Rules of playing basketball
Rule history
Basketball rules formulated by naismith
(1) Basketball is a game played by hands, and the ball is round;
Basketball (16)
② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed;
(3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes;
④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed;
⑤ The hoop should be horizontal.
There are 13 original basketball competition rules. The basic content of article 13 is:
1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands.
2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists.
Players can't take the ball away.
You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet.
5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule is regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits the target. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute.
6. It is against rules 3 and 4 to hit the ball with fists.
7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously.
8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller.
9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent.
10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. However, if the referee blocks any team, his license will be revoked. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified.
1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of the player. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should calculate the time, decide the hitting of the ball, record the hitting times of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times.
12. The game will be played in two 20 minutes with a 5-minute break.
13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored.
Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. Especially, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, with higher technical and tactical level and more important rules. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball competition rules.
Rule evolution
The modification of rules promotes the development of basketball, and the continuous improvement of basketball skills and tactics promotes the appropriate modification or supplement of imperfect rules, thus making basketball develop in a healthy and advanced direction.
Rules and basketball skills and tactics, like productivity and relations of production, are complementary, interdependent and mutually reinforcing. By affirming, denying, allowing or not allowing, the rules ensure the normal progress of basketball games and promote the healthy development of basketball. The action that conforms to the rules of the field is the correct action, and vice versa.
The rules have developed from the initial 13 to the present 58, and the basketball skills and tactics have developed from the initial simple low level to the present advanced level, which is the result of their mutual restriction and promotion for many years. For example, dribbling technology has developed from the elbow joint as the axis at first to the shoulder joint as the axis now. The current rules clearly point out that the symbol of the end of dribbling is the moment when both hands touch the ball or the palm of dribbling is up, and the dribbling ends when the thumb exceeds the vertical plane. Therefore, the modern technology of arm dribbling with shoulder joint as the axis and one-handed back-pulling and back-turning dribbling has been affirmed in legal form. Another example is the development of shooting technology, from the initial shooting with both hands holding the chest to top-down dunk, one-handed or two-handed makeup and other superb technologies, and modern technologies such as dunk and makeup have developed rapidly. In addition, there are many techniques in the game, such as back jump shot, back jump shot and hook jump shot, which are also determined by the basic principles of dealing with physical contact and foul, such as vertical plane principle and flying man principle.
Under normal circumstances, FIBA will revise and supplement the rules every four years, with the purpose of promoting the further development of basketball skills and tactics, limiting rude movements and making the game develop in a civilized, clean, intense and hard-working direction.
The change of rules is unknowable, and no one can change it at will on a whim. It is carried out according to a certain review purpose. The specific guiding principles for modifying the rules are:
1. Gongping. This is the basis for modifying the rules. Rules should be fair to both sides of the game. Because the basketball game is a contest of basketball consciousness, skills and tactics and physical quality between the two sides under the same conditions of time, space, venue and number of people.
2. Balance. Balance (or balance) means that both offense and defense must be balanced. If a game is easy to score or difficult to score, it will make the game dull and not exciting, then the wonderful charm of the basketball game will be lost.
3. Define the meaning. The definition of rules should be concise and accurate.
4. compile. Rules should be compiled, avoid duplication, be consistent and not contradictory.
5. Keep it short. The rules should be concise and to the point, avoiding verbosity and making people difficult to understand.
6. Outside the case. There are many rules in front of the rules. If there are no exceptions (that is, comments), it is difficult to enforce the rules. The exception is to ensure the implementation of positive law.
7. Safety. Rules should ensure personal safety and the smooth running of the competition in a good environment and atmosphere.
8. power. The referee must be given the power to execute the rules competently and authoritatively in the competition.
9. Continuation. The rules should minimize the number of interruptions of the game, so as to ensure the continuity of the game and make the game more compact and exciting.
10. No profit. Rules should make no one in the game benefit from violating the rules, so that the game can be played fairly and reasonably.
Basketball has always been a very eye-catching sport for the current society, and many people choose this sport. Although this is strenuous exercise, in the long run, your muscles will change greatly and your body tissues will gradually become stronger. The body will grow very fast.
Current rule
Competition mode: A team consists of five people, one of whom is the captain, and the maximum number of substitutes is seven, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The game is divided into four sections, each section is 10 minute, and the NBA is 12 minute (20 minutes for NBA All-Star Rookie Game and American College Basketball League, ***2 sections), with a 5-minute break between sections, the NBA is 130 second, and the half-time is 10 minute. At the end of the game, if the scores of the two teams are the same, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.
Score category:
After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points if you put it on the outside of the 3-point line, and the ball that you step on the 3-point line with your heel or toe is regarded as a 2-point ball. Got a free throw 1 point.
Game mode: At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game.
jump ball
Player replacement:
The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.
Free throw:
Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time is all out (6 times in NBA). And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 5 seconds after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.
Violation:
It can be roughly divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice (double luck), kicking the ball (foot ball), the ball out of bounds, returning to the court or hitting the ball with a fist. (2) Jump ball violation: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central area of the jump ball. (3) Overtime violations: serve timeout, penalty area timeout, backcourt timeout, free throw timeout, 24-second timeout, etc. (4) three-second violation, that is, when defending the opposing player, you can't stand in the three-second zone for more than three seconds unless you have a defensive task to directly face the opposing dribbler (not even rebounding) (Note: this rule only exists in NBA rules, not in international competitions and China competitions). [ 1]