Recommend [3] this extracurricular reading to the first-year students!
Tisch
Grimm's fairy tales have strong regional and ethnic characteristics, are full of fun and entertainment, and have positive significance for cultivating children's good qualities of truth, goodness and beauty. The brothers Grimm were born in Hanau on the Rhine, and they are very creative. They collected the folk literature at that time and combined it into one. Their elder brother jacob green is a rigorous historian, and their younger brother william green writes beautifully. In the end, they * * * made up fairy tales for their children and families (KinderundHausm? Rchen), namely Grimm's Fairy Tales, the first set of Grimm's Fairy Tales was published in 18 12, containing 86 fairy tales, and the second set added 70 stories, with the content expanding continuously. The Brothers Grimm published 200 stories (seventh edition) before his death, plus 2 10 legends of saints and addenda. Among them are Cinderella, Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty, Candy House, Prince Frog, Fisherman and His Wife, Wolf and Seven Lambs, Thumb, Brave Little Tailor, City Musician in Bremen and Cat in Boots.
Some people say that childhood is complete only after reading Grimm's fairy tales. This is no exaggeration. The story in this book is tortuous, but not bizarre; The narrative is simple, but not monotonous. 100 years, it has been loved by children all over the world. Who doesn't know Prince Frog, Sleeping Beauty and Cinderella?
Of course, our little book is full of adventure, mystery and fantasy stories, and there are many more. Beautiful Snow White, Goose Girl; Lovely little red riding hood and elves; The black forest full of danger, the castle with beautiful scenery ... these wonderful and beautiful artistic conception and tortuous and confusing story lines will definitely immerse you in the story and make you unforgettable for a long time. In addition, there are some wise and meaningful folk stories in this little book. Those smart, witty, brave and kind working people make people feel so kind. They seem to tell us through the pages how to distinguish between kindness and *, how to fight against bad people, and how to keep a happy childlike innocence.
18 12, these stories were compiled into the first volume of Children and Family Fairy Tales, which was published on Christmas Eve in Berlin and was very popular. From then on, until 1857, the brothers Grimm constantly supplemented the story and revised it repeatedly, and * * * published seven editions. The seventh edition later became the original version circulated in various countries, and has been translated into dozens of languages so far, and many stories are widely circulated.
Grimm's fairy tales are not fairy tales. Brothers Grimm are committed to collecting and sorting out folk fairy tales, myths and biographies, faithfully sorting out the collected things into words, and then rigorously researching the origin of these fairy tales. The two brothers made great efforts to collect these fairy tales. Starting from 1806, with the belief of restoring and preserving the folk literature heritage for future generations, it took them eight years to complete the collection and arrangement plan, and * * * collected and arranged more than 2 10 fairy tales. Loyalty, this is the principle of collection and recording that they abide by. On the other hand, they insist on the necessary cleaning and processing of the language to achieve integrity and unity. Fairy tales collected by Brothers Grimm are published in 18 12 to 18 15. When the children found the book, they were fascinated at once. They threw away all the tedious textual research, only read the stories inside and enjoyed it. Later, when it was reprinted, there were only fairy tales, which we saw today. Since its publication, Grimm's Fairy Tales has created a worldwide miracle: its actual reading groups are countless, and in every family with children and books, there is almost a Grimm's fairy tale or a story adapted from it. In China, there are at least 65,438+000 versions and translations. Almost every child who can tell a story will tell a story from Grimm's fairy tale. What fascinates children so much? Some critics are puzzled by this, especially literary critics in the adult world. It's too easy to criticize Grimm's fairy tales from an ordinary point of view-it's simply an unbearable work! Stories are simple and old-fashioned, and there are always difficulties at the beginning. When the difficulties cannot be overcome, there are always fairies and fairies to help, and the ending is always happy. The characters are not plump at all, and there is almost no psychological description; The language is dry and vulgar, and there is almost no advantage to talk about except that the story is weird enough. Some people even think that such a thing will hurt children. Critics forget that this unabridged story from the people is very simple. From the standpoint of children, Grimm's fairy tales are very consistent with their appreciation interest and aesthetic psychology, both in subject matter and artistic expression. These fairy tales add rich materials to children's endless imagination, and satisfy children's simple concepts of goodness and justice very simply and directly. I'm afraid even the brothers Grimm themselves didn't expect that the original story materials they worked so hard to sort out not only conquered the children in Germany, but also fascinated the children all over the world for so long. It is not Grimm's fairy tales that choose children, but children choose Grimm's fairy tales.
