperor will never see enough." Yang Yuhuan is also a master of chime playing. When she plays, "the sound of the chime is calm and calm, with many new sounds. Although the disciples of Liyuan , no one can match it.” In order to please the beauty, Emperor Xuanzong specially made the chime made of Lantian green jade and decorated it with gold and pearls, which was extremely precious.
Concubine Wu Hui, whom Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty loved, died of illness, making Xuanzong depressed. Under the recommendation of his confidant eunuch Gao Lishi, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty turned his attention to Yang Yuhuan, the daughter-in-law who resembled Concubine Wu Hui.
In October of the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Yang Yuhuan, who had been married to Li Mao for five years, left the Shou Palace and came to Lishan. At this time, she was only 22 years old and Xuanzong was 56 years old. Xuanzong ordered her to become a monk first. As a female Taoist priest, she recommended blessings to her mother, Queen Mother Dou, and gave her the Taoist title "Taizhen".
In the fourth year of Tianbao, after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wei Zhaoxun's daughter as Princess Shou, he also appointed Yang Yuhuan as his imperial concubine. Xuanzong had not established a queen since he abolished the queen, so Yang Guifei was equivalent to the queen.
Concubine Yang has three sisters, all of whom are of national beauty. They were also called to the palace and were given the titles of Lady of Korea, Lady of Qin and Lady of Guo. Each of them was given 100,000 yuan of makeup and powder every month. Yang Huahua, the wife of Guo State, ranked third. She was beautiful with her natural beauty, without fake makeup. Du Fu's poem "The Lady of the State of Guo" says: "The Lady of the State of Guo accepted the Lord's thoughts and mounted her horse to enter the Golden Gate at dawn. However, she disliked the color of the makeup and powder, so she lightly swept her eyebrows towards the Supreme Being." (Volume 2 of "Detailed Notes on Du Poems") is a portrayal of the fact.
Since Yang Yuhuan entered the palace, he followed the feudal court system, did not interfere in court politics, and did not intervene in power struggles. With his charm, gentleness and extraordinary musical talent, he was favored by Xuanzong in every possible way. Because of jealousy, Xuanzong was so angry that he was sent out of the palace twice. In addition, Yang Yuhuan had an affair with An Lushan in the palace, but in the end Xuanzong still couldn't let go of her. Until the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled westward with only Concubine Yang. During the remonstrance of Maweipo soldiers, Concubine Yang was forced to die at the age of 38.
There is the tomb of Yang Guifei in Xingping County, Shaanxi Province today, covering an area of 3,000 square meters. On the side of the tomb are steles of poems by Li Shangyin, Bai Juyi, Lin Zexu and other dynasties. There is Huaqing Pool at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong. It is said that Concubine Yang bathed in Huaqing Pool in the cold spring, and the hot spring water washed away her fat. Among them, "Guifei Pool" is more famous. It is said that it was a bathing pool dedicated to Concubine Yang, so it is also called "Huaqing Pool". There is a "cooling hair pavilion" on the side of the pool, which is said to be the place where the imperial concubines cooled their hair after bathing and combed their hair. Because of their close relationship with the famous ancient beauty Yang Guifei, these scenic spots and historic sites have attracted many Chinese and foreign tourists and have become famous tourist attractions.