What are the main eco-environmental problems in China?
Air pollution is very serious. The average annual and daily concentration of total suspended particulate matter in urban air in China is 320 μ g/m3, which exceeds 800 μ g/m3 in heavily polluted cities, nearly 10 times higher than the World Health Organization standard. Beijing, Shenyang, Xi, Shanghai and Guangzhou, which are involved in global atmospheric monitoring, are among the most polluted cities in 10. Acid rain covers 29% of the country's land area, and the serious acid rain area has crossed the Yangtze River and spread to the Yellow River basin. Acid rain has also been detected in Qingdao, causing economic losses of 654.38+0.4 billion yuan every year. The acid rain areas in Central China, represented by Changsha, Ganzhou, Huaihua and Nanchang, have become the most serious acid rain areas in China since the 1990s, with an average annual pH of less than 4.0 and an acid rain frequency of over 90%.
Water pollution is very prominent. Nearly half of China's seven major water systems are seriously polluted, and 86% of urban river sections have exceeded the standard. According to the monitoring of 29 rivers in 15 provinces and cities, fish are basically extinct within 2800 kilometers. In the tributaries of Huaihe River Basin 19 1, 80% of the water is dark green, and more than half of the river sections have completely lost their use value. Many factories along the coast were forced to stop production, and crops in some areas were cut off. 1July, 1994, a serious pollution accident occurred in the Huaihe River, and 200 million tons of sewage was discharged into the main stream, forming a 70-kilometer-long pollution zone, leaving more than 500,000 people in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces without water to drink. There are frequent shutdowns, production stoppages and disputes caused by water pollution in various places.
Noise and solid waste increase. Two-thirds of urban residents in China live in a noise environment that exceeds the standard. Industrial solid waste and domestic waste have accumulated more than 7 billion tons, and are still increasing at the rate of 670 million tons per year. The phenomenon of garbage "besieged city" is very common, and the polluted cultivated land reaches more than 65.438+0.5 billion mu. Most hazardous wastes have not been effectively disposed of and piled up at will, resulting in major environmental hazards.
The ecological environment is deteriorating. In some areas, the blind development of enterprises with serious pollution and unreasonable exploitation of resources have caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage, aggravated vegetation damage, soil erosion and land desertification, and made some areas with fragile ecological environment fall into a situation where people and animals have no drinking water and plants are difficult to grow.
Environmental pollution is a serious threat to people's health. 97% of the farmers engaged in indigenous mercury smelting in Wuchuan County, Guizhou Province have symptoms of mercury poisoning; In the heavily polluted area of Kuihe River in Anhui Province, the incidence of cancer in the population is as high as 1024/65438+ 10,000, which is more than 10 times higher than the national average. Pollution disputes and letters and visits from the masses have increased year by year, causing bloody conflicts such as fighting and casualties, which began to affect social stability.
China's environmental problems have attracted the attention of all walks of life and even the international community. Many experts and scholars have suggested that if effective measures are not taken in time on environmental issues, it will not only offset the achievements of economic construction and reform and opening up to a great extent, but also repeat the mistakes of population problems in the 1950s, which should arouse our great attention.