There are many bloody and cruel stories in Grimm's fairy tales.
Take the story of juniper tree as an example! Stepmother killed the child to make soup. Cruelly, the unsuspecting father said "delicious" while drinking.
In addition, the original book also contains two stories about "children's games". One of them said that at that time, a group of children were playing the roles of butchers, cooks and other adults. Later, the child who played the butcher took out a knife and cut the throat of the child who played the "pig". Another child took a plate and accepted the dripping blood. Another story is that a child saw his father kill a pig, treated his younger brother as a pig while playing games, and stabbed him in the throat with a knife. His mother came to see this scene and was very angry, so she pulled out a knife, stabbed her brother in the heart and hanged herself. Dad came home to witness such a tragedy, and his heart was quite sad. Rio Tinto died without him.
Of course, such stories are very unsuitable for children, so all versions after the first edition have been deleted.
However, although it has been deleted, later versions are still full of cruel scenes.
Take the story of The Robber and the Son-in-law as an example, there is a plot in which a group of robbers put the clothes of the arrested woman on the dining table, while cutting the meat with a knife and sprinkling salt on the wound.
At that time, book critics mostly focused on the scenes of Grimm's fairy tales, but didn't seem to care too much about the cruel passages. This may be because in the era of the Brothers Grimm, such a cruel plot was allowed by society.
Juniper tree
Maria put her brother's bones under the juniper tree, and her ex-wife prayed for pregnancy under the juniper tree.
In Jin Chugui's translation of Grimm's Fairy Tales (Smoke Wave Library), the juniper tree is translated as "Bai Zhen", which is the tree of life of "rejuvenation" in the Latin original text, and it is a sacred tree with considerable spiritual strength to the exorcism belief in western Europe.
extreme
Cpaing is a fairy tale character in China: his academic performance is not high, and he is not the kind of good boy that school teachers like, but he is kind-hearted, innocent and lively, naughty and lovely, and has stories on him. Cpaing is also a little boy who loves to invent and create. Cpaing and Lu Xixi are twin brothers and sisters written by China's fairy tale king, which are almost household legends among children in China. Cpaing and Lu Xixi had many interesting experiences, all of which were included in 30 volumes of Complete Fairy Tales. ): Because Pipiru likes to play with firecrackers, he was bounced to the sky and found the mysterious earth clock.
Cpaing's magic socks: In chemistry class, Cpaing curiously put socks in chemicals. As a result, he has grown a lot after wearing these socks.
Cpaing's Hongta Paradise: Cpaing is still a playful child. He built a small house in his classmate's house and made himself smaller with magical shrinking spray gas. He went into the small house and had a good time.
Cpaing's training for rabbits: Cpaing once became a "rabbit". Because xu teacher, the head teacher of their class, wants his students to make progress too much. Rabbits are good and obedient animals. Xu teacher turned the whole class into rabbits.
The Adventure of Cpaing Toothpaste: Someone bought a brand of Cpaing Toothpaste. This toothpaste can turn all the TV in one night into domestic cartoons; Can help people defeat bad teenagers; You can turn stone into gold.
Tao Jin, the snake king of Cpaing: In order to experience how human beings live, the snake king was reincarnated as a human fetus. Ben is a little boy, but he still has the ability of snake king. In order to make his family happy, he became a prodigy of calligraphy, painting, reciting poems and English, but later he was kidnapped. He also fought with a good qigong master; Let many cartoons appear on the wall.
* The described Pipiru was born in February of 198 1 year, which is also the sixth day of the first lunar month. After the New Year's greetings, * decided to create a China fairy tale character in his hometown in Shanxi: he is not a good boy with high academic performance, but he is kind-hearted and has a story. Cpaing-a character written by *. He is so naive and lively, naughty and lovely. After reading the book "The Biography of Cpaing", I realized that Cpaing was still a little boy who loved to invent and create.
Tisso
Ye Shengtao's Scarecrow is a beautiful poem written by some poets and a vivid picture painted by some painters. In the evening, the poet drank wine and got a little drunk. The painter is singing in a low voice with exquisite instruments: he has no time to come to the fields. Then, who else will tell people about the scenery and situation in the field at night? Yes, and the scarecrow.
People in the church say that man was made by God's own hands. Whether this sentence is right or not, we can say that the scarecrow was made by the farmers themselves. His skeleton is thin bamboo branches in the bamboo garden, and his muscles and skin are yellow straw every other year. Broken bamboo baskets and residual lotus leaves can be used as his hat; The face under the hat is flat, and you can't tell where the nose is and where the eyes are. He has no fingers in his hand, but he has a broken fan-it's not really a hand, just tied to the handle with a thread and hung on it. His skeleton is very long, with a piece under his foot. The farmer planted this section in the soil in the middle of the field, and he stood there for a day and a night.
Scarecrow is very responsible If you compare the cow with him, the cow is much lazier than him. Sometimes he lies on the ground and looks up at the sky. If you compare the dog with him, the dog is much more naughty than him. Sometimes he runs around so tired that his master doesn't care to look around. He never gets bored, lying like an ox watching the sky; I never play. I run around like a dog. He looked at the field quietly, and the fan in his hand shook gently, driving away the birds that came to eat the newly harvested ears of rice. He doesn't eat or sleep, even if he doesn't sit down to rest, he always stands there stiffly.
Of course, only the scarecrow knows the scenery and situation in the field at night, and knows the most. He knows how the dew is sprinkled on the grass and how sweet the dew is. He knows how the stars blink and the moon smiles. He knows how quiet the fields are at night, and how flowers and trees sleep soundly; He knows how bugs look at me, how I look for you, and how butterflies fall in love: in short, he knows everything about the evening.
Here are a few things that the scarecrow encountered at night.
One starry night, he was guarding the field, his fan rocking gently. The new ears of rice are one by one, and the starlight shines on them, and some are as bright as a layer of water droplets; As long as there is a little wind, the salad will ring loudly. The scarecrow looked at it and was very happy. He thought that this year's harvest would definitely make his master, a poor old lady, smile. Where has she laughed before? * Many years ago, her husband passed away. She cried when she remembered it, her eyes still red; But also become a problem, easy to cry. She has only one son and two women, and she has worked hard to plant this field. It took three years to pay her husband's funeral expenses. Unexpectedly, my son got diphtheria and died. She fainted at that time, and then she fell into heartache and often committed crimes. This time, she was left alone. She is old and has no strength, so she has to work hard. After three years, she finally paid off her son's funeral expenses. But after two years of water, the rice was flooded, either rotten or sprouted. Her tears flowed more, her eyes were hurt, and she couldn't see things in the distance. Her face is wrinkled and looks like a dried orange. Where can she laugh? But this year's rice is growing well and vigorously, and there is not much rain. It seems to be a bumper harvest. So the scarecrow is happy for her. I want to come to the harvest day, and she saw that the rice harvest was big and full, all of them were her own. Finally, there is no white burden, and the wrinkles on her face will definitely spread out, revealing a gratified and satisfied smile. If there is such a smile, in the eyes of the scarecrow, it is more lovely and precious than the smile of the stars and the moon, because he loves his master.
While the scarecrow was thinking about it, a small moth came, grayish brown. He immediately realized that this moth was the enemy of rice, that is, the enemy of its owner. From his standpoint, from his feelings for his master, he must drive the moths away. So the fan in his hand shook. But the wind power of the fan is very limited, so it can't scare moths. The moth flew for a while and landed on a rice leaf, as if she didn't think the scarecrow was driven there. The scarecrow was very worried when he saw the moth fall. But his body is fixed in the soil like a tree, and he can't move a step forward: despite the fan, the moth is resting steadily. He thought about the future situation on the battlefield, the tears and shriveled face of his master, and the fate of his master. His heart was like a knife. But the little moth is resting. No matter how difficult it is, he just won't move.
When the stars came back in droves and all the night scenes disappeared, the moth flew away. Scarecrow carefully looked at the rice leaves, and sure enough, the tips of the leaves rolled up and there were many moths on them. This makes the scarecrow feel infinite fear, thinking that disaster is coming, the more afraid, the more inevitable. Poor master, she has only two blurred eyes; Tell her to see this as soon as possible, so that she can be saved. He thought so, and the fan shook more frequently. Fans often touch their bodies and make a snapping sound. He can't shout, which is a way to warn the host.
The old woman came to the field. She bent down to see that the water in the field was just right, so there was no need to draw water from the river. She also looked at the rice she planted herself, and it all grew very strong. Touch the ear of rice, it's heavy. Look at the scarecrow again, his hat is still very straight; The fan is still in the hand, shaking and making a sound; But also stand well, upright, the position did not move, and the appearance is exactly the same as before. Seeing that everything was all right, she went to Tian 'an, ready to go home and rub the straw rope.
Scarecrow saw that his master was leaving, so he shook his fan in a hurry, trying to keep his master by this urgent voice. The voice seemed to say, "my master, don't go!" Don't think that everything is fine in the field. The disaster left seeds in the field. Once it happens, it will get out of hand. At that time, you will dry your tears and break your heart. Put it out before it's too late. Here, on this tree, look at this rice tip! " He repeatedly expressed the meaning of this warning through the sound of the fan; But the old woman didn't understand. She walked away step by step. He was so anxious that he still shook his fan until the master's back was out of sight that he realized that the warning was invalid.
No one is worried about rice except the scarecrow. He couldn't wait to jump over and put out the root seedlings of the disaster; I can't wait for the wind to send word to invite my master to root out this disaster quickly. His body used to be thin, but now it looks even more haggard because of sadness. He no longer had the strength to stand up straight, but bent over his shoulder and became a patient.
A few days later, in the rice fields, moths became carnivores and were everywhere. In the dead of night, the scarecrow heard the sound of them chewing rice leaves and saw their greedy faces when they ate more. Gradually, a large area of thick green rice disappeared, leaving only bare stalks. He was too sad to watch it again. Thinking that the master's hard work this year can only bring tears and sighs, he can't help but bow his head and cry.
The weather is very cold at this time, and it is in the field at night, and the scarecrow is shivering in the cold wind; He didn't feel it just because he was crying. Suddenly came a woman's voice: "Who should I be? It's you. " He was taken aback before he felt cold. But what can we do? In order to do his duty, he had to stand there despite the cold weather. He looked at the woman. Turned out to be a fisherman. There is a river in front of the ridge, and the fishing boat stops by the river, and there is a faint light in the cabin. She is putting the supported fish into the bottom of the river; The fish sank, so she sat on the shore and pulled it up later.
There are often children coughing in the cabin, and there are often sleepy and subtle voices calling "mom". This made her very worried. She tugged at it, but it always seemed clumsy and almost empty. There was still sound in the cabin, so she said to the sick child in the cabin, "You have a good sleep! When I have fish, I will cook porridge for you tomorrow. You always call me, which makes me very confused. How can I catch fish? "
The child had no choice but to shout, "Mom, I'm thirsty! Give me some tea! " Then there was a cough.
"Here which come of tea! Be honest for a while, my ancestor! "
"I am dying of thirst!" The child cried loudly. In the open field at night, this cry is particularly sad.
Helpless, the fisherman put down the rope, got on the boat, entered the cabin, picked up a bowl, scooped a bowl of water from the river and turned to give it to the sick child. The child finished the water in one gulp. He was really thirsty. But as soon as the bowl was put down, it coughed again; And it seems to be worse, and then only breathing is left.
The fisherman couldn't take care of her children, so she went ashore to help her. For a long time, there was no sound in the cabin. Her cage was empty several times before she caught a crucian carp, seven or eight inches long. This is the first harvest. She carefully took the fish out of the jar, put it in the barrel and put it down. This wooden bucket for fish is next to the scarecrow's feet.
At this time, the scarecrow was even more sad. He felt sorry for the sick child. He is too thirsty to drink a sip of tea: he is too ill to sleep with his mother. He pitied the fisherman and planned to eat porridge on this cold night tomorrow, so he had to leave his sick child behind. He can't wait to chop wood and make tea for his children. I can't wait to make my own mattress and give my child a little warmth; I can't wait to take out the dirty things from the little meat worms and cook porridge for the fishermen. If he can walk, he must do what he wants at once; But unfortunately, his body, like a tree, grows in the soil and can't even move a step. There is nothing he can do. The more he thought about it, the sadder he became, and the more he cried. Suddenly, with a bang, he got a fright, stopped crying and saw something. It turned out that the crucian carp was thrown into the bucket.
There is little water in this bucket. Carassius auratus is lying at the bottom of the bucket, and can only wet the lower side. Crucian carp is very sad, and wants to escape, so it jumps up hard. I jumped several times, but I was blocked by the high bucket rack, and I still fell to the bottom of the bucket, and my body fell very painful. The crucian carp's upward eyes saw the scarecrow and begged, "Friend, please put down your fan for a while and help me!" " I left my home in the water and only died. Good friend, help me! "
Hearing the sincere plea of crucian carp, the scarecrow was very sad; But he can only shake his head hard. He means: "please forgive me, I am a weak person!" My heart is not only willing to save you, but also willing to save the woman who arrested you and her children, and all the suffering people except you, women and children. But I am like a tree, stuck in the mud and can't even move freely. How can I get what I want? Please forgive me, I am a weak person! "
Crucian carp don't understand scarecrow, just watching him shake his head again and again, angry as fire. "What's so difficult! You have no heart at all, just shake your head! It turned out that I was wrong, because of my own difficulties, why ask others! I should do it myself and try my best. If I fail, I will only die. What is this? " The crucian carp let out a cry and jumped up. This time, it scored 12, and even the tip of its tail and pectoral fins stood on end.
Scarecrow saw that crucian carp misunderstood his meaning and had no way to explain it to crucian carp. He was very sad, sighing and crying. After a while, he looked up and saw the fisherman asleep with a rope in one hand; This is because she is too tired. Although she is thinking about porridge tomorrow, she finally can't support it. What about the crucian carp in the bucket? I can't hear the sound of jumping, and my tail seems to be still twitching intermittently. The Scarecrow thought that this night was a sad night, and there were many sad things together. But look at those little robbers who eat rice leaves. They are happy, full and dancing on the bare stalks. After the rice harvest, the master's old strength was wasted. Is there anything more pitiful in the world?
The night is getting darker and darker, even the stars look dim. The scarecrow suddenly felt a shadow coming from one side of the field. When he looked carefully, it turned out to be a woman, wearing a fat short coat and messy hair. She stopped and looked at the fishing boat parked by the river; Turned and walked to the river bank; Without taking a few steps, he stood there stiffly. The scarecrow felt very strange and looked at her carefully.
A very sad voice came from her mouth, weak and intermittent, which could only be heard by straw accustomed to hearing all the small voices at night. The voice said, "I'm not a cow or a pig, how can I let you sell it to others casually!" " I want to run, and I can't wait for you to really sell it to someone else tomorrow. You have a little money. You either lost two gambling games or drank yellow soup for a few days. What the hell! Why do you have to force me? ..... Only death, except death! If you die, go underground to find my child! "Where are these words? I cried so hard that my voice was disturbed.
The scarecrow was very afraid and thought it was another painful thing he encountered. She wants to die! He was anxious to save her, and he didn't know why. He shook the fan again, trying to wake the sleeping fisherman. But I can't. The fisherman remained motionless as if he were dead. He hates himself. He shouldn't be stuck in the soil like a tree. He can't move a step. Isn't destruction a sin? I committed this crime. This is really worse than death. "Oh my god, turn on the light! Farmers, get up! Birds fly to report the news! The wind will soon blow away her thoughts of seeking death! " He prayed silently like this; But it was still dark and there was no sound. His heart was broken, he dared not look, and timidly stared at the shadow standing by the river.
The woman stood silently for a while and leaned forward. The scarecrow knew that the terrible time had come, and the fan in his hand beat louder. But she didn't jump and stood there stiffly.
After a long time, she suddenly raised her arm and ran into the river like a fallen body. When the scarecrow saw this scene, he fainted before he heard her fall into the water.
The next morning, the farmer passed by the river and found a body in the river. The news spread at once. Men and women nearby came to see it. The noisy sound woke the sleeping fisherman. She saw that the crucian carp in the bucket was dead. She walked back to the hut with a bucket; When the sick child wakes up, his face looks thinner and his cough is worse. The old peasant woman followed everyone to the river to look: she walked past her rice field and took a look. Unexpectedly, a few days later, rice leaves and ears were gone, leaving only bare stems. She was so anxious that she stamped her feet and cried. Everyone ran over to ask her and advised her to see the scarecrow lying in the middle of the field.
Written in 1922